Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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两种不同药物治疗真菌性外耳道炎的疗效比较

目的 比较曲安奈德益康唑乳膏和硼酸酒精滴耳液治疗真菌性外耳道炎的疗效。方法 2019年2月~2022年5月期间我院收治的真菌性外耳道炎患者124例,随机分为A组和B组,每组62例。A组于耳内镜下局部涂抹曲安奈德益康唑乳膏,B组予以硼酸酒精滴耳液滴耳,分别连续治疗3周,然后比较分析两组治疗效果。结果 A组的耳痒、耳闷、耳溢液、外耳道红肿表现及霉菌斑块改善效果优于B组,而两组的听力下降、耳痛症状改善效率相当。两组总有效率分析显示,治疗1周后分别为88.7%,69.4%;治疗2周后,总有效率分别为95.2%,75.8%;治疗3周后,分别为100%,80.6%,均显示了明显的统计学意义(P<0.05);3月后,两组的复发率分别为6.5%、11.3%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 曲安奈德益康唑乳膏局部涂抹治疗真菌性外耳道炎的效果优于硼酸酒精滴耳液。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

不同浓度的曲安奈德联合瘢痕疙瘩切除术在瘢痕疙瘩治疗中的效果研究

目的:分析不同浓度的曲安奈德联合瘢痕疙瘩切除术治疗瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2020年3月至2023年5月期间本院收治的94例瘢痕疙瘩行瘢痕疙瘩切除术患者的临床资料,根据采用的曲安奈德浓度的不同将患者分为低浓度组(n=44)和高浓度组(n=50)。分析比较治疗3 m后临床疗效和治疗后1 y复发率;采用温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver Scar Scale,VSS)评估瘢痕恢复情况;采用焦虑自评量表(Self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)以及抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)评估心理状态;同时观察不良反应发生情况。结果:高浓度组的治疗总疗效率显著高于低浓度组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者VSS、SAS及SDS评分均显著下降,且高浓度组的VSS、SAS及SDS评分显著低于低浓度组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率及治疗后1 y复发率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:高低浓度曲安奈德联合瘢痕疙瘩切除术治疗瘢痕疙瘩临床疗效更佳,更有利改善患者心理状态,术后恢复更好。

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

康柏西普与曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿临床疗效的比较

背景黄斑水肿是视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）常见的并发症之一，目前的治疗方法是激光疗法和抗新生血管药物的玻璃体腔注射。康柏西普是人源化血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）受体抗体，临床上常用于眼底新生血管性疾病的治疗，其在治疗CRVO继发性黄斑水肿方面疗效的研究较少。目的比较康柏西普和曲安奈德（TA）玻璃体腔注射对CRVO继发黄斑水肿的疗效及安全性。方法采用非随机对照临床研究方法，纳入2012年3月至2013年8月在潍坊市益都中心医院诊断为CRVO继发黄斑水肿者60例60眼，按照就诊日期分为康柏西普组和TA组，每组30例30眼，2个组患者人口基线特征接近。2个组患眼分别行0．05ml康柏西普或0．05ml（0．05mg）TA玻璃体腔注射，分别于注射前和注射后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行复查。主要评价指标包括注射眼最佳矫正视力（BCVA）和OCT检查的黄斑中心凹厚度（CMT），次要指标包括注射前后眼压变化和眼部并发症。结果康柏西普组和TA组患眼玻璃体腔注射后1周、1个月、3个月和6个月BCVA均明显优于注射前，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）；注射后1个月TA组注射眼平均BCVA优于康柏西普组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。康柏西普组患眼注射前及注射后1周、1个月、3个月和6个月CMT值分别为（572．00±100．01）、（325．12±91．55）、（280．00±92．37）、（258．65±88．65）、（300．00±87．64）μm，TA组分别为（570．00±102．21）、（345．12±89．31）、（290．00±80．27）、（309．65±84．13）和（303．00±90．59）μm，2个组患眼注射后CMT值较注射前均明显降低，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），注射后3个月康柏西普组患眼CMT值下降更明显，与TA组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。TA组患眼注射前及注射后1周、1个月、3个月和6个月眼压值分别为（15．20±3．52）、（21．20±3．80）、（26．40±4．00）、（23．60±3．73）和（21．50±3．27）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），注射后各时间点眼压值均明显高于注射前，且TA组注射后各时间点患眼眼压均明显高于康柏西普组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05），而康柏西普组注射前后患眼眼压变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论玻璃体腔注射TA及康柏西普治疗CRVO所致黄斑水肿有效，可减轻视网膜水肿并改善视力。与TA相比，玻璃体腔注射康柏西普无眼压升高的风险，更加安全可靠。

兔眼玻璃体腔注射国产曲安奈德的视网膜毒性研究

目的:研究常规剂量国产曲安奈德(Triamcinolone Acetonide,TA)玻璃体腔内注射对兔视网帧的毒性作用。方法:纯种健康新西兰大白兔48只行玻璃体腔内注射,随机选取24只兔子右眼注射生理盐水0.1ml作为对照A组,该24只兔子左眼注射TA混悬液4mg/0.1ml作为试验B组,其余24只兔子右眼注射去赋形剂的TA0.1ml(去除的赋形剂用生理盐水补足)作为试验C组,其左眼注射从曲安佘德混悬液中分离的赋形剂0.1ml作为试验D组。每只动物于注药前及注药后3天、2周及1月各时间点行双眼FERG检查,检查后处死动物,取出眼球行视网膜光学及电子显微镜检查,观察其结构的改变。结果:各实验组兔眼注药前后FERG b波潜伏期无明显变化,在注药后短时间内有b波振幅的降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);赋形剂组在注药后1月还有b波振幅的降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)光学及电子显微镜观察,赋形剂组在注药后各时间点均有视网膜结构的改变,去赋形剂组以及TA混悬液组只在短时间内有视网膜结构的改变。结论:4mg国产TA兔眼玻璃体腔注射短期内可引起视网膜结构和功能的轻度改变,但这种改变只是暂时性和可逆的,其对视网膜的毒性作用可能主要是由赋形剂引起的。

鼻渊通窍颗粒联合曲安奈德鼻喷雾剂治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床观察

目的:观察鼻渊通窍颗粒联合曲安奈德鼻喷雾剂治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将120例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各组60例。对照组患者第1周给予曲安奈德鼻喷雾剂220μg,qd,之后减少至110μg,qd;观察组患者在对照组基础上加服鼻渊通窍颗粒15 g,tid。两组患者均治疗10周。观察两组患者临床疗效及治疗前后白细胞介素(IL)-5,IL-8、鼻黏膜纤毛传输速率(MTR)、鼻腔鼻窦结局测试-20(SNOT-20)评分、视觉模拟(VAS)评分、Lund-Mackey鼻窦CT评分,并比较不良反应发生率。结果:观察组患者临床总有效率为93.3%,显著高于对照组的85.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前IL-5、IL-8、MTR、SNOT-20评分、VAS评分、Lund-Mackey鼻窦CT评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患者治疗后IL-5、IL-8水平明显降低,MTR则明显提高,SNOT-20评分、VAS评分、Lund-Mackey鼻窦CT评分均明显降低,且观察组显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:鼻渊通窍颗粒联合曲安奈德鼻喷雾剂治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效显著,能明显改善患者生活质量,缓解临床症状,且安全性较好。

超声乳化联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射治疗白内障合并糖尿病黄斑水肿

目的:观察超声乳化联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射(IVTA)对白内障合并糖尿病黄斑水肿患者的临床疗效。方法:将白内障合并糖尿病黄斑水肿患者44例52眼随机分为两组:对照组行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术;IVTA组在对照组手术的基础上,联合IVTA治疗。所有患眼均接受裂隙灯显微镜、光相干断层(OCT)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)及间接检眼镜检查。比较各组治疗前后平均最小分辨角对数(Log MAR BCVA)及黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)变化。并对手术治疗6mo后平均Log MAR BCVA和各因素进行相关性分析。采用多因素线性回归分析法分析术后6mo视力恢复的影响因素。结果:各组治疗1、3、6mo后Log MAR BCVA均明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(F=3.351、4.588,P=0.022、0.005),但两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。手术后1、3mo后,IVTA组CMT显著低于对照组(t=3.402、2.083,P=0.001、0.042),手术后6mo时无明显差别。手术后6mo平均Log MAR BCVA与ELM(中心凹外界膜)状态负相关(r=-0.611,P=0.006)。多因素线性回归分析结果显示,手术后6mo视力恢复与中心凹外界膜ELM状态(B=0.333,P=0.030)和糖尿病病程(B=-0.307,P=0.005)具有相关性。结论:超声乳化手术联合IVTA治疗白内障合并糖尿病黄斑水肿,可在短期内减轻黄斑水肿,改善视力。IVTA对改善黄斑水肿的作用更为明显。

玻璃体内注射曲安奈德治疗DME的投药剂量研究

目的:寻找玻璃体内注射曲安奈德(TA)治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿(diabeticmacularedema,DME)的最小有效剂量。方法:选择FFA证实为DME的患者38例45眼,将其随机分为两组:A组19例22眼,B组19例23眼。两组分别采用40g/L的TA2mg和4mg玻璃体内注射。治疗前两组的平均最佳矫正视力(BCVA)分别为0.06±0.06和0.06±0.05(t=0.076,P=0.94),并且眼压<21mmHg。用药后随访6mo,对比观察用药前后的视力、眼压、晶状体和眼底改变以及FFA表现。结果:治疗后平均BCVA:A组22眼为0.13±0.05,B组23眼为0.12±0.04;两组患者治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(t=-4.39,P=0.00;t=-5.75,P=0.00)。用药后眼压>21mmHgA组2眼(9%),B组9眼(39%),高眼压发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.99,P=0.04)。FFA显示治疗有效A组为19眼,B组22眼,两组有效率差别无统计学意义(χ2=0.32,P=0.56)。在6mo内复发率A组5眼(23%),B组3眼(13%),其差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.21,P=0.64)。两组中均无发生难治性青光眼和白内障发展眼。黄斑水肿复发眼再次玻璃体内注射TA有效。结论:玻璃体内注射TA2mg或4mg对于DME均有一定疗效,其短期复发率没有明显差异。玻璃体内注射2mgTA较注射4mg能较少引起眼压升高。

曲安奈德玻璃体内注射治疗黄斑水肿对眼压的影响观察

目的:评价曲安奈德玻璃体内注射治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿在眼压方面的安全性。方法:将双眼糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者分别采用4m g和8m g不同剂量的曲安奈德玻璃体内注射,观察最佳矫正视力维持时间和眼压升高情况的差异。结果:两种剂量的曲安奈德玻璃体内注射均可使黄斑水肿消退,最佳矫正视力维持时间两组有显著性差异(P<0.05),4m g和8m g两种剂量曲安奈德玻璃体内注射引起眼压升高无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:4m g和8m g曲安奈德玻璃体内注射均可引起眼压升高,可尝试应用8m g剂量替代4m g曲安奈德玻璃体内注射以维持最佳矫正视力和减少玻璃体内注射次数带来的风险。

5-氟尿嘧啶联合曲安奈德治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤

目的评价5-氟尿嘧啶联合曲安奈德局部注射治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤的临床疗效。方法将74例眼睑海绵状血管瘤患者分为两组,分别以曲安奈德和5-氟尿嘧啶联合曲安奈德局部注射治疗瘤体。结果曲安奈德组眼睑海绵状血管瘤的治愈率为67.6%,治愈好转率为73.5%;联合用药组眼睑海绵状血管瘤的治愈率为80.0%,治愈好转率为92.3%,差异有显著性(χ2=4.868,P<0.05)。曲安奈德组平均疗程为(11.7±3.1)个月,联合用药组平均疗程为(6.6±2.0)个月,差异有显著性(t=2.044,P<0.05)。结论5-氟尿嘧啶不仅能提高曲安奈德对眼睑海绵状血管瘤的临床疗效,而且能缩短其疗程。5-氟尿嘧啶联合曲安奈德局部注射是治疗眼睑海绵状血管瘤的安全、有效方法。