探索性有机化学实验教学——以2-氨基-5-乙基-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成为例

有机化学实验是制药工程专业重要的基础课之一,既是对有机化学理论课的补充,又是学习药学专业课的基础。本文以氨基硫脲和丙醛为原料,通过改变溶剂、氧化剂种类、反应温度、反应时间及反应物投料比筛选出最优反应条件,从而提高2-氨基-5-乙基-1,3,4-噻二唑的产率。通过本次实验,不仅有利于学生巩固理论知识,提高实验动手能力,培养学生热爱化学,热爱科研,激发探索性思维具有重要的作用。

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fungicidal Activity of 3-(4-Chloro-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-6-(E)phenylvinyltriazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole

The crystal structure of the title compound 3 (4 Chloro 3 ethyl 1 methyl 1H pyrazol 5 yl) 6 (E)phenylvinyltriazolo[3,4 b] 1,3,4 thiadiazole (C 17 H 15 ClN 6S, M r =370.87) was determined by single crystal X ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P2 1/n , a=10.862(2), b=11.541(2), c=14\^994(3), β=108.41(3)°, V=1783(1), Z=4, D x =1.381 g/cm -3 , μ =0.3361 mm -1 , and F (000)=768. The results confirmed that the title compound belongs to type E of stereochemistry. The dihedral angle between triazole and 1,3,4 thiadiaole ring is 3° and the torsion angle between 1,3,4 thiadiazole and pyrazole ring is 134.0°.

微波促进下3-(2-苯并呋喃基)-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑及其衍生物的合成

微波辐射条件下,首先由2-苯并呋喃甲酰肼依次与二硫化碳和水合肼反应合成3-(2-苯并呋喃基)-4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑,进一步在微波辐射条件下由4-氨基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑分别与芳甲酸/芳氧基乙酸、α-溴代苯乙酮及芳醛反应以较高产率制得了相应的1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑、1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二嗪及4-芳亚甲基亚胺基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑.产物结构经IR,1HNMR,MS及元素分析进行了表征.

Phase Transfer Catalyzed Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Water-soluble S-Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles Containing Piperazine Group

6/3-（4-Chlorophenyl）-s-triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazoles （2,a-e） and （Sa-e） were synthesized respectively by intermolecular cyclization of 5-aryl / 4-chlorophenyl-4-amino-3- mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazoles （la-e） and （4） with 4-chlorobenzoic acid / aryl acids, which were condensed with piperazine under phase transfer catalyst TBAB to yield the corresponding free bases of monopiperazine derivatives and followed to form water-soluble salts （3a-e） and （6a-e） with hydrochloric acid in good yields. The in vitro biological results showed that piperazine group conjugated with the above fused heterocycles played an important role in antibacterial activity. The structures of novel compounds were confirmed by IR, ＇H NMR, MS and elemental analysis.

Studies on Condensed Heterocyclic Compounds(Ⅲ)——Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3-(4-Pyridyl)-6-Alkyl/Aromatic Heterocyclyl-s-Triazolo[3,4-b]-1, 3,4-Thiadiazoles and 1,4-Bis [6-(4-Pyridyl)-s-Triazolo [3,4-b]-1, 3,4-Thiadiazol-3-yl]-n-Butane

In recent years, fused heterocycles have been reported to possess important properties in synthesis and pharmacology. Especially, s-triazolo, 3,4-thiadiazole derivatives have been attracting much attention for chemists and pharmacologists because they show broad spectra of biological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, hy-

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3-Benzyl-6-trichloromethyl-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole

The title compound 3-benzyl-6-trichloromethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole I （C11HTC13N4S, Mr = 333.62） has been synthesized, and its structure was determined by elemental analyses, IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, and X-ray diffractions. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P1^-, with a = 5.898（3）, b = 10.510（4）, c = 11.580（5） A, α = 74.936（7）, β= 75.476（7）, γ = 79.647（7）°, V= 665.9（5）/A^3, F（000） = 336, Z= 2, Dc = 1.664 g/cm^3, 2 = 0.71073A, p = 0.834 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0605 and wR = 0.0900. The secondary bonding interactions （SBIs） S…N and π-π stacking interactions are found in the crystal structure and they link the molecules into a three-dimensional network.

3,6-二取代苯基-二-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物的合成

以2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑为原料,与水合肼缩合,生成2,5-二肼基-1,3,4-噻二唑.2,5-二肼基-1,3,4-噻二唑与苯甲酰氯反应生成2,5-二酰肼基-1,3,4-噻二唑,以POCl3为环合剂环合酰肼基-1,3,4-噻二唑,合成3,6-二取代苯基-二-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物,合成的新化合物的结构通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱予以证实,并提出了环化反应机理.

Synthesis,Characterization and Crystal Structure of 3-o-Fluorophenyl-6-(4-decarboxydehydroabietyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole

Three novel 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were designed,synthesized and characterized by IR,NMR and APCI-MS.3-o-Fluorophenyl-6-（4-decarboxydehydroabietyl）-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole（6a,C28H31FN4S） was structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system,space group P212121 with a=6.0153（14）,b=12.2577（19）,c=34.055（3）A,V=2511.0（7）A^3,Z=4,Mr=474.63,Dc=1.255Mg/m^3,λ=0.71073 A,μ（MoKα）=0.160 mm^-1,F（000）=1008,the final R=0.0555 and wR=0.1248 for 3094 observed reflections with I〉2σ（I）.There are six rings in the crystal structure of the title compound.The dihedral angle between 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiaole rings is 1.4o,and that between 1,2,4-triazole and benzene ring D 25.5o.

1-(5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)哌啶-2-酮的合成及表征

本文报道1-(5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)哌啶-2-酮(1)的合成。首先,在乙酸催化下,二茂铁甲醛(2)和氨基硫脲(3)反应得到二茂铁亚胺基硫脲衍生物(4)。然后,在三氯化铁作用下,中间体4发生关环反应得到5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-胺(5)。中间体5再与5-溴戊酰氯(6)发生N-酰基化反应得到5-溴-N-(5-二茂铁基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)戊酰胺(7)。最后,在碱性条件下,中间体7发生分子内关环反应得到目标化合物(1)。中间体及产物结构经1 H NMR、13 C NMR和ESI-MS表征,产物1结构进一步通过X-单晶衍射确证。然后分别考察了中间体5及产物1收率的主要影响因素,确定中间体5合成的适宜条件为:三氯化铁的用量为n(三氯化铁)∶n(中间体4)=4∶1,反应温度80℃,反应时间为15 h,在该条件下,中间体5的收率达到61.9%;确定产物1合成的适宜条件为:反应溶剂为二氧六环,物料比为n(DIEA)∶n(6)∶(5)=3.0∶1.2∶1.0、反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,在该条件下,产物1收率达到68.4%。

含5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑磺胺衍生物的合成

1,3,4-噻二唑核是最重要的杂环核之一,是许多天然产物和药物的共同特征。以1,3,4-噻二唑为起始原料,经卤代、酰化及水解反应合成了7种未见报道的新型5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑磺胺衍生物,利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和高分辨质谱表征了化合物的结构;新合成化合物在丰富该类化合物的同时,也为1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物的合成提供了参考。

2,5-二取代1,3,4-噻二唑的合成

以5-氨基-2-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑为原料,经过胺基酰基化、氯气氧化制得5-乙酰胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-磺酰氯,化合物与N-甲基哌嗪、苯胺反应,合成两个未见报道的目标产物:5-乙酰胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(N-甲基哌嗪磺酰胺)和5-乙酰胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-(磺酰苯胺)。利用IR、H-NMR、LC-MS对目标产物进行表征。

Preparation and Spectral Characterization of 3-Benzyl-6-aryl-1,2,4-triazolothiadiazoles

Benzyl 4 amino 5 mercapto 1,2,4 triazole reacted with aromatic acids in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, yielding a series of new compounds, i.e. , 3 benzyl 6 aryl 1,2,4 triazolothiadiazoles, each of which has an active methylene at 3 position. The structures of all the title compounds were confirmed by elementary analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra.

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of 2,6-bis(6-aryl-[1,2,4]- triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazole-3-yl)pyridines

By the condensation of 2,6-bis（4-amino-5-mercapto-[1,2,4]-triazoles-2）pyridine with aromatic acid in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. Compounds of 2,6-bis（6-aryl-[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazole-3-yl）pyridines were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ^1H NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Their electrochemical behavior and cyclic voltammogram also were be studied. The results showed that they have high ionization potentials and good affinity.

2-取代硫醚-5-(5,7-二甲基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶基)-1,3,4-噁二唑/噻二唑类化合物的合成及生物活性

以5-氨基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-羧酸乙酯为起始原料,设计合成了11个新型的2-取代硫醚-5-(5,7-二甲基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶基)-1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物(5)和6个新型的2-取代硫醚-5-(5,7-二甲基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶基)-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物(8).通过1HNMR,MS和元素分析对所合成的化合物进行了结构表征.初步的生物活性测试结果表明,所合成的化合物均表现出不同程度的除草及杀菌活性,其中化合物5k和8f的活性最好,在50mg/L浓度下对水稻纹枯病菌的抑制率达90%以上.

2-取代硫醚-5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物的合成、结构与体外抗癌活性

以天然产物没食子酸为原料经醚化、酯化、酰肼化、成盐、闭环、硫醚化六步反应合成了6个2-取代硫醚-5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑类衍生物,釆用铟催化下水相合成目标化合物8,具有反应条件温和,合成收率高的特点;用IR,1HNMR,13CNMR和元素分析对各化合物进行了表征及结构确证,并用X射线单晶衍射法测定了化合物8a[2-(2-氯-5-吡啶甲基)硫醚-5-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑]的晶体结构,采用MTT法进行了新化合物抑制PC3和BGC-823癌细胞体外试验,结果表明在5μmol?L-1浓度下化合物8e对PC3的抑制活性为55.71%.化合物8b对BGC-823细胞抑制活性为66.21%.

含1,3,4-噻二唑结构的酰胺类衍生物的合成及生物活性研究

随着养殖技术不断提高,水产养殖向高密度、集约化发展的同时,养殖水产品弧菌所引起的疾病也日趋严重,这类疾病不仅给水产养殖业带来了巨大的损失,也引起了人们的饮食健康问题,因此,水产养殖业对于新型安全高效抗菌药的需求迫在眉睫。以醛类化合物为原料,与硫代氨基脲形成希夫碱类化合物,成环后生成1,3,4-噻二唑类衍生物,并与不同链长的酰氯反应,合成6个含1,3,4-噻二唑结构的酰胺类衍生物,所有化合物的结构经IR、1 H NMR以及HR-MS(ESI)确证。采用牛津杯法测试目标化合物对霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌的抑菌圈直径及最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。生物活性测试结果表明:化合物4b对霍乱弧菌的抑菌圈直径为11.79±0.15 mm,化合物4a和4c哈维氏弧菌的抑菌圈直径分别为17.53±0.08 mm、19.37±0.56 mm,MIC均为0.25 mg·mL^(-1)。化合物4a、4b和4c对海洋弧菌具有较好抑制活性,可为后续水产抗菌药物的研发提供理论基础。

含有1H-1,2,4-三唑咪唑[2,1-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑、S-三唑[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物的合成及生物活性

合成了 1 8个含有 1 H-1 ,2 ,4-三唑的咪唑 [2 ,1 -b]-1 ,3 ,4-噻二唑以及 S-三唑 [3 ,4-b]-1 ,3 ,4-噻二唑的稠杂环衍生物 ,经元素分析及谱学表征 ,探讨 2 ,5 ,6-三取代咪唑 [2 ,1 -b]-1 ,3 ,4-噻二唑的可能生成机制 .对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、枯草杆菌等初步抑菌试验证明 。