Study on the Optimum N Rates Under Spring Cabbage-Maize-Winter Cabbage Rotation System

In this paper, field trials in two soils with different Nmin were conducted to study the effects of mineral N content （Nmin） in soil on the maximum yield N rate （MYNR）, N recovery of cabbage under spring cabbage-maize-winter cabbage rotation system, and the correlation of N fertilization with cabbage yield and quality, and to provide the theoretical basis for N recommendation for high-yield, quality, and safety production of vegetables. The effects of six N rates of 0, 90, 180, 270, 360, and 450 kg ha-1 on the yield, N recovery of spring cabbage, maize, and winter cabbage, water-soluble sugar, Vc, and nitrate content of vegetables were observed. The results showed that soil Nmin had a remarkable influence on the MYNR in the first spring cabbage season. The MYNR for spring cabbage lessened in the soil with high Nmin. Soil Nmin, could be helpful to N recommendation only for the seasonal growing crop because its effects on the following crop yield was less with the active transformation of soil Nmin. The farmer＇s practice was 1.8-3.2 times higher than the MYNR of cabbage resulted in the nitrate enrichment of groundwater. Both N application rate and Nmin. in the soil profile affected N recovery, whereas, the relay intercropping maize in the cabbage field increased the N recovery at a higher N application rate. Lower N rate （less than 90 kg ha-1） improved the yield and quality of cabbage at the same time; higher N rates increased cabbage yield, but decreased the quality; extremely high N rates of application deceased both yield and quality of cabbage. It was concluded that the soil Nmin had close correlations with MYNR and N recovery of the seasonal growing cabbage. Although the residual effects of the N fertilizer were obvious in Shajiang black meadow soil, cabbage-maize rotation increased the N recovery in treatments with higher N rates. Considering the effects of N rates on cabbage yield and quality, it is necessary to reduce the N rate and lower the yield target for obtaining a better quality of vegetable produce.

春甘蓝-玉米-冬甘蓝轮作制下氮肥施用量研究

【目的】探讨土壤无机氮含量对春甘蓝-玉米-冬甘蓝轮作甘蓝获得最高产量的施氮量和氮肥利用率的影响及施用氮肥与甘蓝产量和品质的关系,为该轮作制高产优质安全的氮肥施用技术提供依据。【方法】采用田间定位试验研究0、90、180、270、360、450kg·ha-16个施氮水平在两种无机氮含量土壤上春甘蓝、玉米、冬甘蓝产量、氮肥利用率及甘蓝水溶性糖、Vc、硝酸盐含量的变化。【结果】供试土壤无机氮含量显著影响第一季春甘蓝获得最高产量的施氮量,土壤无机氮含量高,春甘蓝最大施氮量降低,土壤无机氮含量对后茬冬甘蓝影响减弱,表明土壤无机氮变化活跃,只对当季作物施肥具有指导意义。当地习惯施氮量高出甘蓝获得最大产量施氮量的1.8～3.2倍,已引起地下水NO3--N的富积。施氮量和土壤剖面中无机氮含量均影响甘蓝氮肥利用率,甘蓝套玉米有利于高氮处理的氮肥利用率的提高。氮肥用量低时(用量在90kg·ha-1以内时),可同时提高甘蓝的产量和品质;氮肥用量进一步提高时,甘蓝产量还可进一步提高,但品质下降;当氮肥用量过高时,则甘蓝产量品质均下降。因而在生产上要获得优质蔬菜产品,需要减少氮肥用量降低产量来获得。【结论】土壤无机氮含量与当季甘蓝获得最高产量的氮肥用量和氮肥利用率密切相关。砂姜黑土氮肥后效明显,甘蓝与玉米轮作能提高高氮处理氮肥利用率。氮肥用量影响甘蓝产量和品质,要获得较好品质的蔬菜,必须减少氮肥用量降低产量来获得。

木霉菌在蔬菜上的应用效果初报

在淮北砂姜黑土地区的包菜和黄瓜上进行木霉发酵液的叶面喷施效果试验,研究结果表明,喷施木霉,可以促进蔬菜的营养生长,包菜和黄瓜的生长性状明显改善,产量显著增加。两种作物比较,黄瓜增产潜力更大。施用木霉菌,包菜和黄瓜的产值均有不同程度提高,黄瓜的增产增收效应更为明显。包菜施用高量木霉效果最好;而黄瓜施用低量木霉效果最好,因此,建议包菜每平方米用量可≥2ml;而黄瓜每平方米用量1ml为宜。