In vitro fungistatic activity of 36 traditional oriental medicines and their synergistic effect against Trichophyton rubrume

Objective: To investigate the fungistatic activity and synergistic effects of natural products and their constituents, including traditional oriental medicines(TOMs).Methods: Fungistatic activities of TOMs prepared by hot-water(115 ℃) or ethanol(70%; 40 ℃) extraction were determined by their minimum inhibitory concentration.To assess possible synergistic effects, minimum inhibitory concentrations of various combinations were evaluated.Results: By evaluating antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum, which is a major causative fungus for several types of dermatophytosis, we confirmed that ethanol extracts were more active than hot-water extracts in 25 of the 36 TOMs, suggesting that the constituents with high hydrophobicity tend to contribute significantly to fungistatic activity.We selected four TOMs with high fungistatic activity, including Aucklandiae radix, Gentianae macrophyllae radix, Scutellariae radix, and Galla rhois, and their synergistic effects were investigated through the combination studies between TOMs or TOM-conventional drug terbinafine.In combinations between four TOMs, partial synergistic effects were observed in Aucklandiae radix–Galla rhois and Gentianae macrophyllae radix–Galla rhois combinations, as supported by the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.66 for both combinations.Furthermore, Galla rhois showed the strongest synergistic effect on growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrumwith a fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.50 in combination with terbinafine.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the combination of TOMs and TOM-terbinafine may be effective on treatment for chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis by improving fungistatic activity and led to decrease systemic toxicity in clinical practice.

Majocchi’s granuloma caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection with hyaluronic acid:A case report

BACKGROUND Facial cosmetic procedures become popular for people with a desire to have a younger appearance,and cosmetic technology has developed rapidly over the past several decades.However,increasing complications related to cosmetic injections have been reported,and infection is one of the most serious problems and can cause anxiety and facial injury.We here report a case of Majocchi’s granuloma(MG)caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection of hyaluronic acid.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a history of red papules,nodules,and abscesses on her left zygomatic arch for 2 mo.She had received a cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid on the left side of her face prior to the appearance of the lesions.MG caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection of hyaluronic acid was diagnosed based on morphology and molecular biological identification.In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 method.Minimal inhibitory concentrations were used to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility.The antifungal agents and their minimal inhibitory concentrations for the strain were terbinafine(<0.5μg/mL),itraconazole(0.06μg/mL),amphotericin B(0.25μg/mL),fluconazole(32μg/mL),voriconazole(0.125μg/mL),posaconazole(0.125μg/mL),and isavuconazole(0.06μg/mL).We initially administered 250 mg/d oral terbinafine for 2 mo,but the patient still had painful papules,nodules and abscesses on her face.Then,we adjusted the treatment to itraconazole 400 mg/d for 8 wk based on the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing results.The skin lesions improved significantly,and there was no recurrence during follow-up.CONCLUSION This case revealed that facial injection of hyaluronic acid may cause serious MG.Antifungal susceptibility testing should be considered in the treatment of MG caused by Trichophyton rubrum.

A Trichophyton Rubrum Infection Model Based on the Reconstructed Human Epidermis - Episkin

Background： Trichophyton rubrum represents the most common infectious fungus responsible for dermatophytosis in human, but the mechanism involved is still not completely understood. An appropriate model constructed to simulate host infection is the prerequisite to study the pathogenesis of dernlatophytosis caused by T.. rubrum. In this study, we intended to develop a new T. rubrum infection model in vitro, using the three-dimensional reconstructed epidermis - EpiSkin, and to pave the way for further investigation of the mechanisms involved in T. rubrum infection. Methods： The reconstructed human epidermis （RHE） was infected by inoculating low-dose （400 conidia） and high-dose （4000 conidia） T. rubrum conidia to optimize the infection dose. During the various periods after infection, the samples were processed for pathological examination and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation. Results： The histological analysis of RHE revealed a fully differentiated epidermis with a functional stratum corneum, which was analogous to the normal human epidermis. The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining and the periodic acid-Schiff staining showed that the infection dose of 400 conidia was in accord with the pathological characteristics of host dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum. SEM observations further exhibited the process of 77 ruhrum infection in an intuitionistic way, Conclusions： We established the T. rubrum infection model on RHE in vitro successfully. It is a promising model fbr further investigation of the mechanisms involved in T. rubrum infection.

Analysis of part of the Trichophyton rubrum ESTs

Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is the most common of the superficial fungi. In an effort to better understand the genetic and biochemical makeup of T. rubrum, we generated cDNA libraries from 3 growth stages and used these to isolate 4002 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Sequence comparisons with the Genbank database allowed 1226 of the ESTs to be assigned putative functions or matched with homologs from other organisms. Of the remaining ESTs, 989 were only weakly similar to known sequences and 1787 had no identifiable functions, suggesting that they represent novel genes. We further analyzed the presence of several im-portant genes involved in the growth, metabolism, signal transduction, pathogenesis and drug resistance in T. rubrum. This information was used to newly elucidate important metabolic path-ways in T. rubrum. Taken together, our results should form the molecular basis for continued re-search on the physiological processes and pathogenic mechanisms of T. rubrum, and may lead to a better understanding of fungal drug resistance and identification of new drug targets.

Antifungal Activity of Aspidin BB from Dryopteris fragrans against Trichophyton rubrum Involved Inhibition of Ergosterol Biosynthesis

Objectives Aspidin BB, a typical phloroglucinol derivative from Dryopteris fragrans, possesses significant antifungal property. This study aimed to investigate potential mechanism of antifungal activity of Aspidin BB against Trichophyton rubrum which is the most common pathogens responsible for chronic dermatophytosis. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） ofAspidin BB against strains was determined by broth microdilution. The effects of Aspidin BB on ergosterol biosynthesis were investigated by content determination based on UPLC method. Besides, the effects of drugs on squalene epoxidase （SE） in T. rubrum cell membrane were analyzed. Results MIC value of Aspidin BB against T. rubrum was 25.0 IJg/mL. Aspidin BB reduced ergosterol content significantly, but no notable effect on squalene epoxidase activity. Conclusion The results suggested that Aspidin BB inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis. However, it was not squalene epoxidase but other components may sever as possible targets in ergosterol biosynthesis pathway.

Comparison of a glucose consumption based method with the CLSI M38-A method for testing antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Background The prevalence of dermatophytoses and the development of new antifungal agents has focused interest on susceptibility tests of dermatophytes. The method used universally for susceptibility tests of dermatophytes was published as document （M38-A） in 2002 by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute （CLSI）, dealing with the standardization of susceptibility tests in filamentous fungi, though not including dermatophytes especially. However, it is not a very practical method for the clinical laboratory in routine susceptibility testing. In this test, we developed a novel rapid susceptibility assay --glucose consumption method （GCM） for dermatophytes. Methods In this study, we investigated the antifungal susceptibilities of dermatophytes to itraconazole （ITC）, voriconazole （VOC）, econazole nitrate （ECN） and terbinafine （TBF） by glucose consumption method （GCM）, in comparison to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute （CLSI） M38-A method. Twenty-eight dermatophyte isolates, including Trichophyton rubrum （T. rubrum） （n=-14） and Trichophyton mentagrophytes （T. mentagrophytes） （n=-14）, were tested. In the GCM, the minimum inhibitory concentrations （MICs） were determined spectrophotometrically at 490 nm after addition of enzyme substrate color mix. For the CLSI method, the MICs were determined visually. Results Comparison revealed best agreement for TBF against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, since MIC range, MIC50, and MIC90 were identical from two methods. However, for ITC and VOC, GCM showed wider MIC ranges and higher MICs than CLSI methods in most isolates. For ECN against T. rubrum, high MICs were tested by GCM （0.125-16 pg/ml） but not M38-A method （0.5-1 IJg/ml）. The overall agreements for all isolates between the two methods within one dilution and two dilutions for ITC, VOC, ECN and TBF was 53.6% and 75.0%, 57.1% and 75.0%, 82.1% and 89.3%, and 85.7 and 85.7%, respectively. Conclusion Measurement of glucose uptake can predict the susceptibility of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes to ECN and TBF.

Exposure to heat-inactivated Trichophyton rubrum resulting in a limited immune response of human keratinocytes

Background Trichophyton rubrum （T. rubrum） represents the most important agent of dermatophytosis in humans. T. rubrum infection causes slight inflammation, and tends to be chronic and recurrent. It is suggested that it may result from the failure of epithelial cells to recognize T. rubrum effectively and initiate effective immune responses. The C-type lectin receptors （CLR） and toll-like receptors （TLR） are the two major pattern recognition receptors （PRRs） that recognize fungal components. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the expression of those PRRs and the cytokines in HaCaT cells stimulated with heat-inactivated T. rubrum conidia and hyphae, respectively. Methods HaCaT cells were unstimulated or stimulated with heat-inactivated T. rubrum conidia and hyphae （l×106 and 1.5×105 colony-forming unit （CFU） in 2 ml medium, respectively） for 6, 12 and 24 hours. The mRNA expression of PRRs involved in recognizing fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs） and signaling molecules were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Meanwhile, surface toll-like receptor （TLR） 2, TLR4 and Dectin-1 were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter （FACS） 24 hours after treatment. The cytokines were detected in cell culture supernatants of HaCaT cells in 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Results HaCaT cells constitutively expressed mRNA of membrane-bound TLR1,2, 4 and 6, Dectinl and DC-SIGN, but not Dectin-2 or Mincle. Heat-killed T. rubrum did not significantly upregulate gene transcriptions of the PRRs of HaCaT cells. Heat-inactivated T. rubrum conidia significantly reduced the surface expression of TLR2 and Dectin-1, and suppressed the secretions of interferon-inducible protein-10 （IP-10） and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） of HaCaT cells, while heat-killed T. rubrum hyphae significantly induced the secretions of IP-10 and MCP-I. Conclusion The cell-wall antigens of T. rubrum fail to activate transcriptional expression of PRRs and induce a lower immune response of HaCaT cells by limited cytokines secretion.

Comparison between gene expression of conidia and germinating phase in Trichophyton rubrum

Trichophyton rubrum is a dominating superficial dermatophyte, whose conidial germination is corre- lated to pathopoiesis and a highly important developmental process. To investigate the changes of physiology, biochemistry and cytology during the germination, we selected 3364 function identified ESTs from T. rubrum cDNA library to construct cDNA microarrays, and compared the gene expression levels of conidia and germinating phase. Data analysis indicated that 335 genes were up-regulated during the germination, which mainly encoded translated, modified proteins and structural proteins. The constituents of cell wall and cell membrane were synthetized abundantly, suggesting that they are the foundation of cell morphogenesis. The ingredients of the two-component signal transduction sys- tem were up-regulated, presuming that they were important for the conidial germination. Genes of various metabolic pathways were expressed prosperously, especially the genes that participated in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were up-regulated on the whole, demonstrating that in the environment with sufficient oxygen and glucose, conidia obtained energy through aerobic respiration. This paper provides important clues which are helpful to understanding the changes in gene expres- sion, signal conduction and metabolism characteristics during T. rubrum conidial germination, and possess significant meaning to the study of other superficial dermatophytes.

Global transcriptional profiles of Trichophyton rubrum in response to Flucytosine

Trichophyton rubrum (T.rubrum) is one of the most common human fungal pathogens that cause chronic infections of the skin and nails. To identify antifungal responsive genes, cDNA microarray analysis was performed for T. rubrum to reveal global transcriptional profiles of drug-specific responses to 5-Flucytosine (5-FC). cDNA microarray was constructed from the T. rubrum expressed sequence tag (ESTs) database, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5-FC was determined, and microarray hybridization and data analysis were applied. The expression pattern of 7 genes observed by microarray was confirmed by the quantitative real-time reverser transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data analysis indicated that a total of 474 genes were found differentially expressed, 196 showed an increase in expression and 278 showed a decrease in expression. Marked down-regulation of genes involved in nucleotide metabolism (such as CDC21), transcription (such as E2F1), and RNA processing (such as SGN1, RIM4 and NOP1) was observed. Other genes involved in signal transduction, chaperones, inorganic ion transport, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, amino acid transport, lipid transport and potential drug resistance mechanism were also affected by 5-FC. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR of the selected genes confirmed the reliability of the microarray results. This is the first analysis of transcriptional profiles in response to 5-FC for T. rubrum. The findings may be valuable for the identification of genes involved in mechanisms of action and mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance of 5-FC.

Global gene expression profiles for the growth phases of Trichophyton rubrum

Trichophyton rubrum (T.rubrum) is a common superficial fungus.Molecular and genetic studies of T.rubrum are still limited.In this paper,we report the global analysis of gene expression profiles at different growth phases using cDNA microarray technology.A total of 2044 differentially expressed genes were obtained and clustered into three expression patterns.Our data confirmed previous results that many mRNAs were pre-stored in the conidia of T.rubrum.Transcriptional profiling and function analysis showed that some glycolytic enzymes share similar expression patterns and may be coregulated during the transition of growth phases.Some genes involved in small GTPase signaling pathways,and in cAMP-dependent and MAPK regulation pathways were induced in response to the growth dynamics of T.rubrum.Although the detailed biological roles of these T.rubrum genes are still unknown,our results suggest that these genes may be involved in regulation mechanisms in the life cycle of the fungus.

侧柏叶抗红色毛癣菌主要活性成分α-蒎烯以ERG-3为靶点发挥抗真菌作用

红色毛癣菌(Trichophyton rubrum,T.rubrum)是皮肤癣最主要病原;侧柏叶(Cacumen Platycladi)是侧柏[Platycladus orientali s(L.)Franco]的干燥嫩枝梢及叶,被《苗族医学》收录用于治疗皮肤癣。本研究旨在探讨侧柏叶抗T.rubrum的主要活性物质及其抗真菌机制,为抗皮肤癣新药研发提供帮助。本研究通过测定最小抑菌浓度和孢子萌发率分析了侧柏叶活性物质对T.rubrum的抑菌活性,使用电镜观察T.rubrum菌丝形态和孢子超微结构,并检测侧柏叶活性物质对T.rubrum细胞膜通透性、完整性和麦角甾醇含量的影响,从而阐述侧柏叶活性物质对T.rubrum抑菌机理,最后采用GC-MS和qRT-PCR方法找到其抗T.rubrum的作用靶点。结果显示,侧柏叶石油醚部位的α-蒎烯为主要抗菌活性成分,MIC为32μg·mL^(-1),极显著抑制孢子萌发(P<0.01);α-蒎烯可致细胞膜发生明显损伤和内容物流出、通透性极显著增加(P<0.01)以及24 h内细胞膜中麦角甾醇和24(28)脱氢麦角甾醇含量显著下降(P<0.05);引起脂质色谱图中ERG3活性抑制相关的“麦角甾烷-7,24-二烯-3β-醇”色谱峰出现;可极显著降低ERG3的相对表达量(P<0.01)。结果表明,α-蒎烯是侧柏叶中发挥抗T.rubrum活性最主要成分且以ERG3为其抗真菌靶点。

伴窦道形成的Majocchi肉芽肿

报告1例伴窦道形成的Majocchi肉芽肿。患者男,42岁。左小腿多发红斑及溃疡伴瘙痒2个月余。皮肤科检查:左小腿见边界欠清的水肿性红斑,表面有2处浅表性溃疡,直径分别约1mm和5mm。溃疡下方伴窦道形成,挤压窦道口可见清亮的渗出液。窦道周围皮肤见粟粒大红色丘疹、丘疱疹及水疱,疱壁薄,疱液清亮,部分破溃伴渗出。皮损组织病理:真皮内可见毛囊周围炎,真皮全层混合炎症细胞、组织细胞及多核巨细胞浸润,并伴上皮样细胞肉芽肿形成。过碘酸希夫染色可见孢子及菌丝。窦道渗出液直接镜检:见菌丝。窦道渗出液真菌培养:可见表面白色,背面浅红色羊毛样菌落。分子生物学鉴定:红色毛癣菌。诊断:红色毛癣菌致Majocchi肉芽肿。予伊曲康唑口服,疗效佳,随访至今未复发。

牛尾独活叶抗红色毛癣菌活性成分研究

为了解牛尾独活叶的抗红色毛癣菌活性,以抑菌圈大小为考察指标,对比了牛尾独活不同部位、其它独活品种和常见的抗红色毛癣菌植物之间的差异,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化牛尾独活叶提取工艺,并对牛尾独活叶提取液进行溶剂萃取和化学成分预试分析。研究结果表明:伞形科不同属植物的抗红色毛癣菌活性具有差异性,牛尾独活具有较好的抑菌活性,其叶、种子、茎和根的抑菌活性差异不大。牛尾独活叶最佳抗红色毛癣菌活性的提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数25%、液料比15∶1(mL∶g)、超声波功率220 W、提取温度80℃、提取时间30 min,在此工艺条件下,牛尾独活叶提取液对红色毛癣菌的抑菌圈为(22±0.2)mm;牛尾独活叶提取液中抑菌成分均能较好地溶解在石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇中,其中,石油醚萃取液抑菌效果最好;化学成分预试显示牛尾独活叶具有抗红色毛癣菌的活性成分可能是多酚类和黄酮类化合物。

含中药提取物的足部护理喷雾开发研究

目的:开发含中药提取物的足部护理喷雾产品,并测试产品的抑菌功效和使用安全性。方法:采用琼脂平板稀释法测定32味中药的成分对红色毛癣菌的体外抑制活性及抑菌MIC测试,筛选出具有抑菌效果的中药提取物,制备喷雾并对其进行性能测试、抑菌效果和安全性评价。结果:20种中药提取物能够抑制红色毛癣菌生长,虎杖和粉防己提取物具有较强的抑制红色毛癣菌活力,其MIC值为0.0625 g/mL,喷雾配方中虎杖和粉防己提取物添加量各为5%,能够有效抑制红色毛癣菌生长,经过鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜刺激性测试,证明产品无刺激。结论:足部护理喷雾产品能够有效抑制红色毛癣菌生长,且温和不刺激,为中药提取物在足部护理产品的综合应用提供了依据。

浅部真菌病668例病原菌种类分析

目的分析我地区浅部真菌病致病菌及菌种构成情况。方法通过对近2年我院浅部真菌病患者临床送检标本进行直接镜检、培养及真菌鉴定,鉴定到种。结果 1 600份临床送检标本,668份直接涂片镜检阳性,阳性率41.75%,其中甲真菌病214例、体癣176例、足癣166例、手癣78例;将阳性标本进行真菌培养,共培养分离207株致病菌,培养阳性率30.98%,其中红色毛癣菌居首位,须癣毛癣菌第2位,犬小孢子菌居第3位。结论河南地区浅部真菌病主要为甲真菌病、体癣、足癣,致病菌种以红色毛癣菌为主。

广州地区甲真菌病致病真菌的变迁趋势研究

目的 为了解广州地区甲真菌病的致病菌种分布情况。方法 笔者采用真菌培养法对临床症状典型或镜检阳性的甲真菌病病甲进行培养。结果 分离出致病真菌 6 18株 ,其中皮肤癣菌 4 17株 ,占 6 7 5 % ,酵母菌14 9株 ,占 2 3 8% ,霉菌 5 4株 ,占 8 7%。结论 广州地区的甲真菌病的致病菌除皮肤癣菌外 ,酵母菌 ,霉菌也占一定的比例 。

盐酸小檗碱联合抗真菌药物对红色毛癣菌的体外药敏实验

目的观察盐酸小檗碱联合不同浓度抗真菌药物对红色毛癣菌的体外抗菌活性。方法参照美国临床实验室标准化研究所(CLSI)颁布的M38-A2方案和相关文献对临床分离的30株红色毛癣菌进行体外药敏实验。其中盐酸小檗碱的MIC值定义为与生长对照相比,肉眼观察出现80%生长抑制的最低药物浓度。采用分数抑菌浓度(FIC)评定两药联合效果。FIC≤0.5,两药为协同作用;0.5<FIC≤4,两药为无关作用;FIC>4,两药为拮抗作用。结果盐酸小檗碱和不同浓度伊曲康唑联合,主要为无关作用。盐酸小檗碱和不同浓度特比奈芬、伏立康唑联合,均为拮抗作用。16.0μg/mL氟康唑组与盐酸小檗碱联合时FIC≤0.5所占比例为83.33%,协同作用最强;2.0～8.0μg/mL卡泊芬净组与盐酸小檗碱联合时,FIC≤0.5所占比例最高,均为63.33%,协同作用最强,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论盐酸小檗碱与高浓度氟康唑、卡泊芬净联合,体外对红色毛癣菌有较强的协同作用。

红色毛癣菌对人角质形成细胞模式识别受体TLR-2,TLR-4,Dectin-1表达及细胞因子分泌的影响

目的研究红色毛癣菌对人角质形成细胞模式识别受体TLR-2,TLR-4,Dectin-1表达及细胞因子分泌的影响,探讨角质形成细胞对红色毛癣菌的免疫应答及其机制。方法红色毛癣菌孢子与人永生化表皮细胞株HaCaT细胞共培养,采用Real time PCR检测共培养后HaCaT细胞TLR-2,TLR-4,Dectin-1mRNA的表达情况;采用流式细胞技术检测共培养后不同时间段HaCaT细胞TLR-2,TLR-4及Dectin-1平均荧光强度;采用蛋白芯片抗体阵列检测共培养上清液中36种不同的细胞因子,趋化因子和急性时相蛋白的表达情况。结果共培养6 h后,TLR-2,TLR-4,Dectin-1mRNA表达上调;共培养量明24显h增后加TL。R结-2,论T L人R角-4,质D形ec成tin细-1胞平对均红荧色光毛强癣度菌增的高免,细疫胞识因别子和I应L-答8,,I在-30一9,定IF程N-度γ,上IL可-6通,IL过-1上3调在红Ha色Ca毛T癣细菌胞刺中激模后式分识泌别受体TLR-2,TLR-4及Dectin-1后分泌多种细胞因子来实现。

天津地区浅部真菌病及致病病原菌分析

目的分析天津地区浅部真菌病和病原菌的流行趋势。方法选取2006年12月—2007年12月间来皮肤科门诊就诊的病人,取患处皮屑、毛发、指(趾)甲等标本以KOH涂片进行显微镜下检查,镜检阳性者列入统计资料。使用SPSS13.0统计软件对于结果进行统计分析。结果列入分析的10011例浅部真菌病,其中股癣占据首位,共4370例,占总数43.7%;其次为体癣1909例,占总数19.1%;分离出病原真菌7100例。包括红色毛癣菌5045株(71.0%),占第1位,其次为马拉色菌,共594株(8.4%)。结论天津地区浅部真菌病及病原菌的分布大体符合国内流行趋势,但具备自身特点。

脓癣201例病原菌分布及流行病学分析

目的了解武汉市及其周边地区脓癣病原菌分布情况。方法回顾性分析2000年1月-2011年12月本科门诊及住院脓癣患者的病例资料,并对国内同期正式发表的文献资料进行汇总和比较。结果 201例脓癣患者中,男70例,女131例;年龄4个月～89岁;2.5～10岁占64.68%。主要病原菌:紫色毛癣菌62株(30.85%)、犬小孢子菌46株(22.89%)和须癣毛癣菌43株(21.39%)。其中,亲人性皮肤癣菌95株(47.26%)、亲动物性皮肤癣菌89株(44.28%)、亲土性皮肤癣菌17株(8.46%)。2006-2011年与2000-2005年相比,紫色毛癣菌检出率显著升高,石膏样小孢子菌检出率显著降低。>18岁组的亲人性皮肤癣菌比例显著高于各儿童组,<10岁组的亲动物性皮肤癣菌比例显著高于各成人组。国内同期报道脓癣552例,主要为犬小孢子菌(38.95%)、须癣毛癣菌(29.71%)和红色毛癣菌(14.49%)感染。结论脓癣病原菌分布有显著的年龄特征,武汉地区脓癣的亲动物性皮肤癣菌比例显著低于国内各地区,而亲人性皮肤癣菌比例显著高于国内各地区;并以紫色毛癣菌为首要致病菌。