This paper developed a sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and Methyl-triclosan (MTCS) determination in environmental water, which involves enrichment by using silicon dio...This paper developed a sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and Methyl-triclosan (MTCS) determination in environmental water, which involves enrichment by using silicon dioxide/polystyrene composite microspheres solid-phase extraction and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS. The influence of several operational parameters, including the eluant and its volume, the flow rate and acidity of water sample were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 1.0 ng/L, 2.5 and 4.5 ng/L for TCC, TCS, and MTCS, respectively. The linearity of the method was observed in the range of 5-2000 ng/L, with correlation coefficients (r2) >.99. The spiked recoveries of TCC, TCS and MTCS in water sampleswereachieved in the range of 89.5% -96.8% with RSD below 5.7%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze real water samples and satisfactory results were achieved.展开更多
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to ...Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to humans and animals. In this research, the biodegradation of TCS and TCC was investigated during sewage sludge composting with ventilation rates of 10& 92, and 79 m^3/min. TCS and TCC were mainly biodegraded in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, and the biodegradation rates improved with an increase in ventilation. After sewage sludge was composted for 16 days with forced ventilation (108 m^3/min), the concentration of TCS decreased from 497.4 to 214.5 μg/kg, and the concentration of TCC decreased from 823.2 to 172.7 μg/kg. The biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were 65.2% and 83.1%, respectively. However, after the sewage sludge was stacked for 16 days, the biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were only 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The environmental risks of TCS and TCC in the sewage sludge piles significantly decreased after composting. In the sludge pile with a ventilation rate of 108 m/min, the RQ values of TCS and TCC decreased from 8.29 and 20.58 to 3.58 and 4.32 after composting for 16 days, respectively. There is still a high risk if the sludge compost is directly used as a culture substrate. Nevertheless, the environmental risk could be decreased distinctly if a reasonable quantity of sludge compost is applied to land to ensure an RQ of< 1 for TCS and TCC.展开更多
Triclosan and triclocarban are industrial chemicals that are frequently added into consumer and personal care products.Information on the levels on these compounds in water systems in the African continent is still ve...Triclosan and triclocarban are industrial chemicals that are frequently added into consumer and personal care products.Information on the levels on these compounds in water systems in the African continent is still very scarce.In the present study,the occurrence,seasonal variation,and estimated removal of TCS and TCC in six different wastewater treatment plants in Gauteng Province,South Africa,were investigated over a period of two years,together with effluent receiving river water.The instrumental analysis was carried out using Shimadzu LCMS/MS 8030,employing negative electrospray ionization.Both target compounds were ubiquitously detected with influent and raw sludge having elevated concentrations.Generally,TCS concentrations were higher than those of TCC.The concentrations obtained for TCS were(influent,2.01e17.6 mg/L;effluent,0.990e13.0 mg/L;river,0.880e8.72 mg/L;raw sludge,3.65e15.0 mg/kg;treated sludge,2.08e7.81 mg/kg and biosolids,2.16e13.5 mg/kg);while TCC levels were obtained to be(influent,0.0860e2.84 mg/L;effluent,<LOD-1.89 mg/L;river,nd-0.360 mg/L;raw sludge,3.65e11.8 mg/kg;treated sludge,1.21e9.19 mg/kg;biosolids,2.59e8.23 mg/kg).Occurrence of TCS in wastewater was found to be influenced by temporal changes.This was not the case for occurrence of TCS and TCC in sludge samples.Similar to their environmental occurrence,the estimated treatment efficiencies also varied across the wastewater treatments plants,with the highest elimination rates of 63%and 97%for TCS and TCC,respectively.展开更多
文摘This paper developed a sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and Methyl-triclosan (MTCS) determination in environmental water, which involves enrichment by using silicon dioxide/polystyrene composite microspheres solid-phase extraction and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS. The influence of several operational parameters, including the eluant and its volume, the flow rate and acidity of water sample were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 1.0 ng/L, 2.5 and 4.5 ng/L for TCC, TCS, and MTCS, respectively. The linearity of the method was observed in the range of 5-2000 ng/L, with correlation coefficients (r2) >.99. The spiked recoveries of TCC, TCS and MTCS in water sampleswereachieved in the range of 89.5% -96.8% with RSD below 5.7%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze real water samples and satisfactory results were achieved.
文摘三氯生(triclosan,TCS)和三氯卡班(triclocarban,TCC)是2种高效广谱抗菌剂,均具有胚胎毒性、内分泌干扰性和生殖毒性,并可能引发癌症、DNA损伤和不良妊娠结局等,是目前一类广泛关注的新污染物。美国食品与药品监督管理局(US FDA)于2016年已禁止含有TCS和TCC等抑菌剂的非处方抗菌洗浴产品进入市场,而目前在我国其为化妆品准用防腐剂,允许限量使用,且皂类产品不在限制范围内。TCS和TCC作为新兴的外源性化学污染物能够随生活污水的排放进入自然环境,对我国本土水生生物、生态安全和人身健康构成了潜在威胁。为探究TCS和TCC对我国本土鱼种稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)长期暴露及4个不同发育阶段(胚胎期、卵黄囊吸收阶段、仔鱼及幼鱼阶段)的毒性效应,本研究将稀有鮈鲫的受精卵暴露于TCS和TCC中,直至孵化后60 d(60 days post hatch,60 dph),试验过程中监测胚胎期的孵化率,卵黄囊吸收阶段、仔鱼及幼鱼阶段的成活率,长期暴露过程中的生长情况、性分化及内分泌干扰效应等多个指标。研究结果显示,在胚胎期,6.25~100μg·L^(-1)的TCS和0.938~15μg·L^(-1)的TCC对稀有鮈鲫的胚胎孵化率没有显著的毒性效应。在仔鱼阶段,6.25~100μg·L^(-1)的TCS和0.938~15μg·L^(-1)的TCC暴露组30 dph成活率的最高无可观察效应浓度分别为100μg·L^(-1)和0.938μg·L^(-1),根据我国国家标准,TCC对水生环境的危害可判定为长期慢性类别1,而TCS由于试验中的最高浓度未达到1 mg·L^(-1),无法作出明确的判断,但能判断其对水生环境的危害为非长期慢性类别1。在幼鱼阶段,6.25~100μg·L^(-1)的TCS和0.938~15μg·L^(-1)的TCC均对雌性及雄性稀有鮈鲫体内卵黄蛋白原具有一定的诱导作用,但在性分化上没有显著影响。在胚后发育过程中,通过长期暴露,6.25~100μg·L^(-1)的TCS对稀有鮈鲫体质量有显著毒性效应,随TCS浓度的升高,稀有鮈鲫体质量逐渐降低,TCS对稀有鮈鲫体质量具有抑制作用;0.938~15μg·L^(-1)的TCC对稀有鮈鲫体质量及体长等生长均无显著影响。此外,研究发现稀有鮈鲫在不同发育阶段的毒性效应存在差异,稀有鮈鲫胚胎期的耐受力明显高于胚后发育阶段,卵黄囊吸收阶段及仔鱼阶段的耐受力低于幼鱼阶段。可见,当更多的生命阶段被包括在一个测试中,能够通过较少的试验动物,获得较多的毒性终点,且测试中不同生命阶段的毒性效应来自同一批试验动物,使不同生命阶段的试验结果更具可比性。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41371455 & 41101463).
文摘Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to humans and animals. In this research, the biodegradation of TCS and TCC was investigated during sewage sludge composting with ventilation rates of 10& 92, and 79 m^3/min. TCS and TCC were mainly biodegraded in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, and the biodegradation rates improved with an increase in ventilation. After sewage sludge was composted for 16 days with forced ventilation (108 m^3/min), the concentration of TCS decreased from 497.4 to 214.5 μg/kg, and the concentration of TCC decreased from 823.2 to 172.7 μg/kg. The biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were 65.2% and 83.1%, respectively. However, after the sewage sludge was stacked for 16 days, the biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were only 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The environmental risks of TCS and TCC in the sewage sludge piles significantly decreased after composting. In the sludge pile with a ventilation rate of 108 m/min, the RQ values of TCS and TCC decreased from 8.29 and 20.58 to 3.58 and 4.32 after composting for 16 days, respectively. There is still a high risk if the sludge compost is directly used as a culture substrate. Nevertheless, the environmental risk could be decreased distinctly if a reasonable quantity of sludge compost is applied to land to ensure an RQ of< 1 for TCS and TCC.
基金offered to RF Lehutso by the Department of Science and Technology(South Africa)while undertaking her postgraduate studies(Project grant number:DST/CON 0055/2014).
文摘Triclosan and triclocarban are industrial chemicals that are frequently added into consumer and personal care products.Information on the levels on these compounds in water systems in the African continent is still very scarce.In the present study,the occurrence,seasonal variation,and estimated removal of TCS and TCC in six different wastewater treatment plants in Gauteng Province,South Africa,were investigated over a period of two years,together with effluent receiving river water.The instrumental analysis was carried out using Shimadzu LCMS/MS 8030,employing negative electrospray ionization.Both target compounds were ubiquitously detected with influent and raw sludge having elevated concentrations.Generally,TCS concentrations were higher than those of TCC.The concentrations obtained for TCS were(influent,2.01e17.6 mg/L;effluent,0.990e13.0 mg/L;river,0.880e8.72 mg/L;raw sludge,3.65e15.0 mg/kg;treated sludge,2.08e7.81 mg/kg and biosolids,2.16e13.5 mg/kg);while TCC levels were obtained to be(influent,0.0860e2.84 mg/L;effluent,<LOD-1.89 mg/L;river,nd-0.360 mg/L;raw sludge,3.65e11.8 mg/kg;treated sludge,1.21e9.19 mg/kg;biosolids,2.59e8.23 mg/kg).Occurrence of TCS in wastewater was found to be influenced by temporal changes.This was not the case for occurrence of TCS and TCC in sludge samples.Similar to their environmental occurrence,the estimated treatment efficiencies also varied across the wastewater treatments plants,with the highest elimination rates of 63%and 97%for TCS and TCC,respectively.
文摘目的建立分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水果中三氯生及三氯卡班残留的新方法。方法样品采用乙腈溶液涡旋超声提取后,加入十八烷基键合硅胶吸附剂(C18)作为分散固相萃取净化剂进行净化(200mg),用高效液相色谱法在278 nm处测定,采用PICKERING C8色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm i.d.,5μm),以甲醇:水(78:22,V:V)的溶液为流动相等度洗脱,流速1.2 m L/min。结果在最优检测条件下,各目标化合物的加标回收率为72.9%~104.4%,相对标准偏差在2.1%~9.1%之间。三氯生及三氯卡班的检出限分别为0.05和0.02 mg/kg,定量限分别为0.15和0.06 mg/kg。结论该方法分析快速、简便,适用于水果中三氯生及三氯卡班的测定。
