Industries that suitable for cluster innovation are often intensive in knowledge and technology, with high capital agglomeration; closely interact and corporate with each other through resources sharing. Its developme...Industries that suitable for cluster innovation are often intensive in knowledge and technology, with high capital agglomeration; closely interact and corporate with each other through resources sharing. Its development is depend on many factors, such as technical reliability, human resources, its own growth potential, competition, market prospects, and the government policies, etc.. Aimed at clarifying the path selection mechanism of cluster innovation, this paper first analyze the connotation of cluster innovation and its inside factors＇ bonding relationship, then exploring the triggers and path forming dimensions of cluster innovation. Finally, it builds a path-selection model on cluster innovation, and discusses the characteristics of each side.展开更多
Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the...Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the characteristics of triggering factors for avalanche activity in this region to improve road safety and the management of natural hazards. Based on the observation of avalanche activity along the national road G218 in the western Tianshan Mountains, avalanche event data in combination with meteorological, snowpack and earthquake data were collected and analyzed. The snow climate of the mountain range was examined using a recently developed snow climate classification scheme, and triggering conditions of snow avalanche in different snow climate regions were compared. The results show that snowfall is the most common triggering factor for a natural avalanche and there is high probability of avalanche release with snowfall exceeding 20.4 mm during a snowfall period. Consecutive rise in temperature within three days and daily mean temperature reaching 0.5℃ in the following day imply a high probability of temperaturerise-triggered avalanche release. Earthquakes have a significant impact on the formation of large size avalanches in the area. For the period 2011-2017, five cases were identified as a consequence of earthquake with magnitudes of 3.3≤M_L≤5.1 and source-to-site distances of 19~139 km. The Tianshan Mountains are characterized by a continental snow climate with lower snow density, lower snow shear strength and high proportion depth hoar, which explains that both the snowfall and temperature for triggering avalanche release in the continental snow climate of the Tianshan Mountains are lower than that in maritime snow climate and transitional snow climate regions. The findings help forecast avalanche release for mitigating avalanche disaster and assessing the risk of avalanche disaster.展开更多
The Safety of The Intended Functionality(SOTIF)challenge represents the triggering condition by elements of a specific scenario and exposes the function limitation of an autonomous vehicle(AV),which leads to hazards.A...The Safety of The Intended Functionality(SOTIF)challenge represents the triggering condition by elements of a specific scenario and exposes the function limitation of an autonomous vehicle(AV),which leads to hazards.As for operationcontent-related features,the scenario is similar to AVs’SOTIF research and development.Therefore,scenario generation is a significant topic for SOTIF verification and validation procedure,especially in the simulation testing of AVs.Thus,in this paper,a well-designed scenario architecture is first defined,with comprehensive scenario elements,to present SOTIF trigger conditions.Then,considering complex traffic disturbance as trigger conditions,a novel SOTIF scenario generation method is developed.An indicator,also known as Scenario Potential Risk,is defined as the combination of the safety control intensity and the prior collision probability.This indicator helps identify critical scenarios in the proposed method.In addition,the corresponding vehicle motion models are established for general straight roads,curved roads,and safety assessment areas.As for the traffic participants’motion model,it is designed to construct the key dynamic events.To efficiently search for critical scenarios with the trigger of complex traffic flow,this scenario is encoded as genes and it is regenerated through selection,mutation,and crossover iteration processes,known as the Genetic Algorithm(GA).Experimental results show that the GA-based method could efficiently construct diverse and critical traffic scenarios,contributing to the construction of the SOTIF scenario library.展开更多
文摘Industries that suitable for cluster innovation are often intensive in knowledge and technology, with high capital agglomeration; closely interact and corporate with each other through resources sharing. Its development is depend on many factors, such as technical reliability, human resources, its own growth potential, competition, market prospects, and the government policies, etc.. Aimed at clarifying the path selection mechanism of cluster innovation, this paper first analyze the connotation of cluster innovation and its inside factors＇ bonding relationship, then exploring the triggers and path forming dimensions of cluster innovation. Finally, it builds a path-selection model on cluster innovation, and discusses the characteristics of each side.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Science (Grant No.KFJSTSZDTP-015)the National Project of Investigation of Basic Resources for Science and Technology (Grant No.2017FY100501)the supports in field and laboratory work from the Tianshan Station for Snow cover and Avalanche Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the characteristics of triggering factors for avalanche activity in this region to improve road safety and the management of natural hazards. Based on the observation of avalanche activity along the national road G218 in the western Tianshan Mountains, avalanche event data in combination with meteorological, snowpack and earthquake data were collected and analyzed. The snow climate of the mountain range was examined using a recently developed snow climate classification scheme, and triggering conditions of snow avalanche in different snow climate regions were compared. The results show that snowfall is the most common triggering factor for a natural avalanche and there is high probability of avalanche release with snowfall exceeding 20.4 mm during a snowfall period. Consecutive rise in temperature within three days and daily mean temperature reaching 0.5℃ in the following day imply a high probability of temperaturerise-triggered avalanche release. Earthquakes have a significant impact on the formation of large size avalanches in the area. For the period 2011-2017, five cases were identified as a consequence of earthquake with magnitudes of 3.3≤M_L≤5.1 and source-to-site distances of 19~139 km. The Tianshan Mountains are characterized by a continental snow climate with lower snow density, lower snow shear strength and high proportion depth hoar, which explains that both the snowfall and temperature for triggering avalanche release in the continental snow climate of the Tianshan Mountains are lower than that in maritime snow climate and transitional snow climate regions. The findings help forecast avalanche release for mitigating avalanche disaster and assessing the risk of avalanche disaster.
基金the financial support of the National Science Foundation of China Project:U1964203 and 52072215National key R&D Program of China:2020YFB1600303.
文摘The Safety of The Intended Functionality(SOTIF)challenge represents the triggering condition by elements of a specific scenario and exposes the function limitation of an autonomous vehicle(AV),which leads to hazards.As for operationcontent-related features,the scenario is similar to AVs’SOTIF research and development.Therefore,scenario generation is a significant topic for SOTIF verification and validation procedure,especially in the simulation testing of AVs.Thus,in this paper,a well-designed scenario architecture is first defined,with comprehensive scenario elements,to present SOTIF trigger conditions.Then,considering complex traffic disturbance as trigger conditions,a novel SOTIF scenario generation method is developed.An indicator,also known as Scenario Potential Risk,is defined as the combination of the safety control intensity and the prior collision probability.This indicator helps identify critical scenarios in the proposed method.In addition,the corresponding vehicle motion models are established for general straight roads,curved roads,and safety assessment areas.As for the traffic participants’motion model,it is designed to construct the key dynamic events.To efficiently search for critical scenarios with the trigger of complex traffic flow,this scenario is encoded as genes and it is regenerated through selection,mutation,and crossover iteration processes,known as the Genetic Algorithm(GA).Experimental results show that the GA-based method could efficiently construct diverse and critical traffic scenarios,contributing to the construction of the SOTIF scenario library.
