Analysis of Genetic Relationship among Medicago sativa,Medicago falcate and Trigonella foenum-graecum Using ISSR

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic relationships among Medicago sativa,Medicago falcata and Trigonella foenum-graecum.[Method] ISSR technique was adopted to determine their genetic relationships.[Result] M.sativa,M.falcate and T.foenum-graecum had a broad genetic base.T.foenum-graecum shared closer relationship with M.falcata rather than M.sativa.The study on relationship between M.sativa and T.foenum-graecum was advantageous to identify disputable transition types.But a boundary should be found to identify species to be M.sativa or T.foenum-graecum.[Conclusion] This study will provide reference for identifying some disputable transition types.

基于网络药理学探究“葫芦巴-迷迭香”提取物治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的潜在作用机制及实验验证

(目的)利用网络药理学相关技术,分析中药“葫芦巴-迷迭香”提取物治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的潜在作用机制。(方法)构建活性物质、活性靶点和疾病相关靶点的网络药理图,通过网络分析阐释其作用机制。选取50只SD大鼠,随机分为空白组、Ⅱ型糖尿病模型组及“葫芦巴-迷迭香”提取物高、中、低剂量治疗组,每组10只。试剂盒检测大鼠血清中总甘油三脂、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清中白细胞介素IL-6、IL-2、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)表达情况。(结果)“葫芦巴-迷迭香”筛选得到56个活性成分及764个治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病潜在相关靶点。蛋白相互作用分析提示FGFR1、TNF、INSR、IL-6、MAPK14、JUN、PPARA、VEGFA、PTPN1、PTPN2、IGF1R、PTPN11为关键靶点。动物实验表明“葫芦巴-迷迭香”提取物给药中、高剂量组可显著降低血清中的甘油三酯和胆固醇,上调高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,下调低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,调节炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-2的含量,提高VEGF和EGF的表达。(结论)较为系统地解析了“葫芦巴-迷迭香”提取物治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的作用机制,为中医药治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病和中药新药的研发奠定了基础。

Ameliorative effects of standardized extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum L.seeds on painful peripheral neuropathy in rats

Objective:To evaluate the effects of the standardized extract of fenugreek(Trigonella foenumgraecum L.Family:Leguminasae) seed(IND01) in animal models of peripheral neuropathy. Methods:IND01 was prepared from fenugreek seeds and standardized by high performance liquid chromatography to a marker compound,trigonelline.The effects of daily oral administration of IND01(50,100 and 200 mg/kg) were studied in rats after partial sciatic nerve ligation(PSNL) and sciatic nerve crush injury(SNCI) during 30-days period.The measurements on thermal hyperalgesia(TH),motor function test(MFT) score and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were recorded.Results:IND01 offered sustained protection against TH and deranged MFT scores in both models from 7-day onwards.Fifteen days of daily oral administration of IND01 restored MNCV reduction in rats with SNCI but not with PSNL.Conclusions:IND01 was found to be effective in rat models of painful peripheral neuropathy.

Aqueous and organic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.inhibit the mycelia growth of fungi

Aqueous extracts from various plant parts of fenugreek(3%)(aerial parts:leaves and stems(LS),roots(R),ground seeds(GS)and not ground seeds(NGS))and petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of the aerial parts were assayed to determine their antifungal potential against Botrytis cinerea,Fusarium graminearum,Alternaria sp.,Pythium aphanidermatum,and Rhizoctinia solani.All fenugreek plant parts showed antifungal potential and the magnitude of their inhibitory effects was species and plant parts d...

Distribution, Enrichment and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>L. (Fenugreek) after Fertigation with Paper Mill Effluent

The aim of the study was to investigate distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in soil and Trigonella foenum-graecum (var. Pusa Early Bunching) after fertigation with paper mill effluent. Doses of paper mill effluent viz. 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were used for fertigation of T. foenum-graecum along with bore well water (control). The results revealed that paper mill effluent had significant (P +, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, TKN, PO3-4, SO2-4, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn of the soil in both seasons. Insignificant (P > 0.05) changes in WHC and bulk density of the soil were observed after irrigation with paper mill effluent. The agronomical performance of T. foenum-graecum was increased from 5% to 25% concentration and decreased from 50% to 100% concentration of paper mill effluent as compared to control in both seasons. The heavy metals concentration was increased in T. foenum-graecum from 5% to 100% concentrations of paper mill effluent in both seasons. Biochemical components like crude proteins, crude fiber and crude carbohydrates were found maximum with 25% paper mill effluent in both seasons. The enrichment factor (Ef) of various heavy metals was in order of Cd > Mn > Cr > Cu > Zn > Fe for soil and Mn > Cu > Cr > Cd > Zn > Fe for T. foenum-graecum plants after fertigation with paper mill effluent. Therefore, paper mill effluent can be used as a biofertigant after appropriate dilution to improve yield of T. foenum-graecum.

Ameliorative properties of Iranian Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds and Punica granatum L. peel extracts in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetic guinea pigs

Objective: To assess the ameliorative properties of Iranian Trigonella foenum-graecum L.(T. foenum-graecum) seeds and Punica granatum L.(P. granatum) peel extracts against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male guinea pigs.Methods: Sixty guinea pigs were divided into six groups(10 guinea pigs per group).Group 1 consisted of normal animals. Groups 2 and 3 were treated with Iranian T. foenum-graecum seeds and P. granatum peel extract alone, respectively. Group 4 was treated with streptozotocin only; whereas Groups 5 and 6 receiving streptozotocin were treated with Iranian T. foenum-graecum seeds and P. granatum peel extract, respectively.All animals were treated for 30 days, and the body weight, blood and liver biochemical parameters were measured.Results: Guinea pigs exposed to streptozotocin showed an alteration in body weight gain, fasting glucose level, kidney function parameters(blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) as well as decreased serum and hepatic total protein level. In addition, it increased the cholesterol and triglyceride level, while decreasing the hepatic glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity, glycogen, glutathione content and hepatic catalase activity. Oral treatment with T. foenum-graecum seeds and P. granatum peel extracts revealed significant protective properties with respect to body weight gain and other biochemical parameters studied.Conclusions: The Iranian T. foenum-graecum seeds and P. granatum peel extracts are significantly potent in ameliorating diabetic condition induced by streptozotocin and improving various biochemical parameters in serum and liver of guinea pigs.

The impact of cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet on seed germination and seedlings growth of fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum)

The effects of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (CAPPJ) were investigated on germination and early seedling growth of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) seeds. A two-electrode argon CAPPJ system with and without an additional grounded electrode [accelerating grounded (AG) electrode] was used at different exposure times. After 16 h of observation, the germination rates increased by 4 and 7 times, without and with using an AG electrode, respectively, for 1 min of plasma exposure. An increase in shoot fresh weight was observed, especially at 10 min exposure time. A high dry weight of root and shoot at 1 min-AG exposure time was observed. The root:shoot ratio was lower in plasma-treated seedlings, compared with the control plants. The study found that the O-radical emission line (777.4 nm) enhanced 5 times, due to the presence of an AG electrode, which increased the axial electric field and led to the formation of more streamers. The three stated effects (O-radicals, enhancement of the electric field and streamers) could be the cause for the stimulation of seed germination and seedling growth parameters when using the CAPPJ. The scanning electron microscope images showed the etching of the seed surface layers, which was more pronounced when an AG electrode was applied. The results of the current study indicate that the germination rates increased due to the increase of O-radical concentration and the etching of the seed surfaces.

OKRA (HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS) AND FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRACEUM) MUCILAGE:CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION AS FLOCCULANTS FOR TEXTILE EFFLUENT TREATMENTS

The use of new food grade polysaccharides (mucilage) obtained from Hibiscus esculentus and Trigonella foenum graceum,commonly called Okra and Fenugreek,respectively,as flocculants was described.These polysaccharides were used for removal of solids (suspended solids (SS) and total dissolved solids (TDS)) and dyes from real textile effluents and aqueous solutions of different class of synthetic dyes.Influences of varying polysaccharide concentration,contact time and pH on removal of pollutant from the textile...

Pollen morphology of some Tunisian species from genus of Trigonella L.

The pollen morphology of lbur species from the genus Trigonella L. （Fabaceae） distributed in Tunisia （T. foenum-graecum, T. maritima, T. stellata and T. monspeliaca） was studied with light and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Results showed that the pollen morphology of these four species was not homogenous in relation to shape, dimensions and ornamentation. The pollen grains were 3-zonocolporate, radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate to perprolate type （P/E = 1.45-2.09）. Medium in size, elliptical or rectangular-obtuse-convex in equatorial view and circular in polar view. Ectoapertures-colpi： long, medium width, with acute ends, endoapertures-pork large, circular to lolongate, protruding in mesocolpium. The rectum was reticulate to perforate reticulate with ± irregular pattern of muri, except for T. monspeliaca which ornamentation was relatively homogeneous with a loose network and psilate area. Ornamentation with lumina different in size was most clearly expressed in mesocolpium while the apocolpium and the area just along the apertures was psilate or with small scattered puncta. The exine thickness was 1.10-2.42 μtm.

Increase of Trigonelline in Trigonella persica Plant under Drought Stress

Trigonella persica is a valuable medicinal plant which comprises trigonelline that is secondary metabolite and important component in cosmetic and medicine.This research was conducted in order to evaluation the drought stress effect on growth parameters,root anatomical changes and trigonelline content in T.persica.Plants were grown under soil moisture corresponding to 100%,75%,50%and 25%field capacity for two weeks.The data showed that drought stress was significantly decreased fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root.In addition,leaf area was declined due to drought stress.Interestingly,root length was enhanced by drought stress.Root microscopic study demonstrated that drought stress increased thickness of epidermal,endodermal,vascular bundle,central cylinder and parenchyma in T.persica.Drought stress caused a significant increment in alkaloid and trigonelline content in aerial parts and roots of T.persica.These results revealed that T.persica responded to drought stress by increasing the alkaloid and trigonelline,as well as the anatomical changes in root.Considering the importance of trigonline and alkaloids,this work may open prospects for production of the pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites thereby drought stress.

中药胡芦巴的黄酮类成分研究

目的：对中药胡芦巴的黄酮类成分进行研究。方法：采用硅胶、聚酰胺和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ２０柱进行分离，用物理、化学和光谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果：分得５个黄酮类化合物，分别为牡荆素、小麦黄素、柚皮素、槲皮素和小麦黄素７Ｏ葡萄糖甙。结论：小麦黄素、柚皮素和小麦黄素７Ｏ葡萄糖甙为首次从胡芦巴中分得。

中药胡芦巴三萜类成分研究

从豆科植物胡芦巴Trigonellafoenum－graecumL．种子的乙醇提取物中分得7个三萜类化合物（包括3个三萜皂苷和4个三萜），通过测定理化常数、光谱数据等，鉴定了其中6个化合物的结构，分别为羽扇豆醇、31-去甲环阿尔廷醇、白桦醇、白桦酸、大豆皂苷Ⅰ和大豆皂苷Ⅰ甲酯。各化合物均为首次从胡芦巴中分得，亦为胡芦巴属植物中首次报道。

高效液相色谱法测定胡芦巴中胡芦巴碱的含量

目的 :建立高效液相色谱法测定胡芦巴中胡芦巴碱的方法。方法 :石油醚 无水乙醇提取 ,固定相氨基键合相色谱柱 ,流动相乙腈 水 (75∶2 5 ) ,检测波长 2 6 5nm。结果 :进样量 3.6 8～ 73.6 0 μg·mL-1,r =0 .9999,加样回收率 97.4% ,RSD 1.83% (n =6 )。结论 :可为胡芦巴的质量控制提供依据。

胡芦巴的化学成分研究

目的 :研究中国产胡芦巴种子的化学成分。方法 :硅胶色谱柱分离 ,物理、化学和光谱学方法鉴定结构。结果 :分离并鉴定了 7个化合物 ,为双咔唑、单棕榈酸甘油酯、硬脂酸、β 谷甾醇吡喃葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖乙醇苷、D 3 甲氧基肌醇和蔗糖。结论 :均为首次从胡芦巴中分得 。

内生菌根菌对蓝莓抗氧化成分含量的影响

分析内生菌根菌对蓝莓(Semen trigonellae)鲜果中抗氧化成分的影响。以北陆蓝莓为材料,对接种和未接种菌根菌蓝莓鲜果中具有抗氧化作用的花青素、鞣花酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化进行了研究。结果表明,蓝莓接种菌根菌后鞣花酸、花青素、SOD活性总体呈上升趋势,比未接种分别高31.3%,125.0%和22.8%。

胡卢巴胶粗粉的流变性研究

通过测定和分析浓度、温度、剪切力、酸碱、冻融等变化对胡卢巴胶粗粉溶液粘度的影响及与黄原胶的协效性， 对胡卢巴胶粗粉的流变性进行了研究． 研究结果表明： 胡卢巴胶粗粉的粘度随浓度的升高而升高； 胡卢巴胶粗粉可分为冷水溶和热水溶两部分； 胶粘度随ｐＨ 值的降低而有所降低，随ｐＨ 值的升高呈跳跃式变化； 冷冻解冻变化使胶粘度稍有下降； 胡卢巴胶粗粉溶液为非牛顿流体。

胡芦巴油脂成分的分析测定

应用ＧＣ－ＭＳ技术对国产胡芦巴油脂成分进行了分析研究，鉴定了５种脂肪酸甲酯和１７种油脂类成分，其中１５种成分为首次从胡芦巴中测得。分析结果为开发利用胡芦巴油脂资源提供了依据。

冷水溶胡卢巴胶的流变性研究

对胡卢巴胶冷水溶部分的流变性研究表明：浓度、剪切力、温度、pH、冻融等变化与胡卢巴胶的粘度有较大的关系。在冷水中溶解，胡卢巴胶浓度为1％时，其粘度为120mpa．s，胡卢巴胶为非“牛顿流体”，小于80℃加热，可使其粘度增高。胡卢巴胶在酸性和碱性溶液中较为稳定。冻融处理可使胡卢巴胶溶液粘度有较大幅度的提高。胡卢巴胶与黄原胶有一定协效性，但其协效性较低。

胡芦巴粗提物对血糖和血脂作用的实验研究

目的: 探讨胡芦巴粗提物对血糖、血脂的作用。方法: (1)观察胡芦总皂苷(TFGs)对正常小鼠及肾上腺素(Adr)诱发高血糖小鼠空腹血糖(FBG)的影响;(2)利用化学物质链脲佐菌素(STZ)+高脂饲料建立类似于人类2型糖尿病的大鼠模型,实验组分别给予20、40、80、160 mg/kg TFGs,观察TFGs对大鼠FBG、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的影响。(3)利用STZ诱发糖尿病大鼠,观察25、50、100 mg/kg TFGs及300 mg/kg DIA、4 mg/kg文迪雅对糖尿病大鼠FBG 的影响。结果: 与正常对照组比较, 40、80、160 mg/kgTFGs可降低小鼠FBG水平, 差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.01); 与Adr诱发高血糖小鼠FBG相比,Adr+10、20、40、80、160mg/kg TFGs组FBG明显降低(P<0.01)。20、40、80 mg/kg TFGs可降低2 型糖尿病模型组TG、LDL,提高空腹血清胰岛素(FINS)水平(P<0.01);TFGs对STZ诱发的糖尿病大鼠的动态血糖的研究中,100mg/kg TFGs组于第6周明显降低血糖(P<0.05),与二甲双胍作用相似,于第7周FBG降低更明显(P<0.01),与文迪雅作用相似且优于二甲双胍的作用(P<0.01)。结论: 胡芦巴粗提物具有较好的降糖和降脂作用。

中药胡芦巴氨基酸分析

应用日立835-50氨基酸自动分析仪,测定了中药胡芦巴中17种氨基酸的含量,其中人体必需氨基酸7种。本文为评价胡芦巴的药用及食用价值提供了依据。