The accumulation of excessive nitrate in the atmosphere not only jeopardizes human health but also disrupts the balance of the nitrogen cycle in the ecosystem.Among various nitrate removal technologies,electrocatalyti...The accumulation of excessive nitrate in the atmosphere not only jeopardizes human health but also disrupts the balance of the nitrogen cycle in the ecosystem.Among various nitrate removal technologies,electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(eNO_(3)RR)has been widely studied for its advantages of being eco-friendly,easy to operate,and controllable under environmental conditions with renewable energy as the driving force.Transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have been widely used in electrocatalysis due to their abundant reserves,low costs,easy-to-regulate electronic structure and considerable electrochemical activity.In addition,TMCs have been extensively studied in terms of the kinetics of the nitrate reduction reaction,the moderate adsorption energy of nitrogen-containing species and the active hydrogen supply capacity.Based on this,this review firstly discusses the mechanism as well as analyzes the two main reduction products(N_(2)and NH_(3))of eNO_(3)RR,and reveals the basic guidelines for the design of efficient nitrate catalysts from the perspective of the reaction mechanism.Secondly,this review mainly focuses on the recent advances in the direction of eNO_(3RR)with four types of TMCs,Fe,Co,Ni and Cu,and unveils the interfacial modulation strategies of Fe,Co,Ni and Cu catalysts for the activity,reaction pathway and stability.Finally,reasonable suggestions and opportunities are proposed for the challenges and future development of eNO_(3)RR.This review provides far-reaching implications for exploring cost-effective TMCs to replace high-cost noble metal catalysts(NMCs)for eNO_(3)RR.展开更多
本文主要介绍FREQUENTIS VCS3020X Vel 7.0内话系统,在投入空中交通管制过程中,为满足管制员在不同时期的不同需求,通过修改TMCS的相应配置,包括配置不同电话类型,修改内话席位图布局等日常维护,以达到管制员要求。由于FREQUENTIS内话...本文主要介绍FREQUENTIS VCS3020X Vel 7.0内话系统,在投入空中交通管制过程中,为满足管制员在不同时期的不同需求,通过修改TMCS的相应配置,包括配置不同电话类型,修改内话席位图布局等日常维护,以达到管制员要求。由于FREQUENTIS内话系统具有较高的可靠性和较强的实用性,正越来越多地被广泛使用于空中交通管制用途。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172291 and 52122312)“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Education Commission,China(No.22SG31)。
文摘The accumulation of excessive nitrate in the atmosphere not only jeopardizes human health but also disrupts the balance of the nitrogen cycle in the ecosystem.Among various nitrate removal technologies,electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(eNO_(3)RR)has been widely studied for its advantages of being eco-friendly,easy to operate,and controllable under environmental conditions with renewable energy as the driving force.Transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have been widely used in electrocatalysis due to their abundant reserves,low costs,easy-to-regulate electronic structure and considerable electrochemical activity.In addition,TMCs have been extensively studied in terms of the kinetics of the nitrate reduction reaction,the moderate adsorption energy of nitrogen-containing species and the active hydrogen supply capacity.Based on this,this review firstly discusses the mechanism as well as analyzes the two main reduction products(N_(2)and NH_(3))of eNO_(3)RR,and reveals the basic guidelines for the design of efficient nitrate catalysts from the perspective of the reaction mechanism.Secondly,this review mainly focuses on the recent advances in the direction of eNO_(3RR)with four types of TMCs,Fe,Co,Ni and Cu,and unveils the interfacial modulation strategies of Fe,Co,Ni and Cu catalysts for the activity,reaction pathway and stability.Finally,reasonable suggestions and opportunities are proposed for the challenges and future development of eNO_(3)RR.This review provides far-reaching implications for exploring cost-effective TMCs to replace high-cost noble metal catalysts(NMCs)for eNO_(3)RR.
文摘本文主要介绍FREQUENTIS VCS3020X Vel 7.0内话系统,在投入空中交通管制过程中,为满足管制员在不同时期的不同需求,通过修改TMCS的相应配置,包括配置不同电话类型,修改内话席位图布局等日常维护,以达到管制员要求。由于FREQUENTIS内话系统具有较高的可靠性和较强的实用性,正越来越多地被广泛使用于空中交通管制用途。
