Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in hum...Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in humans.The predominant anthocyanin in human diets,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G,5 or 50 mg/kg),was given to mice for 16 days,and TMT(2.7 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally once on the eighth day.C3G(50 mg/kg)significantly alleviated TMT-induced seizures and subsequent cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction.Furthermore,C3G treatment restored glutamate homeostasis in brain and reversed glutamine synthetase(GS)inhibition in reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammation,which are critical for C3G's neuroprotective effects.Notably,C3G decreased the lipopolysaccharide,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βlevels in the mice,which potentially by modulating the relative abundance of Atopobiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut.C3G may be a promising and practical dietary component for reducing TMT-induced neurodegeneration.展开更多
Objectives To determine the possible relationship between plasma potassiumconcentration and severity of acute trimethyltin chloride (TMT) poisoning and to assess themechanism of TMT induced hypokalemia. Methods ...Objectives To determine the possible relationship between plasma potassiumconcentration and severity of acute trimethyltin chloride (TMT) poisoning and to assess themechanism of TMT induced hypokalemia. Methods SD rats were treated with variousdosages of TMT (ip). All the indices were measured and analysed for determing theirpossible relations with plasma K+. Results With increase of dosage, the plasma K+ leveldropped rapidly, and deaths appeared more quickly. The LD50 of TMT (ip) was 14.7 mg/kgbw. In the low dosage group (10 mg/kgbw), the plasma K+ level dropped slowly with thelowest dosage on day 6 (4.85 mmol/L). It rose again on day 11 (5.06 mmol/L), and recoverdon day 28. The poisoning signs corresponded with decline of the span of K+ level. The plasmaNa+ level dropped half an hour after TMT treatment, but recovered 24 h later. In the highdosage group (46.4 mg/kgbw), the levels of plasma K+ and Na+ fell rapidly within half anhour (P<0.05), the intracellular potassium concentration of RBC did not decrerase obviously(P>0.05), the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in RBC membrane weredepressed remarkably (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively), the plasma aldosterone concentrationsrose as high as tenfold (P<0.01), the arterial blood pH fell from 7.434 to 7.258 (P<0.01),pCO2 was raised from 29.62 to 45.33 mmHg (P<0.01). In the 24 h urine test, when rats weretreated with TMT (21.5 mg/kgbw, ip), urine volume, urinary potassium, sodium and chlorideincreased significantly in comparison with those in the controls (P<0.01). Conclusion TMTcould induce hypokalemia in SD rats. The available evidence suggests that TMT can induceacute renal leakage of potassium. At the same time, a significant rise of plasma aldosteronemay play an important role in promoting potassium leakage from kidney to result in severehypokalemia with inhaling acid-base abnormalities produced, which aggravate the poisoningsymptoms. In the end the rats would die of respiratory failure.展开更多
Trimethyltin(TMT) is an occupational and environmental health hazard behaving as a potent neurotoxin known to affect the central nervous system as well as the peripheral auditory system.However,the mechanisms underlyi...Trimethyltin(TMT) is an occupational and environmental health hazard behaving as a potent neurotoxin known to affect the central nervous system as well as the peripheral auditory system.However,the mechanisms underlying TMT-induced ototoxicity are poorly understood.To elucidate the effects of TMT on the cochlea,a single injection of 4 or 8 mg/kg TMT was administered intraperitoneally to adult rats.The compound action potential(CAP) threshold was used to assess the functional status of the cochlea and histological techniques were used to assess the condition of the hair cells and auditory nerve fibers.TMT at 4 mg/kg produced a temporary CAP threshold elevation of 25-60 dB that recovered by 28 d post-treatment.Although there was no hair cell loss with the 4 mg/kg dose,there was a noticeable loss of auditory nerve fibers particularly beneath the inner hair cells.TMT at 8 mg/kg produced a large permanent CAP threshold shift that was greatest at the high frequencies.The CAP threshold shift was associated with the loss of outer hair cells and inner hair cells in the basal,high-frequency region of the cochlea,considerable loss of auditory nerve fibers and a significant loss of spiral ganglion neurons in the basal turn.Spiral ganglion neurons showed evidence of soma shrinkage and nuclear condensation and fragmentation,morphological features of apoptotic cell death.TMT-induced damage was greatest in the high-frequency,basal region of the cochlea and the nerve fibers beneath the inner hair cells were the most vulnerable structures.展开更多
Nowdays,dimethyltin(DMT) is widely used as plastic stabilizers.Trimethyltin chloride(TMT) is the main byproduct of DMT.Our study on SD rats had shown that hypokalemia played a very inportant role in TMT poisoning.The ...Nowdays,dimethyltin(DMT) is widely used as plastic stabilizers.Trimethyltin chloride(TMT) is the main byproduct of DMT.Our study on SD rats had shown that hypokalemia played a very inportant role in TMT poisoning.The purpose of this paper was to clarify if hypokalemia can be used as an early index of diagnosis,therapy and prevention in TMT intoxication.We analyzed the serum potassium of 169 cases exposed to TMT,from which 123 cases were measured in 24h after the disease was complained.The serum potassium of 96 cases(78%) were below 3.5mmol·L^-1.Four cases died with very serious hypokalemia(<2.5mmol·L^-1).The lower the serum potassium was,the more serious of symptom would be found.In the recent 3 accidents,we measured the serum potassium as early as possible,and treat with KCl(iv or po) rightly.All of the 95 cases recovered within 1 month.No sequela was found.The available evidence suggested that hypokalemia could be the early clinical signs of TMT intoxication.Injection of KCl early should be the first selected treatment.展开更多
A method of determination of trimethyltin chloride in water samples by GC-MS was developed.Trimethyltin chloride was extracted from water sample by ethyl acetate and detected by GC-MS.The linear range of trimethyltin ...A method of determination of trimethyltin chloride in water samples by GC-MS was developed.Trimethyltin chloride was extracted from water sample by ethyl acetate and detected by GC-MS.The linear range of trimethyltin chloride was from 0.49 to 98.0 μg/mL,r= 0.999 7 and the lowest detection concentration was 0.005 mg/L when the sample volume was 50 mL.The RSD was 4.7%(n=6) and the recovery were 109.4%-117.4%.展开更多
To study the detection method of trimethyltin chloride in urine.Extraction trimethyltin chloride in urine by ethyl acetate,and detection by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method (GC-MS).The linear ...To study the detection method of trimethyltin chloride in urine.Extraction trimethyltin chloride in urine by ethyl acetate,and detection by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method (GC-MS).The linear range of trimethyltin chloride in the method was 0.776-19.4 μg/mL,the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9,the lowest detection concentration was 0.01 mg/L.Relative standard deviation(RSD) was 4.4%-8.6%,the recovery rates were 99.0%-110.0%,sample could be save in -20℃ at least one half year.The method was applicable to detect trimethyltin chloride in urine.展开更多
建立了液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）同时测定紫菜中三甲基锡（TMT）、三苯基锡（TPhT）和三丁基锡（TBT）的分析新方法。样品用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯（1∶1,V/V）混合溶剂进行超声提取,提取液经氮吹至近干,并用甲醇和水混合溶液（7∶3,V/...建立了液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）同时测定紫菜中三甲基锡（TMT）、三苯基锡（TPhT）和三丁基锡（TBT）的分析新方法。样品用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯（1∶1,V/V）混合溶剂进行超声提取,提取液经氮吹至近干,并用甲醇和水混合溶液（7∶3,V/V）定容,经活性炭净化。采用ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液（55∶45,V/V）,流速为0.3mL/min。在正离子模式下采用多重反应模式（MRM）进行监测。有机锡化合物在1-100ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9902-0.9918之间,TMT、TPhT和TBT的检测限分别为0.2ng/mL、0.4ng/mL和0.2ng/mL。在25、75ng/mL两个添加水平下回收率在72.3%-98.0%之间,其相对标准偏差均小于8.1%。该方法可用于紫菜中三种三取代有机锡化合物的同时测定。展开更多
目的：建立聚氯乙烯类包装材料和食品模拟物中三甲基锡的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS）联用测定方法。用该方法研究聚氯乙烯中的三甲基锡向食品模拟物的迁...目的：建立聚氯乙烯类包装材料和食品模拟物中三甲基锡的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS）联用测定方法。用该方法研究聚氯乙烯中的三甲基锡向食品模拟物的迁移规律。方法：聚氯乙烯包装材料样品用乙酸乙酯提取。食品模拟物经阳离子固相萃取柱净化富集,洗脱液水浴条件下氮气吹干,残渣用流动相溶解,旋涡混匀,过0.22μm微孔滤膜,经C18色谱柱完成分离,MS/MS仪上采用多反应监测正离子模式测定三甲基锡,外标法定量。在设定的不同温度条件下,将聚氯乙烯包装材料浸泡于食品模拟物中,于不同的时间点移取浸泡液,经前处理后测定三甲基锡迁移量。结果：三甲基锡在0.1~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好（相关系数r=0.999 8）,检出限为0.02μg/L。在1.0、10.0、50.0μg/L 3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为90.6%~97.3%,相对标准偏差不高于6.9%。测定结果显示,三甲基锡迁移量在水模拟物中为0.19~1.65μg/L、在体积分数10%乙醇模拟物中为0.19~9.89μg/L、在3 g/100 m L乙酸模拟物中为0.11~9.96μg/L、在正己烷模拟物中为0.15~3.54μg/L。结论：建立的阳离子固相萃取-UPLC-MS/MS联用法测定食品模拟物中三甲基锡的方法快速简单、准确有效,三甲基锡在体积分数10%乙醇溶液和3 g/100 m L乙酸溶液迁移量较高,且随温度升高、时间延长,迁移量增加,一定时间后达到迁移平衡。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903275)the fund of Cultivation Project of Double First-Class Disciplines of Food Science and Engineering,Beijing Technology&Business University(BTBUYXTD202203)。
文摘Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in humans.The predominant anthocyanin in human diets,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G,5 or 50 mg/kg),was given to mice for 16 days,and TMT(2.7 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally once on the eighth day.C3G(50 mg/kg)significantly alleviated TMT-induced seizures and subsequent cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction.Furthermore,C3G treatment restored glutamate homeostasis in brain and reversed glutamine synthetase(GS)inhibition in reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammation,which are critical for C3G's neuroprotective effects.Notably,C3G decreased the lipopolysaccharide,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βlevels in the mice,which potentially by modulating the relative abundance of Atopobiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut.C3G may be a promising and practical dietary component for reducing TMT-induced neurodegeneration.
基金This work was supported by Goungdong Provincial Health Bureau P. R. China (B1999010).
文摘Objectives To determine the possible relationship between plasma potassiumconcentration and severity of acute trimethyltin chloride (TMT) poisoning and to assess themechanism of TMT induced hypokalemia. Methods SD rats were treated with variousdosages of TMT (ip). All the indices were measured and analysed for determing theirpossible relations with plasma K+. Results With increase of dosage, the plasma K+ leveldropped rapidly, and deaths appeared more quickly. The LD50 of TMT (ip) was 14.7 mg/kgbw. In the low dosage group (10 mg/kgbw), the plasma K+ level dropped slowly with thelowest dosage on day 6 (4.85 mmol/L). It rose again on day 11 (5.06 mmol/L), and recoverdon day 28. The poisoning signs corresponded with decline of the span of K+ level. The plasmaNa+ level dropped half an hour after TMT treatment, but recovered 24 h later. In the highdosage group (46.4 mg/kgbw), the levels of plasma K+ and Na+ fell rapidly within half anhour (P<0.05), the intracellular potassium concentration of RBC did not decrerase obviously(P>0.05), the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in RBC membrane weredepressed remarkably (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively), the plasma aldosterone concentrationsrose as high as tenfold (P<0.01), the arterial blood pH fell from 7.434 to 7.258 (P<0.01),pCO2 was raised from 29.62 to 45.33 mmHg (P<0.01). In the 24 h urine test, when rats weretreated with TMT (21.5 mg/kgbw, ip), urine volume, urinary potassium, sodium and chlorideincreased significantly in comparison with those in the controls (P<0.01). Conclusion TMTcould induce hypokalemia in SD rats. The available evidence suggests that TMT can induceacute renal leakage of potassium. At the same time, a significant rise of plasma aldosteronemay play an important role in promoting potassium leakage from kidney to result in severehypokalemia with inhaling acid-base abnormalities produced, which aggravate the poisoningsymptoms. In the end the rats would die of respiratory failure.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (R01OH010235)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81170912)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No.2014CB943003)
文摘Trimethyltin(TMT) is an occupational and environmental health hazard behaving as a potent neurotoxin known to affect the central nervous system as well as the peripheral auditory system.However,the mechanisms underlying TMT-induced ototoxicity are poorly understood.To elucidate the effects of TMT on the cochlea,a single injection of 4 or 8 mg/kg TMT was administered intraperitoneally to adult rats.The compound action potential(CAP) threshold was used to assess the functional status of the cochlea and histological techniques were used to assess the condition of the hair cells and auditory nerve fibers.TMT at 4 mg/kg produced a temporary CAP threshold elevation of 25-60 dB that recovered by 28 d post-treatment.Although there was no hair cell loss with the 4 mg/kg dose,there was a noticeable loss of auditory nerve fibers particularly beneath the inner hair cells.TMT at 8 mg/kg produced a large permanent CAP threshold shift that was greatest at the high frequencies.The CAP threshold shift was associated with the loss of outer hair cells and inner hair cells in the basal,high-frequency region of the cochlea,considerable loss of auditory nerve fibers and a significant loss of spiral ganglion neurons in the basal turn.Spiral ganglion neurons showed evidence of soma shrinkage and nuclear condensation and fragmentation,morphological features of apoptotic cell death.TMT-induced damage was greatest in the high-frequency,basal region of the cochlea and the nerve fibers beneath the inner hair cells were the most vulnerable structures.
文摘Nowdays,dimethyltin(DMT) is widely used as plastic stabilizers.Trimethyltin chloride(TMT) is the main byproduct of DMT.Our study on SD rats had shown that hypokalemia played a very inportant role in TMT poisoning.The purpose of this paper was to clarify if hypokalemia can be used as an early index of diagnosis,therapy and prevention in TMT intoxication.We analyzed the serum potassium of 169 cases exposed to TMT,from which 123 cases were measured in 24h after the disease was complained.The serum potassium of 96 cases(78%) were below 3.5mmol·L^-1.Four cases died with very serious hypokalemia(<2.5mmol·L^-1).The lower the serum potassium was,the more serious of symptom would be found.In the recent 3 accidents,we measured the serum potassium as early as possible,and treat with KCl(iv or po) rightly.All of the 95 cases recovered within 1 month.No sequela was found.The available evidence suggested that hypokalemia could be the early clinical signs of TMT intoxication.Injection of KCl early should be the first selected treatment.
文摘A method of determination of trimethyltin chloride in water samples by GC-MS was developed.Trimethyltin chloride was extracted from water sample by ethyl acetate and detected by GC-MS.The linear range of trimethyltin chloride was from 0.49 to 98.0 μg/mL,r= 0.999 7 and the lowest detection concentration was 0.005 mg/L when the sample volume was 50 mL.The RSD was 4.7%(n=6) and the recovery were 109.4%-117.4%.
文摘To study the detection method of trimethyltin chloride in urine.Extraction trimethyltin chloride in urine by ethyl acetate,and detection by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method (GC-MS).The linear range of trimethyltin chloride in the method was 0.776-19.4 μg/mL,the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9,the lowest detection concentration was 0.01 mg/L.Relative standard deviation(RSD) was 4.4%-8.6%,the recovery rates were 99.0%-110.0%,sample could be save in -20℃ at least one half year.The method was applicable to detect trimethyltin chloride in urine.
文摘建立了液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）同时测定紫菜中三甲基锡（TMT）、三苯基锡（TPhT）和三丁基锡（TBT）的分析新方法。样品用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯（1∶1,V/V）混合溶剂进行超声提取,提取液经氮吹至近干,并用甲醇和水混合溶液（7∶3,V/V）定容,经活性炭净化。采用ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液（55∶45,V/V）,流速为0.3mL/min。在正离子模式下采用多重反应模式（MRM）进行监测。有机锡化合物在1-100ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9902-0.9918之间,TMT、TPhT和TBT的检测限分别为0.2ng/mL、0.4ng/mL和0.2ng/mL。在25、75ng/mL两个添加水平下回收率在72.3%-98.0%之间,其相对标准偏差均小于8.1%。该方法可用于紫菜中三种三取代有机锡化合物的同时测定。
文摘目的：建立聚氯乙烯类包装材料和食品模拟物中三甲基锡的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS）联用测定方法。用该方法研究聚氯乙烯中的三甲基锡向食品模拟物的迁移规律。方法：聚氯乙烯包装材料样品用乙酸乙酯提取。食品模拟物经阳离子固相萃取柱净化富集,洗脱液水浴条件下氮气吹干,残渣用流动相溶解,旋涡混匀,过0.22μm微孔滤膜,经C18色谱柱完成分离,MS/MS仪上采用多反应监测正离子模式测定三甲基锡,外标法定量。在设定的不同温度条件下,将聚氯乙烯包装材料浸泡于食品模拟物中,于不同的时间点移取浸泡液,经前处理后测定三甲基锡迁移量。结果：三甲基锡在0.1~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好（相关系数r=0.999 8）,检出限为0.02μg/L。在1.0、10.0、50.0μg/L 3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为90.6%~97.3%,相对标准偏差不高于6.9%。测定结果显示,三甲基锡迁移量在水模拟物中为0.19~1.65μg/L、在体积分数10%乙醇模拟物中为0.19~9.89μg/L、在3 g/100 m L乙酸模拟物中为0.11~9.96μg/L、在正己烷模拟物中为0.15~3.54μg/L。结论：建立的阳离子固相萃取-UPLC-MS/MS联用法测定食品模拟物中三甲基锡的方法快速简单、准确有效,三甲基锡在体积分数10%乙醇溶液和3 g/100 m L乙酸溶液迁移量较高,且随温度升高、时间延长,迁移量增加,一定时间后达到迁移平衡。
