Background:Reduced expression of tripartite motif-containing 3(TRIM3) has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of human glioblastoma.In our previous research,we found that TRIM3 expression was markedly red...Background:Reduced expression of tripartite motif-containing 3(TRIM3) has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of human glioblastoma.In our previous research,we found that TRIM3 expression was markedly reduced in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues and that low TRIM3 expression was associated with short survival of HCC patients.However,the role of TRIM3 in liver cancer remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the function of TRIM3 in liver cancer cells.Methods:The protein levels of TRIM3 in five liver cancer cell lines(SK-Hep1,Hep3 B,Huh7,HepG2,Bel-7402) and one normal liver cell line(L02) were detected with Western blotting.HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells with low TRIM3 expression were infected with recombinant lentiviruses overexpressing TRIM3(LV-TRIM3),whereas Huh7 and Hep3 B cells with high TRIM3 expression were transfected with TRIM3-targeted small interfering RNA(siTRIM3).The functions of TRIM3 in the proliferation,colony formation,cell cycle,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of the above cell lines were examined.The effect ofTRIM3 on tumor growth and metastases in nude mice was also investigated.Results:TRIM3 was overexpressed in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells with LV-TRIM3 infection,which further reduced proliferation,colony formation,migration,and invasion of both cell lines.Cell cycle analysis showed that TRIM3 overexpression induced G_0/G_1 phase arrest in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells.Moreover,apoptosis was not increased in HepG2 or Bel-7402 cells overexpressing TRIM3.Contrarily,silencing TRIM3 expression in Huh7 and Hep3 B cells by siTRIM3 led to significantly decreased percentages of both cells in the G_0/G_1 phase and promoted cell proliferation,colony formation,migration,and invasion.In vivo experiment results confirmed that TRIM3 overexpression suppressed tumor growth and metastasis.Conclusions:TRIM3 plays a tumor-suppressing role in the regulation of liver cancer development by reducing cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest at the G_0/G_1 phase.展开更多
令G是一个有限图,H是G的一个子图.若V(H)=V(G),则称H为G的生成子图.图G的一个λ重F-因子,记为Sλ(F,G),是G的一个生成子图且可分拆为若干与F同构的子图(称为F-区组)的并,使得V(G)中的每一个顶点恰出现在λ个F-区组中.一个图G的λ重F-因...令G是一个有限图,H是G的一个子图.若V(H)=V(G),则称H为G的生成子图.图G的一个λ重F-因子,记为Sλ(F,G),是G的一个生成子图且可分拆为若干与F同构的子图(称为F-区组)的并,使得V(G)中的每一个顶点恰出现在λ个F-区组中.一个图G的λ重F-因子大集,记为LSλ(F G),是G中所有与F同构的子图的一个分拆{B_i}_i,使得每个B_i均构成一个Sλ(F,G).当λ=1时,λ可省略不写.本文中,我们证明了当v≡4 mod 24时,存在LS(K1,3,Kv,v,v).展开更多
MAGED4B belongs to the melanoma-associated antigen family;originally found in melanoma,it is expressed in various types of cancer,and is especially enriched in glioblastoma.However,the functional role and molecular me...MAGED4B belongs to the melanoma-associated antigen family;originally found in melanoma,it is expressed in various types of cancer,and is especially enriched in glioblastoma.However,the functional role and molecular mechanisms of MAGED4B in glioma are still unclear.In this study,we found that the MAGED4B level was higher in glioma tissue than that in non-cancer tissue,and the level was positively correlated with glioma grade,tumor diameter,Ki-67 level,and patient age.The patients with higher levels had a worse prognosis than those with lower MAGED4B levels.In glioma cells,MAGED4B overexpression promoted proliferation,invasion,and migration,as well as decreasing apoptosis and the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and temozolomide.On the contrary,MAGED4B knockdown in glioma cells inhibited proliferation,invasion,and migration,as well as increasing apoptosis and the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and temozolomide.MAGED4B knockdown also inhibited the growth of gliomas implanted into the rat brain.The interaction between MAGED4B and tripartite motif-containing 27(TRIM27)in glioma cells was detected by co-immunoprecipitation assay,which showed that MAGED4B was co-localized with TRIM27.In addition,MAGED4B overexpression down-regulated the TRIM27 protein level,and this was blocked by carbobenzoxyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine(MG132),an inhibitor of the proteasome.On the contrary,MAGED4B knockdown up-regulated the TRIM27 level.Furthermore,MAGED4B overexpression increased TRIM27 ubiquitination in the presence of MG132.Accordingly,MAGED4B down-regulated the protein levels of genes downstream of ubiquitin-specific protease 7(USP7)involved in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)-induced apoptotic pathway.These findings indicate that MAGED4B promotes glioma growth via a TRIM27/USP7/receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(RIP1)-dependent TNF-α-induced apoptotic pathway,which suggests that MAGED4B is a potential target for glioma diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
基金primarily supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81472387 and 81402560)Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2012A030400059)
文摘Background:Reduced expression of tripartite motif-containing 3(TRIM3) has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of human glioblastoma.In our previous research,we found that TRIM3 expression was markedly reduced in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues and that low TRIM3 expression was associated with short survival of HCC patients.However,the role of TRIM3 in liver cancer remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the function of TRIM3 in liver cancer cells.Methods:The protein levels of TRIM3 in five liver cancer cell lines(SK-Hep1,Hep3 B,Huh7,HepG2,Bel-7402) and one normal liver cell line(L02) were detected with Western blotting.HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells with low TRIM3 expression were infected with recombinant lentiviruses overexpressing TRIM3(LV-TRIM3),whereas Huh7 and Hep3 B cells with high TRIM3 expression were transfected with TRIM3-targeted small interfering RNA(siTRIM3).The functions of TRIM3 in the proliferation,colony formation,cell cycle,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of the above cell lines were examined.The effect ofTRIM3 on tumor growth and metastases in nude mice was also investigated.Results:TRIM3 was overexpressed in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells with LV-TRIM3 infection,which further reduced proliferation,colony formation,migration,and invasion of both cell lines.Cell cycle analysis showed that TRIM3 overexpression induced G_0/G_1 phase arrest in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells.Moreover,apoptosis was not increased in HepG2 or Bel-7402 cells overexpressing TRIM3.Contrarily,silencing TRIM3 expression in Huh7 and Hep3 B cells by siTRIM3 led to significantly decreased percentages of both cells in the G_0/G_1 phase and promoted cell proliferation,colony formation,migration,and invasion.In vivo experiment results confirmed that TRIM3 overexpression suppressed tumor growth and metastasis.Conclusions:TRIM3 plays a tumor-suppressing role in the regulation of liver cancer development by reducing cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest at the G_0/G_1 phase.
文摘令G是一个有限图,H是G的一个子图.若V(H)=V(G),则称H为G的生成子图.图G的一个λ重F-因子,记为Sλ(F,G),是G的一个生成子图且可分拆为若干与F同构的子图(称为F-区组)的并,使得V(G)中的每一个顶点恰出现在λ个F-区组中.一个图G的λ重F-因子大集,记为LSλ(F G),是G中所有与F同构的子图的一个分拆{B_i}_i,使得每个B_i均构成一个Sλ(F,G).当λ=1时,λ可省略不写.本文中,我们证明了当v≡4 mod 24时,存在LS(K1,3,Kv,v,v).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81801679,81571308).
文摘MAGED4B belongs to the melanoma-associated antigen family;originally found in melanoma,it is expressed in various types of cancer,and is especially enriched in glioblastoma.However,the functional role and molecular mechanisms of MAGED4B in glioma are still unclear.In this study,we found that the MAGED4B level was higher in glioma tissue than that in non-cancer tissue,and the level was positively correlated with glioma grade,tumor diameter,Ki-67 level,and patient age.The patients with higher levels had a worse prognosis than those with lower MAGED4B levels.In glioma cells,MAGED4B overexpression promoted proliferation,invasion,and migration,as well as decreasing apoptosis and the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and temozolomide.On the contrary,MAGED4B knockdown in glioma cells inhibited proliferation,invasion,and migration,as well as increasing apoptosis and the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and temozolomide.MAGED4B knockdown also inhibited the growth of gliomas implanted into the rat brain.The interaction between MAGED4B and tripartite motif-containing 27(TRIM27)in glioma cells was detected by co-immunoprecipitation assay,which showed that MAGED4B was co-localized with TRIM27.In addition,MAGED4B overexpression down-regulated the TRIM27 protein level,and this was blocked by carbobenzoxyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine(MG132),an inhibitor of the proteasome.On the contrary,MAGED4B knockdown up-regulated the TRIM27 level.Furthermore,MAGED4B overexpression increased TRIM27 ubiquitination in the presence of MG132.Accordingly,MAGED4B down-regulated the protein levels of genes downstream of ubiquitin-specific protease 7(USP7)involved in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)-induced apoptotic pathway.These findings indicate that MAGED4B promotes glioma growth via a TRIM27/USP7/receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(RIP1)-dependent TNF-α-induced apoptotic pathway,which suggests that MAGED4B is a potential target for glioma diagnosis and treatment.
