Numerical simulation of a triple-junction thin-film solar cell based on μc-Si_(1-x)Ge_x :H

In this paper, a-Si：H/a-SiGe：H/μc-SiGe：H triple-junction solar cell structure is proposed. By the analyses of mi- croelectronic and photonic structures （AMPS-1D） and our TRJ-F/TRJ-M/TRJ-B tunneling-recombination junction （TRJ） model, the most preferably combined bandgap for this structure is found to be 1.85 eV/1.50 eV/1.0 eV. Using more realistic material properties, optimized thickness combination is investigated. Along this direction, a-Si：H/a-SiGe：H/μc-SiGe：H triple cell with an initial efficiency of 12.09% （Voc = 2.03 V, FF = 0.69, Jsc = 8.63 mA/cm^2, area = 1 cm^2） is achieved in our laboratory.

Photoluminescence Analysis of Injection-Enhanced Annealing of Electron Irradiation-Induced Defects in GaAs Middle Cells for Triple-Junction Solar Cells

Photolumineseenee measurements are carried out to investigate the injection-enhanced annealing behavior of electron radiation-induced defects in a GaAs middle cell for GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells which are irradiated by 1.8 MeV with a fluence of i ~ 1015 cm-2. Minority-carrier injection under forward bias is observed to enhance the defect annealing in the GaAs middle cell, and the removal rate of the defect is determined with photoluminescenee radiative efficiency recovery. Furthermore, the injection-enhanced defect removal rates obey a simple Arrhenius law. Therefore, the annealing activation energy is acquired and is equal to 0.58eV. Finally, in comparison of the annealing activation energies, the E5 defect is identified as a primary non-radiative recombination center.

Photoluminescence Analysis of Electron Damage for Minority Carrier Diffusion Length in GaInP/GaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cells

Photoluminescence（PL） measurements are carried out to investigate the degradation of GaInP top cell and GaAs middle cell for GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells irradiated with 1.0, 1.8 and 11.5 MeV electrons with fluences ranging up to 3 × 10^15, 1 × 10^15 and 3 × 10^14 cm^-2, respectively. The degradation rates of PL intensity increase with the electron fluence and energy. Furthermore, the damage coefficient of minority carrier diffusion length is estimated by the PL radiative efficiency. The damage coefficient increases with the electron energy. The relation of damage coefficient to electron energy is discussed with the non-ionizing energy loss（NIEL）, which shows a quadratic dependence between damage coefficient and NIEL.

Geochemistry and spatial distribution of late-Paleozoic mafic volcanic rocks in the surrounding areas of the Gonghe Basin: Implications for Majixueshan triple-junction and east Paleotethyan archipelagic ocean

The late-Paleozoic mafic volcanic rocks occurring in the surrounding areas of the Gonghe basin are distributed in the A'nyêmaqên ophiolite zone, Zongwulong tectonic zone and Kuhai-Saishitang volcanic zone. The mafic volcanics in the A'nyêmaqên zone formed an ancient ridge-centered hotspot around the Majixueshan OIB, the Kuhai-Saishitang mafic rocks consist of E-MORB and continental rift basalts and the Zongwulong volcanic rocks are enriched N-MORB. The regionally low Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios reflect the influence of the OIB material on the mafic magma source. From geochemistry, spatial distribution and tectonic relationship of the mafic rocks, an ancient triple-junction centered at the Majixueshan can be inferred. The existence of the Kuhai-Saishitang aulacogen may have provided a tectonic channel for the Majixueshan OIB materials metasomatizing the magma source for the Zongwulong rocks. The formation of the triple-junction and the rifting of the Zongwulong zone have separated the orogens and massifs in the region.

Evaluating electron induced degradation of triple-junction solar cell by numerical simulation

In this paper,the degradation related parameters of GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell induced by electron irradiation are carried out by numerical simulation.The degradation results of short-circuit current,open-circuit voltage,maximum power have been investigated,and the degradation mechanism is analyzed.Combining the degradation results,the degradation of normalized parameters versus displacement damage dose is obtained.The results show that the degradation increases with the increase of the electron fluence and electron irradiation energy.The degradation normalized related parameters versus displacement damage dose can be characterized by a special curve that is not affected by the type of irradiated particles.By calculating the annual displacement damage dose and the on-orbit operation time of special space orbit,the degradation of normalized parameters can be obtained with the fitting curve in the simulation.The study will provide an approach to estimate the radiation damage of triple-junction solar cell induced by space particle irradiation.

Far-infrared electroluminescence characteristics of an InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell under forward DC bias

The far-infrared electroluminescence characteristics of an InGaP/InGaAs/Ge solar cell are investigated under forward DC bias at room temperature in dark conditions.An electroluminescence viewgraph shows the clear device structures,and the electroluminescence intensity is shown to increases exponentially with bias voltage and linearly with bias current.The results can be interpreted using an equivalent circuit of a single ideal diode model for triple-junction solar cells.The good fit between the measured and calculated data proves the above conclusions. This work is of guiding significance for current solar cell testing and research.

Ferroelectric Oxide Nanocomposites with Trimodal Pore Structure for High Photocatalytic Performance

An effective method to improve the photocatalytic performances of powder catalysts is to use the internal electric field from ferroelectrics to separate photogenerated charge carriers.The design and engineering of a complex hetero-junction with a hierarchical pore structure is highly desirable for the efficient application of ferroelectric materials in photocatalysis.Here,we present a novel strategy using two templates to fabricate PbTiO3/TiO2/carbon(PTC)nanocomposites with a tunable microstructure.A hard SiO2 template combined with an ice template followed by an appropriate pyrolysis procedure introduced trimodal(micro-,meso-,macro-)porosity.The as-prepared PTC nanocomposites with optimal mass ratio exhibited excellent photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performances.PbTiO3/TiO2 annealed at 900 ℃(PTC-900)showed a MB degradation rate of 0.21 and 0.021 min-1 under UV and visible light irradiation,which are,respectively,7.2 and3 times those of pure PbTiO3.The photocurrent density of the composite catalyst is 1.48 mA cm-2 at the potential of 1.0 V versus saturated calomel electrode,and the rates of hydrogen generation of PTC-900 are as high as 2360 and 9.6 μmol h-1 g-1 under UV and visible light irradiation,respectively.More importantly,the simultaneous application of ultrasound-induced mechanical waves further improved the photocatalytic reactivity.This work serves to improve understanding on the design of ferroelectric/piezoelectric photocatalysts with a hierarchical pore structure and also proposes a widely applicable strategy for the fabrication of high-performance micro-nano/nano-nano structures.

Effect of thermal load on performance parameters of solar concentrating photovoltaic:High-efficiency solar cells

The triple-junction solar cell is designed to exploit a wide range of the solar spectrum photons.These triple-layers consisting of GaInP/GaInAs/Ge,it is monolithically stacked,leading to high conversion efficiency.To describe and understand it’s operating behaviour,this paper presents a performance analysis of a triple-junction solar cell,based on estimation modelling.A model was developed to determine the performance characteristic of the solar cell.Hence,the J-V curve is characterising the performance of solar cells,which used to optimise and improve the design of the cells.It has been discussed the effects of thermal load related to cell temperature increases on the cell’s operating performance parameters.Cell temperature increases from 25 to 125℃ have resulted variances,which causes a significant decrease in efficiency to approximately−17%,open circuit voltage by−15%and fill factor by−4.5%.On the other hand,the current density slightly increased by+5.5%.Finally,ought to consider the thermal management while designing and developing solar CPV technology;therefore,it’s significant to improve cell efficiency and to maintain cell integrity from thermal damage.

A Front-Tracking Method for Motion by Mean Curvature with Surfactant

In this paper,we present a finite difference method to track a network of curves whose motion is determined by mean curvature.To study the effect of inhomogeneous surface tension on the evolution of the network of curves,we include surfactant which can diffuse along the curves.The governing equations consist of one parabolic equation for the curve motion coupled with a convection-diffusion equation for the surfactant concentration along each curve.Our numerical method is based on a direct discretization of the governing equations which conserves the total surfactant mass in the curve network.Numerical experiments are carried out to examine the effects of inhomogeneous surface tension on the motion of the network,including the von Neumann law for cell growth in two space dimensions.