High levels of tubulin expression have been described in a variety of human malignant tumors, and glu-tubulin, in which the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin is removed by tubulin carboxypeptidase. Over-expression has...High levels of tubulin expression have been described in a variety of human malignant tumors, and glu-tubulin, in which the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin is removed by tubulin carboxypeptidase. Over-expression has been reported in the malignant tumors of the mammary gland and correlated with poor prognosis immunohistochemically. Furthermore, Nielsen et al. proposed that the use of a panel of four markers (ER, HER 2, CK 5/6, and EGFR) could accurately identify basal-like phenotype carcinoma (BPC) with widely available standard pathologic tools. In our study, major prognostic factors such as patient age, tumor size, histological grade, axillary lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, and local recurrence in BPC were not significantly different from non BP carcinoma (NBPC). However, the BPC group showed a higher ratio of distant metastasis than that of the NBPC group. In triple-negative carcinoma (TNC) cases, staining for glu-tubulin was observed in 46 cases (63.8%), which consisted of 42 of the 58 BPC patients (72.4%) and 4 of the 14 NBPC patients (28.6%). A significant association was found between the expression of glu-tubulin and BPC, but not NBPC. It seems that our findings also agree with the observation that BPC exhibits aggressive biological behavior and increases the content of glu-tubulin, which plays a greater role in migration and invasion.展开更多
Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the breast is a rare special subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of a dual cell population of luminal and basaloid cells arranged in specific growth patterns. Most b...Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the breast is a rare special subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of a dual cell population of luminal and basaloid cells arranged in specific growth patterns. Most breast cancers with triple-negative, basal-like breast features(i.e., tumors that are devoid of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, and express basal cell markers) are generally high-grade tumors with an aggressive clinical course. Conversely, while ACCs also display a triple-negative, basal-like phenotype, they are usually low-grade and exhibit an indolent clinical behavior. Many discoveries regarding the molecular and genetic features of the ACC, including a specific chromosomal translocation t(6;9) that results in a MYB-NFIB fusion gene, have been made in recent years. This comprehensive review provides our experience with ACC of the breast, as well as an overview of clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic features.展开更多
文摘High levels of tubulin expression have been described in a variety of human malignant tumors, and glu-tubulin, in which the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin is removed by tubulin carboxypeptidase. Over-expression has been reported in the malignant tumors of the mammary gland and correlated with poor prognosis immunohistochemically. Furthermore, Nielsen et al. proposed that the use of a panel of four markers (ER, HER 2, CK 5/6, and EGFR) could accurately identify basal-like phenotype carcinoma (BPC) with widely available standard pathologic tools. In our study, major prognostic factors such as patient age, tumor size, histological grade, axillary lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, and local recurrence in BPC were not significantly different from non BP carcinoma (NBPC). However, the BPC group showed a higher ratio of distant metastasis than that of the NBPC group. In triple-negative carcinoma (TNC) cases, staining for glu-tubulin was observed in 46 cases (63.8%), which consisted of 42 of the 58 BPC patients (72.4%) and 4 of the 14 NBPC patients (28.6%). A significant association was found between the expression of glu-tubulin and BPC, but not NBPC. It seems that our findings also agree with the observation that BPC exhibits aggressive biological behavior and increases the content of glu-tubulin, which plays a greater role in migration and invasion.
文摘Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the breast is a rare special subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of a dual cell population of luminal and basaloid cells arranged in specific growth patterns. Most breast cancers with triple-negative, basal-like breast features(i.e., tumors that are devoid of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, and express basal cell markers) are generally high-grade tumors with an aggressive clinical course. Conversely, while ACCs also display a triple-negative, basal-like phenotype, they are usually low-grade and exhibit an indolent clinical behavior. Many discoveries regarding the molecular and genetic features of the ACC, including a specific chromosomal translocation t(6;9) that results in a MYB-NFIB fusion gene, have been made in recent years. This comprehensive review provides our experience with ACC of the breast, as well as an overview of clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic features.
