Tripolarity in China's Watch Consumption Structure

At the ’96 Beijing International Clocks and Watches Exhibition held in November last year, visitors were attracted by the delicacy and elegance of the designs of the Swiss exhibits, while the Japanese products demonstrated their modern hi-tech application. The SEIKO human-power quartz watch was equipped with a mini motor inside, which could drive the watch hands with power from flickers of people’s hands instead of batteries; the CITIZEN company

Numerical Simulation of Tripolar Vortex in Dusty Plasma with Sheared Flow and Sheared Magnetic Field

This article presents a study we have made of one class of coherent structures of the tripolar vortex. Considering the sheared flow and sheared magnetic field which are common in the thermonuclear plasma and space plasma, we have simulated the dynamics of the tripolar vortex. The results show that the tripolar vortex is largely stable in most cases, but a strongly sheared magnetic field will make the structure less stable, and lead it to decays into single vortices with the large space scale. These results are consistent with findings from former research about the dipolar vortex.

Why Is the East Asian Summer Monsoon Extremely Strong in 2018?——Collaborative Effects of SST and Snow Cover Anomalies

In 2018,summer precipitation was above normal in North and Northwest China and below normal around the Yangtze River valley,due to an extremely strong East Asian summer monsoon(EASM).The atmospheric circulation anomalies in East Asia and key external forcing factors that influence the EASM in 2018 are explored in this paper.The results show that there existed an anomalous cyclonic circulation near the Philippines,while the western Pacific subtropical high was located more northward than its normal position.In the mid–high latitudes,a negative geopotential height anomaly center was found near the Ural Mountains,suppressing the blocking activity.Under such a circulation pattern,precipitation near the Yangtze River valley decreased because local divergence and subsidence intensified,whereas precipitation in northern China increased due to large amounts of water vapor transport by anomalously strong southerly winds.Further analyses reveal that the strong EASM circulation in 2018 might result from the joint influences of several external forcing factors.The weak La Ni?a event that started from October 2017,the positive North Atlantic Tripolar mode(NAT)in spring 2018,and the reduced snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in winter 2017/18 all collaboratively contributed to formation of the cyclonic circulation anomaly near the Philippines,leading to the extremely strong EASM.Especially,the positive NAT and the reduced Tibetan snow cover may have caused the negative geopotential height anomaly near the Ural Mountains,in favor of a strong EASM.The above external factors and their reinforcing impacts on the EASM are further verified by two groups of similar historical cases.

Sensitivity of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to the Dynamical Framework in an Ocean General Circulation Model

The horizontal coordinate systems commonly used in most global ocean models are the spherical latitude-longit- ude grid and displaced poles, such as a tripolar grid. The effect of the horizontal coordinate system on Atlantic meri- dional overturning circulation （AMOC） is evaluated by using an OGCM （ocean general circulation model）. Two ex- periments are conducted with the model---one using a latitude-longitude grid （referred to as Latl） and the other us- ing a tripolar grid （referred to as Tri）. The results show that Tri simulates a stronger North Atlantic deep water （NADW） than Lat_l, as more saline water masses enter the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian （GIN） seas in Tri. The stronger NADW can be attributed to two factors. One is the removal of the zonal filter in Tri, which leads to an in- creasing of the zonal gradient of temperature and salinity, thus strengthening the north geostrophic flow. In turn, it decreases the positive subsurface temperature and salinity biases in the subtropical regions. The other may be associ- ated with topography at the North Pole, because realistic topography is applied in the tripolar grid while the latitude-longitude grid employs an artificial island around the North Pole. In order to evaluate the effect of the filter on AMOC, three enhanced filter experiments are carried out. Compared to Lat_l, an enhanced filter can also aug- ment NADW formation, since more saline water is suppressed in the GIN seas, but accumulated in the Labrador Sea, especially in experiment Lat_2 S, which is the experiment with an enhanced filter on salinity.

Chinese Renminbi Arrival in the ＂Tripolar＂ Global Monetary Regime

Since the financial crisis hit in 2007, the US dollar privilege has not only become ＂exorbitant＂ but ＂extortianate. ＂ Countries such as China are no longer willing to allow the USA to exercise this extortionate behavior. The potential geopolitical implications of a US dollar decline are immense. The USA would lose its privileged seigniorage position and with that the ability to achieve permanently higher returns on foreign assets than the returns paid to foreigners who invest in the USA. The global economy is already close to operating with three regional exchange rate anchors： the US dollar; the euro; and, increasingly, the renminbi. Hence, the transition to a tripolar system could occur sooner than many assert. Nevertheless, given the importance of financial deepening and integration in the internationalization of currencies, any shift will still be gradual.

Solar Wind：A Possible Factor Driving the Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Tripolar Mode over North Atlantic

The effect of solar wind（SW） on the North Atlantic sea surface temperature（SST） in boreal winter is examined through an analysis of observational data during 1964-2013.The North Atlantic SSTs show a pronounced meridional tripolar pattern in response to solar wind speed（SWS） variations.This pattern is broadly similar to the leading empirical orthogonal function（EOF） mode of interannual variations in the wintertime SSTs over North Atlantic.The time series of this leading EOF mode of SST shows a significant interannual period,which is the same as that of wintertime SWS.This response also appears as a compact north-south seesaw of sea level pressure and a vertical tripolar structure of zonal wind,which simultaneously resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation（NAO） in the overlying atmosphere.As compared with the typical low SWS winters,during the typical high SWS winters,the stratospheric polar night jet（PNJ） is evidently enhanced and extends from the stratosphere to the troposphere,even down to the North Atlantic Ocean surface.Notably,the North Atlantic Ocean is an exclusive region in which the SW signal spreads downward from the stratosphere to the troposphere.Thus,it seems that the SW is a possible factor for this North Atlantic SST tripolar mode.The dynamical process of stratosphere-troposphere coupling,together with the global atmospheric electric circuit-cloud microphysical process,probably accounts for the particular downward propagation of the SW signal.