Temperature-Triggered Hardware Trojan Based Algebraic Fault Analysis of SKINNY-64-64 Lightweight Block Cipher

SKINNY-64-64 is a lightweight block cipher with a 64-bit block length and key length,and it is mainly used on the Internet of Things(IoT).Currently,faults can be injected into cryptographic devices by attackers in a variety of ways,but it is still difficult to achieve a precisely located fault attacks at a low cost,whereas a Hardware Trojan(HT)can realize this.Temperature,as a physical quantity incidental to the operation of a cryptographic device,is easily overlooked.In this paper,a temperature-triggered HT(THT)is designed,which,when activated,causes a specific bit of the intermediate state of the SKINNY-64-64 to be flipped.Further,in this paper,a THT-based algebraic fault analysis(THT-AFA)method is proposed.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method,experiments on algebraic fault analysis(AFA)and THT-AFA have been carried out on SKINNY-64-64.In the THT-AFA for SKINNY-64-64,it is only required to activate the THT 3 times to obtain the master key with a 100%success rate,and the average time for the attack is 64.57 s.However,when performing AFA on this cipher,we provide a relation-ship between the number of different faults and the residual entropy of the key.In comparison,our proposed THT-AFA method has better performance in terms of attack efficiency.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first HT attack on SKINNY-64-64.

A Therapeutic Sheep in Metastatic Wolf’s Clothing: Trojan Horse Approach for Cancer Brain Metastases Treatment

Early-stage brain metastasis of breast cancer(BMBC), due to the existence of an intact blood–brain barrier(BBB), is one of the deadliest neurologic complications. To improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for BMBC, a Trojan horse strategy-based nanocarrier has been developed by integrating the cell membrane of a brain-homing cancer cell and a polymeric drug depot. With the camouflage of a MDA-MB-231/Br cell membrane, doxorubicin-loaded poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle(DOX-PLGA@CM) shows enhanced cellular uptake and boosted killing potency for MDA-MB-231/Br cells. Furthermore, DOX-PLGA@CM is equipped with naturally selected molecules for BBB penetration, as evidenced by its boosted capacity in entering the brain of both healthy and early-stage BMBC mouse models. Consequently, DOX-PLGA@CM effectively reaches the metastatic tumor lesions in the brain, slows down cancer progression, reduces tumor burden, and extends the survival time for the BMBC animal.Furthermore, the simplicity and easy scale-up of the design opens a new window for the treatment of BMBC and other brain metastatic cancers.

Effects of Motivation and Demography on the Quantitative Plausibility of the Trojan Horse Defence Against Possession of Child Pornography

The Enhanced Complexity Model( ECM) developed previously has been further extended to produce a Motivationally Enhanced Complexity Model( MECM) which enables the degree of motivation,capability and opportunity of a hypothetical Trojan Horse author to be included in quantifying the relative plausibility of competing explanations for the existence of uncontested digital evidence.This new model has been applied to the case of the Trojan Horse defence( THD) against the possession of child pornography.Our results demonstrate that the THD in this case cannot be plausibly sustained unless it can be shown that an ‘off-theshelf'( OTS) Trojan Horse for this task is available and it is not detectable by the target computer,at the material time.

A Hardware Trojan Detection Method Based on the Electromagnetic Leakage

Hardware Trojan(HT) refers to a special module intentionally implanted into a chip or an electronic system. The module can be exploited by the attacker to achieve destructive functions. Unfortunately the HT is difficult to detecte due to its minimal resource occupation. In order to achieve an accurate detection with high efficiency, a HT detection method based on the electromagnetic leakage of the chip is proposed in this paper. At first, the dimensionality reduction and the feature extraction of the electromagnetic leakage signals in each group(template chip, Trojan-free chip and target chip) were realized by principal component analysis(PCA). Then, the Mahalanobis distances between the template group and the other groups were calculated. Finally, the differences between the Mahalanobis distances and the threshold were compared to determine whether the HT had been implanted into the target chip. In addition, the concept of the HT Detection Quality(HTDQ) was proposed to analyze and compare the performance of different detection methods. Our experiment results indicate that the accuracy of this detection method is 91.93%, and the time consumption is 0.042s in average, which shows a high HTDQ compared with three other methods.

Preventing Hardware Trojans in Switch Chip Based on Payload Decoupling

Hardware Trojans in integrated circuit chips have the characteristics of being covert,destructive,and difficult to protect,which have seriously endangered the security of the chips themselves and the information systems to which they belong.Existing solutions generally rely on passive detection techniques.In this paper,a hardware Trojans active defense mechanism is designed for network switching chips based on the principle of encryption algorithm.By encoding the data entering the chip,the argot hidden in the data cannot trigger the hardware Trojans that may exist in the chip,so that the chip can work normally even if it is implanted with a hardware Trojans.The proposed method is proved to be effective in preventing hardware Trojans with different trigger characteristics by simulation tests and practical tests on our secure switching chip.

A Customized Authentication Design for Traffic Hijacking Detection on Hardware-Trojan Infected NoCs

Traffic hijacking is a common attack perpetrated on networked systems, where attackers eavesdrop on user transactions, manipulate packet data, and divert traffic to illegitimate locations. Similar attacks can also be unleashed in a NoC (Network on Chip) based system where the NoC comes from a third-party vendor and can be engrafted with hardware Trojans. Unlike the attackers on a traditional network, those Trojans are usually small and have limited capacity. This paper targets such a hardware Trojan;Specifically, the Trojan aims to divert traffic packets to unauthorized locations on the NoC. To detect this kind of traffic hijacking, we propose an authentication scheme in which the source and destination addresses are tagged. We develop a custom design for the packet tagging and authentication such that the implementation costs can be greatly reduced. Our experiments on a set of applications show that on average the detection circuitry incurs about 3.37% overhead in area, 2.61% in power, and 0.097% in performance when compared to the baseline design.

Quantum hacking of two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution using Trojan-horse attack

We present a Trojan-horse attack on the practical two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution system. Our attack mainly focuses on the imperfection of the practical system that the modulator has a redundancy of modulation pulsewidth, which leaves a loophole for the eavesdropper inserting a Trojan-horse pulse. Utilizing the unique characteristics of two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution that Alice only takes modulation operation on the received mode without any measurement, this attack allows the eavesdropper to render all of the final keys shared between the legitimate parties insecure without being detected. After analyzing the feasibility of the attack, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward.

Trojan Terrorism as a Principate of Deception, Or in the Arms of the Terracotta Locust (Ethymological Wing Cases of Virtus): Part 1

“Trojan terrorism”leaped to the place and in time as an exhalation of bewilderment at the terrorist attacks in London last year,as a challenge to political manipulation,and jumped as the continuation of the topic of migration(the fundamental problem of modernity),as a creation of an internal conflict that multiplies the external conflict,in the theme of systemic instability―theoretical reasonableness of deception,which destroys the system of contracts as a condition of the world order,leaped as a report at the University of London(Birkbeck)on Feb.9,2018,which the relevance of its problems beat real events in because the state of modern“utopianism”―the state of Utopus(USA),intended from the matrix of the British Empire,its tactics of violence―“occupy”(seizure of the“alien”)―has never changed.As in the case of Marks’s“capital”,the theory first followed,and then the practice of sabotage:a system of terrorist attacks,riots,revolutions,world and civil wars,and“Trojan terrorism”:bold attacks by international terrorists,sweeping away the principles and norms of any social treaty(Rousseau did not even dream of this sadness),the norms of law,ethics and morality,economic agreements(interstate agreements),including military demonstration of force,provocation of military conflicts,pirate antics,demarches of intimidation and blackmail,reviving the myth of the Trojan Horse and giving it the status of an“established order”:The norms that are accepted by the majority as“natural law”,as the natural course of things,contrary to common sense and universal human canons of being,legitimize treachery and deceit as the only one of possible and all probable ways of further development of human society―such are the“difficulties to the stars”:Without star wars,but by“occupy”,which allows us to conclude that“Trojan terrorism”is the sum of technologies aimed at seizure the land(habitable)by fraud,panic,and violence.

Efficient Activation Method of Hardware Trojan Based on Greedy Algorithm

To generate test vector sets that can efficiently activate hardware Trojans and improve probability of the hardware Trojan activation,an efficient hardware Trojan activation method is proposed based on greedy algorithm for combinatorial hardware Trojans. Based on the greedy algorithm and the recursive construction method in the combination test,the method formulates appropriate and useful greedy strategy and generates test vector sets with different combinatorial correlation coefficients to activate hardware Trojans in target circuits. The experiment was carried out based on advanced encryption standard（ AES） hardware encryption circuit,different combinatorial hardware Trojans were implanted in AES as target circuits,the experiment of detecting hardware Trojans in target circuits was performed by applying the proposed method and different combinatorial hardware Trojans in target circuits were activated successfully many times in the experiment. The experimental results showthat the test vector sets generated using the proposed method could effectively activate combinatorial hardware Trojans,improve the probability of the hardware Trojan being activated,and also be applied to practice.

Trojan新循环AGM蓄电池生产线

深循环蓄电池制造商Trojan蓄电池公司可提供新型生产密封吸附式玻璃纤维(AGM)蓄电池的循环AGM蓄电池生产线,特点是可改善在重载和深放电应用下的循环功率。

Trojan Terrorism as a Principate of Deception, Or in the Arms of the Terracotta Locust (Ethymological Wing Cases of Virtus): Part Ⅱ

“Trojan terrorism”leaped to the place and in time as an exhalation of bewilderment at the terrorist attacks in London last year,as a challenge to political manipulation,and jumped as the continuation of the topic of migration(the fundamental problem of modernity),as a creation of an internal conflict that multiplies the external conflict,in the theme of systemic instability-theoretical reasonableness of Deception,which destroys the system of contracts as a condition of the world order.My report at the University of London(Birkbeck)on Feb.9,2018,which was read in English,still not the latest direct evidence of the use of this scandalous method of“Trojan terrorism”—the defamation of the whole country(Russia),plus violation of territorial integrity,including and military attack,another country that lies on the other side of the ocean(Syria),and which is accused of not living by the rules(the“Absolute”method by Caesar),the relevance of its problems beat real events in because the state of modern“utopianism”-the state of Utopus(USA),intended from the matrix of the British Empire,its tactics of violence-“occupy”(seizure of the“alien”)-has never changed,and the March-April events in international politics are just another notch on this dead python,which is called“democratic values”.As in the case of Marks’s“Capital”,the theory first followed,and then the practice of sabotage:a system of terrorist attacks,riots,revolutions,world and civil wars,and“Trojan terrorism”:bold attacks by international terrorists,sweeping away the principles and norms of any social treaty(Rousseau did not even dream of this sadness),the norms of law,ethics and morality,economic agreements(interstate agreements),including military demonstration of force,provocation of military conflicts,pirate antics,demarches of intimidation and blackmail,reviving the myth of the Trojan Horse and giving it the status of an“established order”:the norms that are accepted by the majority as“natural law”,as the natural course of things,contrary to common sense and universal human canons of being,legitimize treachery and deceit as the only one of possible and all probable ways of further development of human society-such are the“difficulties to the stars”:without star wars,but by“occupy”,which allows us to conclude that“Trojan terrorism”is the sum of technologies aimed at seizure the land(habitable)by fraud,panic,and violence.

TrojanUVFlex^TM紫外消毒系统

特洁安最新式革新产品——Trojan UV Flex TM.紫外消毒系统是在已验证过的Solo LampTM灯管技术的基础上发展的。该系统为了满足水厂管理层和操作人员更高要求而设计，全球第一套Trojan UV Flex TM系统已经在德国柏林安装。它极大地节省占地空间，拥有先进的系统控制．能输出更高紫外剂量的电光转换。

破坏力超强的木马 Trojan Nunks

喜欢玩木马的朋友一定听说过大名鼎鼎的国外木马Beast（禽兽），可是该木马已经退出江湖很长一段时间。

Trojan-Spy．Win32．Qeds．a病毒技木报告

这是一个借助于qQ传播的病毒，该病毒一味走色情路线．很容易就能突破大家的“防线”。该病毒为蠕虫病毒，长度为20480字节．通过QQ发送病毒文件．并以色情字样作为引诱。常见的语句包括“美女超短裙被刮破的那一刻!”、‘推荐-很珍贵历史照片：估计9成人没看到过”和“真正的美女并不是脱光了衣服才够靓！”等（图1）。病毒运行后会从未知网站上下或病毒“Trojan．Win32．VB．xb”．后者的主要任务在于窃取密码。

狙击IRC Trojan

“IRC Trojan”这个词最早是由CERT组织在1994年提出的。随后，IRC Trojan的数量不断增加、特性不断丰富，其产生的破坏力也不容小觑了。近一两年中出现的僵尸网络（BotNet）事件多与此有关，攻击者常常通过IRC来控制上万台受感染的主机来发动DDoS攻击，这类事件造成的危害也是非常巨大的。本文试图对IRC Trojan进行分析和探讨，希望能有助于提高大家对于IRC Trojan的安全意识和防范能力。

特洁安技术公司 TrojanSwiftSC净水紫外消毒系统

Trojan UVSwiftSC紫外消毒系统非常适合最高达44MGD（700m^3／hr）的小型流量应用．它的紧凑、坚固系统可以提供对地表水和地下水作为饮用水消毒有效而经济的解决方案。

RSA Fraud Action研究实验室采取措施应对Sinowal Trojan木马

RSA Fraud Action研究实验室根据对Sinowal Trojan木马的跟踪和研究发现，俄罗斯网络犯罪集团近3年来利用Sirlowal Troian木马程序盗取了超过30万个网上银行账户和差不多相同数目的信用卡。其他如电子邮件和众多网站的FTP账户等信息也受到了损害和盗窃。仅在过去的6个月中。

加拿大特洁安技术公司：特洁安Trojan UV3000Plus

特洁安Troian UV3000 PIUS系统采用最新的紫外技术。该系统采用高能效的低压高强紫外汞齐灯．使系统可根据流量及进水水质的变化而实时自动调节紫外灯的输出能量来优化系统能耗。