科技公司Patent Trolls相关问题研究

Patent Trolls是我国科技公司面临的一个重要问题。文章为科技公司解决以下问题提供参考:(1)Patent Trolls的内涵及运行;(2)防御专利侵权诉讼的时间与成本;(3)应对Patent Trolls的选择——谈判vs.诉讼;(4)谈判战略;(5)益于诉讼的建议。

Controllable combustion behaviors of the laser-controlled solid propellant

Microsatellites have been widely applied in the fields of communication,remote sensing,navigation and science exploration due to its characteristics of low cost,flexible launch mode and short development period.However,conventional solid-propellant have difficulties in starting and interrupting combustion because combustion is autonomously sustained after ignition Herein,we proposed a new type of solid-propellant named laser-controlled solid propellant,which is sensitive to laser irradiation and can be started or interrupted by switching on/off the continuous wave laser.To demonstrate the feasibility and investigate the controllable combustion behaviors under different laser on/off conditions,the combus tion parameters including burning rate,ignition delay time and platform pressure were tested using pressure sensor,high-speed camera and thermographic camera.The results showed that the increase of laser-on or laser-off duration both will lead to the decrease of propellant combustion performance during re-ignition and re-combustion process.This is mainly attributed to the laser attenuation caused by the accumulation of combustion residue and the change of chamber ambient temperature.Simultaneously the multiple ignition tests revealed that the increased chamber ambient temperature after combustion can make up for the energy loss of laser attenuation and expansion of chamber cavity.However,the laser-controlled combustion performance of solid propellant displayed a decrease trend with the addi-tion of ignition times.Nevertheless,the results still exchibited good laser-controlled agility of laser-controlled solid propellant and manifested its inspiring potential in many aspects of space missions.

“屠夫”与“诱饵”——略谈“troll”现象对知识产权领域竞争秩序的影响

"troll"不仅存在于专利领域,在著作权(某些特殊产品,如软件)、商标权领域也可能产生。它们对知识产权领域的竞争产生正反两方面的影响。

一次波/多次波相干涉情况下的多次波衰减——挪威Troll地区实例

有很多把多次反射同相轴解释成一次波,从而导致把数百万美元投进于井的实例。在一次波和多次波相干涉的时候,很可能会出现这种谬误的解释。不幸的是,地震数据中却包含有大量的这类干涉现象。在地质构造相对平缓的情况下,例如在挪威的Troll地区,亦毫无例外地存在着一次波和多次波的相互干涉现象。在这些地区。

Mini Troll智能音箱

价格：约190元 这个名叫Mini Troll的智能音箱十分神奇，它只在拥有接触面时才会传播声响，放歌时它的颜色会发生变化。Mini Troll体积很小，高度和直径都只有4．2cm。

面向温控负荷聚合调控的云边端网络资源分配

温控负荷是以空调和电热水器等为一类控制温度调节的柔性负荷,作为一类重要的需求侧资源,对负荷集群进行灵活的聚合调控可以充分调动清洁能源消纳能力,保障电网供需平衡。由于温控负荷常见于商业写字楼及居民区内,可对其采用较为稳定的控制与传输方式,故引入高效的分层分级传输网络,实现负荷与电网之间的数据传输与信息交互,灵活、实时、精准地利用负荷集群的调节潜力。首先提出了一种“中心云-边缘云-区域控制器-温控负荷”的云边端协同通信组网架构。接着,针对端-边部分,考虑不同聚合控制任务的需求,利用改进的聚类算法对任务进行分类,以减小传输开销。针对边-云协同部分,构建了考虑时延、能耗和误码率的传输开销效用函数,设计了基于稳定匹配和注水算法的子信道资源分配算法,并利用二进制粒子群算法解决了任务上传决策问题。最后,通过仿真验证了本文所提模型的有效性,并进行了对比实验。

Efficacy of Modified Qufeng Runmian Powder(加减祛风润面散)on Acne Vulgaris with Syndromes of Dampness and Blood Stasis:A Multicenter,Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Chinese medicine(CM)Modified Qufeng Runmian Powder(加减祛风润面散,MQFRMP)for the treatment of acne vulgaris with CM syndromes of dampness and blood stasis.Methods:In this multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical trial,220 acne vulgaris patients with CM syndrome of dampness and blood stasis were included and randomly assigned using a central area group random design to receive either MQFRMP or the placebo,with 110 cases in each group.MQFRMP or a placebo at 145 g/bag were administered once daily for 4 weeks,respectively.The primary index of efficacy was the effective rate according to the acne severity score(ASS).The secondary indices of efficacy included the changes in the dermatology life quality index(DLQI)score,VISIA scores(spots,pores,brown spots,porphyrins and red areas)and skin assessment(skin p H,sebum amount and hydration)according to a SOFT skin multianalyzer.Results:(1)Follow-up:a total of 204 patients completed the follow-up,with 103 in the treatment group and 101 in the control group.(2)Effective rate:the total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group[83.5%(86/103)vs.31.7%(32/101),P<0.01)]with 95%confidence interval of 39.3%–66.4%.(3)DLQI:DLQI scores were significantly decreased the treatment and control groups(both P<0.01),but the treatment group was more obvious than the placebo group(P<0.01).(4)VISIA scores:the scores of spots,brown spots and red areas in the treatment group decreased compared with baseline(P<0.05).In the control group,the scores of brown spots and pores decreased compared with baseline(P<0.05).The improvement was more obvious in the treatment group than in the control group for all items(P<0.05).(5)Skin assessment:the p H and sebum score in the both groups decreased drastically compared with the baseline(all P<0.01),however,the improvement was more obvious in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.01).The hydration amount in the two groups showed no statistically significant difference compared with the baseline(both P>0.05).(6)Safety:two cases of mild drug allergy were observed in the treatment group.Conclusion:MQFRMP was effective and safe for the treatment of acne vulgaris with syndromes of dampness and blood stasis.(No.ChiCTR1900020479).

Controlled release behaviors of chitosan/α,β- glycerophosphate thermo-sensitive hydrogels

Chitosan/α,β-glycerophosphate （CS/α,β-GP） thermo-sensitive hydrogels presented flowable solution state at low temperature and semisolid hydrogel when the ambient temperature increased. In this research, different concentrations of metronida- zole encapsulated, CS and α,β-GP, as well as different acid solvents, were chosen to evaluate their influences on the drug release behaviors from CS/α,β-GP hydrogels. It was found that there was a sustaining release during the first 3 h followed by a plateau. SEM images showed that drugs were located both on the surface and in the interior of hydrogels. The optimal preparation conditions of this hydrogel for drug release were as follows： 1.8% （w/v） CS in HAc solvent, 5.6% （w/v） a, 13-GP and 5g/L metronidazole encapsulation. Cytotoxicity evaluation found no toxic effect. In order to control the release rate, 2.5 g/L chitosan microspheres with spherical shape and smooth surface were incorporated, and it was found that the initial release process was alleviated, while drug concentration had no obvious effect on the release rate. It could be concluded that the metronidzole release behaviors could be optimized according to practical applica- tions.

ITBS型多分支井钻井系统在Troll油田获得75百万桶开采量

一种新型多分支钻井系统已被研制开发出来 ,该系统可提供机械和液力分离式接合 ,而且还具有在主井眼和侧向井眼进行老井重钻的能力。该系统也是一个简单的机械运转装置 ,仅需要最少的起下钻次数就可完成接合 ,并达到机械和液力分离。多分支钻井技术的应用减少了生产压差 ,增加了油藏内的波及效率 ,从而大大地提高了油藏采收率。

Review of controlled clinical trials on acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in Germany

OBJECTIVE: To examine German controlled clinical trials on the therapeutic effects of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture, and to find whether there are problems with the conclusion that sham acupuncture has no significant deviation from acupuncture. METHODS: We focused on literature from the last ten years (2002-2011) included in PubMed about controlled clinical trials on acupuncture vs sham acupuncture carried out in Germany. The methods applied in sham acupuncture are summarized, and the difference between the acupuncture and sham groups were analyzed. We measured effects based on the following criteria: acupuncture is effective and superior to sham, acupuncture is effective but similar to sham, both of them have uncertainty regarding treatment effect, or no significant effect. Finally, we reviewed the hypotheses of different scholars on sham acupuncture and analyzed their results.RESULTS: Four types of controlled clinical trials including sham acupuncture on non-Traditional Chinese Medicine acupoints, minimal acupuncture on non-acupoints, placebo needle and sham laser acupuncture had varying results in the 57 articles analyzed. Some showed that acupuncture had a better effect than sham, while some suggest acupuncture and sham had similar effects. In all studies using sham acupuncture on non-therapeutic points, sham electrodes, and sham electro-acupuncture, the therapeutic effect was better than sham. Of the trials, 37 demonstrated that acupuncture had a better effect than sham acupuncture. Only nine trials found no significant difference between acupuncture and sham. Two controlled trials for the same condition (neck pain) conducted by two different German research institutes used the same control method, but reached contradictory conclusions. CONCLUSION: We found problems in conclusions based on results of controlled clinical trials of sham acupuncture in Germany. Therefore, there is still not enough evidence to support the statements that "acupuncture and sham acupuncture have no difference in treatment effect" and "acupuncture is just a placebo effect." The control methods of sham acupuncture used in Germany may not be standardized and may not be suitable for acupuncture clinical trial research. We suggest that research on the methodology of sham acupuncture should be given priority in the design of acupuncture trials in the future.

Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation through acupoints of Pucan (BL 61) and Shenmai (BL 62) on intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma： a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) through acupoints on the intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with glaucoma.METHODS: A single-blinded, randomized experimental design study was conducted. Patients from the North of Taipei Ophthalmology outpatient department diagnosed with intraocular hypertension were selected and were further enrolled if they met the research subject criteria. The patients who met all criteria, and who met no exclusion criteria became the participants. Participants were randomly assigned into the treated group, wherein the TENS electrodes(Qing Ming Medical Device Co., Ltd.,New Taipei City, China) were applied with direct current(DC) on the acupoints Pucan(BL 61) and Shenmai(BL 62) for 20 min. The control group received no TENS electrode treatments. Measurements of IOP were taken four times using a pneumotonometer(Clinico Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, China), before,immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after TENS electrode treatments.RESULTS: Eighty-two participants completed the experiment. IOP decreased more in the group treated with DC(P < 0.01) than in the control group. The IOPs were not affected by the age of the patients and their usage of medications.CONCLUSION: TENS of acupoints of Pucan(BL 61)and Shenmai(BL 62) could significantly reduce the IOP in patients with glaucoma.

Chinese patent medicine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on principles of tonifying Qi, promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, and resolving phlegm: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine(CPM) with the principle of tonifying Qi, promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, and resolving phlegm(TQ-PBC-RP)in the management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) identified from electronic databases and print was conducted. RCTs testing CPMs with TQ-PBC-RP against any type of controlled intervention in patients with stable COPD and assessing clinically relevant outcomes were included. Methodological quality was evaluated with the risk of bias tool according to systematic review handbook 5.0.2. Quality of evidence was estimatedby the rating approach developed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development,and Evaluation Working Group.RESULTS: Thirteen eligible RCTs with 12 oral CPMs were tested. Significant differences between groups in favor of CPMs were not reported in all trials. Most trials included were deemed to be of low methodological quality with poor evidence quality.Because of large data heterogeneity, statistical pooling was not performed for all outcomes.CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of CPM in the treatment of stable COPD is not supported by evidence. Currently, evidence from RCTs is scarce and methodologically weak. Considering the popularity of CPMs among patients undergoing COPD, rigorously designed trials are warranted.

开源软件社区贡献者维权的法律问题——以德国“McHardy v.Geniatech”案为视角

开源软件的协作开发是一个复杂的动态创作过程,开发人员的组成、分工、能力等会发生经常性改变,社区贡献者流失与对应程序包丢弃、被接管等也普遍存在。不能依据开源软件版本控制系统记录中社区贡献者的署名和核心开发团队成员的署名推定社区贡献者为软件开发者。采取分支管理代码的方式开发的开源软件,在认定其著作权归属上应区分主线版本与分支版本。社区用户提交审核的代码具有独创性并被纳入主线版本的,该社区贡献者可以认定为主线版本的共同著作权人;未经过审核被纳入主线版本的分支版本是基于开源软件初始版本的改编作品,社区贡献者可以就其单独开发的分支版本自行维权。作为主线版本及分支版本的共同著作权人,社区贡献者应根据共同著作权人行使著作权的规定维权。德国“McHardy v.Geniatech”案表明社区贡献者发送警告函的行为在权利状况、警告内容、警告范围等方面均可能存在瑕疵,超出正当范围。GPLv2第四节关于使用者违规之后开源协议自动终止的规定也为勒索式维权提供了机会。为避免社区贡献者自行营利性维权,应借鉴国外著名开源社区的经验,鼓励开源软件社区管理组织确立以公开为原则、激励合规为导向的社区投诉和维权规则。

基于安徽省六安市金寨县地质构造对地质灾害发育影响的分析研究

金寨县历史崩塌、滑坡地质灾害在已知断裂带500 m范围内发育共计90处,发育程度受贯穿型磨子潭-晓天断裂带和金寨断裂带影响较大,其中磨子潭-晓天断裂带主要控灾模式为层状逆向坡+陡倾断裂控崩和块状缓倾断层控滑,金寨断裂带主要控灾模式为陡倾构造破碎控滑、断裂组合模式控滑和断裂控制顺向滑坡,在断裂带影响下,受人类工程活动改造,区域地质灾害更易发。对断裂控灾模式的分析研究,为后期国土空间规划提供一定的背景依据。

焦石坝地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征及其主控因素

孔隙结构是评价页岩储气能力、渗流能力以及是否具有商业开采价值的关键。以重庆焦石坝JY1井五峰组-龙马溪组底部富有机质页岩为研究对象,选取了15块页岩样品开展了有机碳含量、X射线衍射、压汞、氦气孔隙度测定,低温氮吸附、氩离子抛光电镜观察,并结合沥青反射率测定、天然气碳同位素等资料表征页岩孔隙体积、大小和分布特征;从外部和内部两方面探讨了孔隙结构的主要控制因素。研究表明:1JY1井五峰组-龙马溪组页岩孔隙类型主要为无机孔(黏土矿物晶间孔、粒间孔和粒内孔)、有机质孔和微裂缝;2压汞和吸附实验显示页岩孔隙结构相对较复杂,以孔径小于50nm的孔隙为主,微孔提供了大部分的比表面积(约占65%),中孔提供了大部分的比孔容(约占57%),且以四面开放的平行板状孔隙为主,兼有多种其他形态的孔隙;3自白垩纪以来的多次挤压抬升剥蚀过程中,构造应力或温压的变化可能形成了大量微裂缝,沉积环境的差异制约了富有机质页岩发育的厚度、分布以及有机碳的富集程度;4相关性分析表明,微孔、中孔的比表面积和比孔容与有机碳质量分数关系密切,其中中孔体积和微孔的比表面积表现最明显;黏土矿物和石英质量分数对孔隙结构的影响呈现此消彼长的效果;当Ro<3.0%时,微孔和中孔的比表面积、比孔容与Ro值呈弱的负相关,反之呈现增大趋势,这与过高热演化阶段,生气速率变慢反而制约了纳米级孔隙发育,导致微孔数量减少有关。

大口径高陡度离轴非球面精磨阶段的数控加工

对大口径高陡度离轴非球面的数控加工过程中遇到的矢高变化率太大、磨头去除特性改变等技术难题进行了深入细致的研究,并提出了相应的解决方法。首先,通过坐标变换降低高陡度离轴非球面的矢高变化率;然后,给出了磨头沿非球面的法线方向进行数控加工的具体实施方法;最后,对轮廓检验的结果进行修正,使之在法线方向投影,从而使数控加工能更加准确有效地控制面形误差收敛。给出了数控加工实例,精磨阶段达到面形精度PV:10.502 8μm,RMS:0.829 3μm。结果表明,提出的方法在工程中完全可行,并有较高的收敛效率。

东尼日尔Termit盆地构造演化及古近系油气成藏主控因素

东尼日尔Termit盆地是中西非裂谷系中典型的中—新生代裂谷盆地。盆地主要有早白垩世和古近纪两期断层:前者分布于盆地边界,走向NW—SE;后者在盆地边界和内部均有分布,在边界走向主要与早白垩世断层一致,在内部大多走向NNW—SSE。基于区域构造背景、沉积充填特征及盆地构造特征与前人砂箱模拟实验结果的对比研究认为,盆地经历了早白垩世正向引张作用和古近纪斜向引张作用,且正向—斜向引张作用对盆地构造特征和演化有重要控制作用。早期正向引张作用形成与基底前泛非期变质带近平行的早期断层,晚期斜向引张作用使后期断层特征主要受先存构造和伸展方向的控制,表现为:在盆地边界,后期断层受早白垩世断层影响较大,走向与先存构造近平行;在盆地内部和早期断层不发育的构造区域,后期断层主要受伸展方向控制,走向与其近垂直。通过对古近系油气分布特征和断层活动性研究,分析了该区油气成藏主控因素:Sokor2组区域性盖层控制油气垂向分布,断块圈闭的岩性侧向封堵条件控制圈闭有效性,古近纪裂陷期的断裂活动控制油气平面和含油气层系分布。在明确成藏主控因素基础上,建立了古近系油气跨世代聚集模式。

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术中的有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的评价血栓抽吸联合替罗非班在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术中的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane对照试验资料库(2012年第3期)、PubMed(1966—2012年)、EMBase(1900—2012年)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM,1978—2012年)、万方数据库(1978—2012年)及Google学术搜索,由2名评价者独立评价纳入研究的质量、提取资料并交叉核对,对同质研究采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入11篇文献,包括1 217例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者。Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比,观察组心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流Ⅲ级率〔RR=1.33,95%CI(1.20,1.47),P<0.00001〕、TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级〔WMD=0.93,95%CI(0.82,1.03),P<0.00001〕、校正的TIMI计帧数(CTFC)〔WMD=-8.43,95%CI(-12.99,-3.87),P=0.0003〕明显改善;观察组住院期间主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率〔RR=0.38,95%CI(0.27,0.54),P<0.00001〕明显降低,术后1周左室射血分数(LVEF)〔WMD=8.92,95%CI(8.04,9.80),P<0.00001〕、术后ST段回落>50%率〔RR=1.30,95%CI(1.15,1.46),P<0.0001〕明显提高,住院期间出血并发症发生率〔RR=1.21,95%CI(0.56,2.59),P>0.05〕未见明显增高、手术时间〔WMD=1.64,95%CI(-3.53,6.80),P>0.05〕未见明显延长。结论急诊PCI术中联合应用血栓抽吸和替罗非班可以改善STEMI患者TIMI血流、TMP分级及CTFC,提高LVEF,减少住院期间MACE发生率,改善术后ST段回落情况,且安全性较好。但限于纳入研究方法学方面的局限性,尚需开展大样本、高质量的随机对照试验以进一步论证其有效性和安全性。

黔西滇东典型矿区含煤地层热演化史分析

在系统研究黔西滇东地区构造特征、含煤地层发育及受热背景等基础上,运用BasinMod盆地模拟技术,探讨了格目底向斜及恩洪盆地含煤地层的埋藏史、热演化史,揭示出含煤地层成熟演化的阶段性。研究表明:黔西滇东地区煤变质作用主要受该区的沉积埋藏、岩浆热液和构造运动等多种因素控制,煤变质作用很不均匀;含煤地层被分割于众多独立次级向斜单元,总体上具有向斜控气的构造特征;格目底向斜晚二叠世煤现今处于焦煤—瘦煤阶段,镜质体反射率达1.7%左右,恩洪盆地则为气煤—肥煤阶段,镜质体反射率约1.0%。