Antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory properties of a novel flavonoid from Pistacia chinensis Bunge and its molecular docking analysis

Background:Pistacia chinensis Bunge has been traditionally used to manage various conditions,including asthma,pain,inflammation,hepatoprotection,and diabetes.The study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-lipoxygenase(LOX)properties of the isolated compound 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one from Pistacia chinensis.Methods:LOX assay and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay were performed.Molecular docking studies were conducted using a molecular operating environment.Results:The LOX assay revealed significant inhibitory effects at 0.2µM concentration,with an IC50 value of 37.80µM.The antioxidant effect demonstrated dose-dependency across 5 to 100µg/mL concentrations,reaching 93.09%at 100µg/mL,comparable to ascorbic acid’s 95.43%effect.Molecular docking studies highlighted strong interactions with the lipoxygenase enzyme,presenting an excellent docking score of-10.98 kcal/mol.Conclusion:These findings provide valuable insights into Pistacia chinensis’chemical components and biological effects,reinforcing its traditional medicinal applications.

Antioxidant effects of the orientin and vitexin in Trollius chinensis Bunge in D-galactose-aged mice

Total flavonoids are the main pharmaceutical components of Trollius chinensis Bunge, and orientin and vitexin are the monomer components of total flavonoids in Trollius chinensis Bunge. In this study, an aged mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose for 8 weeks, followed by treatment with 40, 20, or 10 mg/kg orientin, vitexin, or a positive control （vitamin E） via intragastric administration for an additional 8 weeks. Orientin, vitexin, and vitamin E improved the general medical status of the aging mice and significantly increased their brain weights. They also produced an obvious rise in total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in the serum, and the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, Na＋-K＋-ATP enzyme, and Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATP enzyme in the liver, brain and kidneys. In addition, they significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in the liver, brain and kidney and lipofuscin levels in the brain. They also significantly improved the neuronal ultrastructure. The 40 mg/kg dose of orientin and vitexin had the same antioxidant capacity as vitamin E. These experimental findings indicate that orientin and vitexin engender anti-aging effects through their antioxidant capacities.

Studies on Triterpenoid Saponins of Seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang

Aim To study the saponin constituents of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang. Methods Compounds were separated and purified by macroreticular resin column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and hydrolysis analysis. Results Six compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extracts. They were identified as escins IVc, IVd, Ia, Ib, isoescins Ia and Ib, respectively. Conclusion The above compounds were obtained from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var.chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang for the first time.

Research advances in the study of Pistacia chinensis Bunge, a superior tree species for biomass energy

As a renewable energy, biomass energy has aroused wide attention and studies of this issue have become a hot topic throughout the world. Pistacia chinensis Bunge （Anacardiaceae） is a superior species for biomass energy with high oil content in seeds and wide geographic distribution. It is a dioeciously, deciduous arbor, flowering from March to April and bearing fruits from September to November. The classification, regional distribution and biological characteristics ofP chinensis are stated in this paper, then, research advances in the growth, breeding and physiology of this species are summarized. The problems in present studies are broached. Finally, a future direction for research is proposed.

A Comparative Study of Flavonoid Water-Ethanol Extraction Process in Planted Trollius Chinensis

With rutin standard sample as the comparison, flavonoid extraction rate as an indicator, UV-2450 ultraviolet visible light spectrophotometer to measure flavonoid content in planted Trollius chinensis through orthogonal experiment, this experiment optimizes process condition of flavonoid in Trollius chinensis through water extraction and ethanol extraction. The result shows that flavonoid extraction rate of Trollius chinensis through ethanol extraction method is obviously higher than water extraction, and the optimal extraction process condition is： ethanol concentration is 75%, extraction time is 90min, extraction times are 3, and fluid material ratio is 20：1.

A Comparative Study of Process Parameter Optimization and Process of Flavonoid in Planted Trollius Chinensis through Backflow Method, Ultrasonic Wave Method and MicrowaveMethod

It takes flavonoid extraction rate as indicator and adopts the method of orthogonal experiment to study process of total flavonoid in Trollius chinensis through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction and backflow extraction, as well as optimization of process parameter. The result indicates that in terms of extraction efficiency, microwave extraction method is better than ultrasonic radiation extraction method, which is better than backflow extraction method. Optimal process parameter through backflow extraction is： backflow temperature 60℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 65%, backflow time 60min; optimal process parameter through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction is： ultrasonic radiation temperature 70℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 65%, ultrasonic wave radiation time 45rain; optimal process parameter of microwave assisted extraction is： microwave radiation temperature 60℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 75%, microwave radiation time 45min.

Optimization for Extraction Methods and Conditions of Polysaccharides from Trollius chinensis

Objective To determine the optimum extraction method and condition of poly-saccharides fromTrollius chinensis (TCP).Methods With the yield of TCP as index and water as solvent,reflux extraction,ultrasonic extraction and supercritical CO_2 extraction were employed to determine the efficient extraction method of TCP.Moreover,the conditions of reflux extraction were optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test.The content of polysaccharide was measured with phenol-sulfuric acid method.Results The data displayed that the crude polysaccharide(CPS)yield of regular reflux extraction was(11.7±0.12)%,superior to ultrasonic extraction and supercritical CO_2 extraction.The optimum conditions of reflux extraction were as follows:extraction temperature of 95℃,extraction time of 3hand the liquid-solid ratio of 20∶1.Under these conditions,the polysaccharide yield was (1.45±0.03)%,which was well in close agreement with the predicted value.Conclusion Regular reflux extraction was regarded as the optimal extraction method of TCP.The optimum conditions of reflux extraction were as follows:extraction temperature of 95℃,extraction time of 3hand the liquid-solid ratio of 20∶1.

Antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory activity of Cercis chinensis flowers

Antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory active compounds of Cercis chinensis flowers were investigated with bio-assay guiding method.Ethyl acetate fraction(CLEa)and n-butanol fraction(CLBu)exhibited antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory activity in vitro,and the corresponding active fractions,EaFr.3,EaFr.5 and BuFr.1,exhibited higher antioxidant andα-glucosidase inhibitiory activity than those of other fractions.Eight compounds,ethyl gallate(1),stearic acid(2),docosanoic acid(3),5α-stigmast-9(11)-en-3β-ol(4),kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside(5),vanillic acid(6),fisetin(7),andβ-sitosterol(8),were isolated and identified from CLEa and CLBu.Ethyl gallate shown the highest antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radical and reducing ferric compared.Docosanoic acid and vanillic acid shown strongerα-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of acarbose.

Protective effects of Pulsatilla chinensis Regel against isoproterenol-induced heart failure in mice

Objective:To study the cardioprotective effect of Baitouwen(Pulsatilla chinensis Regel,PR)in isoproterenol(ISO)induced heart failure in mice,and investigated the molecular targets using network pharmacological prediction and experimental validation.Methods:PR were orally administered to ISO induced HF mice for two weeks.The cardiac function was analyzed by echocardiography.Hematoxylin-eosinstaining(HE)was used to evaluate the pathological changes.The PR targets for HF were predicted by bioinformatics analysis tool(BATMAN-TCM).The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),and HF related genes Phosphodiesterase(PDEs),were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR or Immunohistochemical staining in heart tissues.Results:Cardiac hypertrophy was observed after ISO treatment,and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were arranged in disorder.Moreover,the expression of ANP and BNP gene in myocardium were upregulated(P<0.05).Treatment of HF mice with PR aqueous extract improved cardiac function characterized by enhanced ejection fraction(EF)and fraction shortening(FS).Furthermore,PR extract also downregulated the expression of ANP and BNP in the heart tissues.Arrangement of cardiomyocytes was also improved.Furthermore,administration of PR group decreased target genes PDE5 and PDE1C expression in the hearts.In addition,PR treatment also improved myocardial fiber distribution and decreased myocardial thickness in the hearts of HF mice.Conclusion:PR treatment may suppress cardiac hypertrophy and improve myocardial function in HF mice via inhibiting the predicted targets PDE5 expression.These results suggest the potential of using PR in preventing the development of HF.

金莲花多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性评价

目的优化金莲花多糖提取工艺,并分析测试金莲花多糖抗氧化活性。方法采用回流提取法提取金莲花多糖,通过单因素考察料液比、提取温度、提取时间3个因素对金莲花多糖提取率的影响,并在此基础上通过正交试验设计对提取工艺进行优化。以DPPH自由基、ABTS^(+)自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子清除能力和总还原力为指标评价金莲花多糖的抗氧化活性。结果金莲花多糖的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶25、提取温度80℃、提取时间2 h,在此条件下金莲花多糖的提取率为1.350%±0.125%。体外抗氧化实验结果表明,金莲花多糖其DPPH自由基、ABTS^(+)自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率IC_(50)分别为0.161、0.079、0.006、4.216 mg·mL^(-1),且当浓度为4.0 mg·mL^(-1)时,总还原力为2.78。结论优化的金莲花多糖提取工艺提取率较高且获得的金莲花多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,对金莲花多糖的进一步开发利用提供了参考依据。

不同产地金莲花种质评价及物质形成机制研究

采用显微观察、高效液相色谱法等评价大兴安岭和五台山产地的金莲花种子生物学、显微、化学特性,系统性评价两产地种质差异,并依托转录组学技术进行测序分析种质物质差异形成机制,为金莲花种质筛选及植物的品种选育提供重要参考。结果表明,大兴安岭金莲花种子含水率、吸水率、生活力等生物学特性优于五台山产地。经HPLC法测定大兴安岭荭草苷和牡荆素含量分别为0.014 3~0.014 6 mg/g、0.840~0.868 mg/g。转录组学测序共拼接得到Unigene 32 959条,获得差异基因3 165个。大兴安岭金莲花种质优势可能与调控S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸3′-羟基-N-甲基氯嘌呤4′-O-甲基转移酶、乙醛脱氢酶(NAD(P)(+))ald5、查尔酮合成酶2、植物过氧化物酶等关键酶的基因参与苯丙烷类物质生物合成、异喹啉生物碱生物合成、类黄酮生物合成等密切相关。

中国黄连木资源价值及其开发利用对策

旨在为中国黄连木资源的研究及开发利用提供参考依据,综述了中国黄连木的多用途价值,系统阐述了中国黄连木雌雄同株资源的挖掘与利用价值,并针对黄连木研究现状提出相关开发利用对策。中国黄连木具有重要的油脂价值、药用价值、食用价值、材用价值、观赏价值、生态系统服务价值及文化价值等,尤其近年来发现了珍贵的雌雄同株资源,开发潜力巨大。在黄连木未来的开发利用中,应当保护和筛选黄连木优良种质资源,提高栽培管理技术以及加强对黄连木全株资源的综合利用,以促进黄连木产业的进一步发展。

中国黄连木雄花序不同花期营养品质变化

为了确定黄连木(Pistacia chinensis Bunge)雄花序食用的最佳采收期,以提供最佳营养品质的雄花序,提高黄连木的综合利用率。测定雄花序7个不同生长时期的17个营养指标,探究雄花序生长过程中营养品质变化并进行主成分综合评价。结果表明:随着黄连木雄花序生长时期推移,雄花序外观整体大小呈先增大后平缓增大的趋势,含水率随雄花序的生长呈先升高后降低的趋势,在盛花前期达到最高,为70%左右。黄连木雄花序的可溶性糖质量分数随生长周期的增加呈先上升后降低的趋势,总体质量分数为64.44~111.14 mg·g^(-1),最大值出现在盛花期。蛋白质质量浓度在盛花期前较为稳定,在盛花期后呈下降趋势,总体质量浓度为151.25~265.625 g·L^(-1)。总氨基酸质量摩尔浓度表现出波动上升的趋势,总体质量摩尔浓度为7.41~18.31μmol·mg^(-1)。雄花序内的9种矿质元素质量分数变化不一。N元素呈波动下降的趋势,总体质量分数为24.20~42.50 g·kg^(-1);P元素总体变化较为稳定,在盛花期后出现下降,总体质量分数为2724.00~6468.00 mg·kg^(-1);K元素表现为波动变化且稍有上升的趋势,总体质量分数为22526.67~37811.33 mg·kg^(-1);Ca元素表现为先下降后上升,总体质量分数为1480.00~4401.33 mg·kg^(-1);Mg元素质量分数总体较稳定,为1359.33~1527.67 mg·kg^(-1),在盛花期前后达到最高;Fe元素质量分数在盛花前期之前较为稳定,在盛花前期之后急速上升,至末花期达到最大值,总体质量分数为132.67~391.33 mg·kg^(-1);Mn元素呈先上升后下降的趋势,在盛花期前后达到最高,总体质量分数为13.97~20.37 mg·kg^(-1);Cu元素呈波动下降的趋势,总体质量分数为9.25~17.08 mg·kg^(-1);Zn元素整体表现为下降趋势,总体质量分数为21.88~49.07 mg·kg^(-1)。总多酚质量分数呈先下降后上升的趋势,总黄酮、槲皮素、山奈酚质量分数总体呈先上升后下降的趋势,且三者均在盛花期前后达到最高。对黄连木雄花序主要营养指标进行主成分分析并对其综合品质进行排序可以看出,黄连木雄花序最佳采收期为在4月11日—4月13日(盛花前期-盛花期),此时雄花序综合营养品质较佳。

基于SCAR标记和DNA条形码技术的苍术基原鉴别研究

目的开发出能同时鉴别北苍术和关苍术的分子标记方法,并探究不同种质资源苍术的遗传进化关系。方法对不同地区北苍术Atractylodes chinensis(Bunge)Koidz及关苍术A.japonica Koidz.ex Kitam基因组DNA的差异片段进行测序,结合SRAP、ISSR、DAMD分子标记方法,优化PCR反应体系,筛选并转换成特异性标记,同时,采用条形码方法分析种间序列差异。结果通过SRAP、ISSR、DAMD三种分子标记方法的PCR扩增,共筛选出198对能稳定扩增且重现性好的引物,转换出7对能稳定、快速鉴别北苍术和关苍术的SCAR引物。条形码方法检测出北苍术ITS2序列长度为454 bp,关苍术ITS2序列长度为453 bp,与其他苍术属植物之间遗传距离较远。NJ树结果显示,北苍术、关苍术及其他苍术属植物均各自聚为一支,表现出良好的单系性。依据ITS2二级结构,4种苍术属植物在螺旋区的茎环数目、大小、位置均有明显差异,可以直观地进行区分。结论所开发的特异性SCAR标记为苍术属植物优良品种的筛选提供了新方法,DNA条形码能稳定、准确鉴别北苍术。

金莲花总黄酮腹腔注射对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗作用及其机制

目的观察金莲花总黄酮腹腔注射对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗作用并探讨其机制。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、金莲花总黄酮组、铁死亡抑制剂组,每组18只。除假手术组外,各组均采用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞模型;假手术组手术操作与模型组基本相同但未插线栓。金莲花总黄酮组、铁死亡抑制剂组在造模完成后分别腹腔注射金莲花总黄酮及铁死亡抑制剂Lip-1,假手术组、模型组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,连续给药3 d,每天1次。采用Longa评分法对大鼠的神经功能缺损进行评分,TTC染色测算脑组织梗死体积百分比,比色法检测脑组织氧化应激指标活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),Western blotting法检测脑组织铁死亡相关蛋白谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶(ACSL4)、转铁蛋白受体1(TFR1)、膜铁转运蛋白1(Ferroportin-1)。结果神经功能缺损评分、脑梗死体积百分比模型组>金莲花总黄酮组、铁死亡抑制剂组>假手术组(P均<0.05)。脑组织ROS、MDA含量模型组>金莲花总黄酮组、铁死亡抑制剂组>假手术组,GSH-Px含量假手术组>金莲花总黄酮组、铁死亡抑制剂组>模型组(P均<0.05)。脑组织GPX4、TFR1、Ferroportin-1蛋白表达模型组<金莲花总黄酮组、铁死亡抑制剂组、假手术组,ACSL4蛋白表达模型组>金莲花总黄酮组、铁死亡抑制剂组、假手术组(P均<0.05)。结论金莲花总黄酮腹腔注射对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有一定的治疗作用,其机制可能与抑制脑组织铁死亡有关。

金莲花抑菌抗病毒活性成分的初步研究

用柱层析等色谱分离手段从金莲花中得到3个纯化合物,通过UV、IR、1H-NMR等现代波谱技术分别鉴定为原金莲酸、牡荆甙和荭草甙.对上述化合物和所提取的总黄酮样品进行抑菌、抗病毒活性研究.结果表明,总黄酮、牡荆甙和荭草甙对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌有很好的抑制效果,并对副流感病毒有强的抑制作用.该项研究是由本实验室首次报道.

遮阴处理对金莲花生长发育和生理响应的影响

【目的】研究不同遮阴处理对金莲花生长发育和生理响应的影响,旨在寻求适宜金莲花生长的最佳遮阴度和最佳遮阴时间。【方法】以2年龄金莲花为材料,自5月5日至落叶期进行遮阴处理(0%(CK)、40%、60%和80%),测定金莲花形态指标(株高、叶片数量、叶面积、叶柄长、冠幅、花径、单株开花量、群体花期)和生理指标(丙二醛(MDA)、细胞膜透性、超氧阴离子自由基、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量)。采用透射电镜观察不同遮阴处理下金莲花叶片叶绿体超微结构。【结果】遮阴处理促进金莲花生长发育,其中,40%、60%遮阴处理提高了单株开花量和花径,延长了金莲花群体花期;60%和80%遮阴处理下叶绿体内基粒数、基粒厚度和基粒片层显著增加,淀粉粒数量显著减少;随生长发育期延长,金莲花对遮阴的生理响应不同。遮阴40 d时,遮阴对金莲花造成一定弱光胁迫,表现在:随遮阴度增加,叶绿素含量、SOD活性持续下降,MDA含量和细胞膜透性逐渐上升;遮阴处理80 d时,遮阴促进金莲花生长,表现在:遮阴处理下细胞膜透性、超氧阴离子自由基显著小于对照,叶绿素含量极显著高于对照。其中,60%和80%遮阴分别极显著和显著提高了可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性;遮阴120 d时,遮阴不利于金莲花生长,遮阴处理显著提高了细胞膜透性,极显著降低了POD活性。【结论】5月至6月中旬金莲花以全光照或40%遮阴为宜,夏季高温季节以40%和60%遮阴为宜,夏末、秋初应及时撤去遮阴棚。

AB-8大孔吸附树脂分离长瓣金莲花总黄酮

研究了AB-8大孔吸附树脂对金莲花总黄酮的吸附和解吸特性,并比较了AB-8树脂与聚酰胺对金莲花总黄酮的纯化能力.结果表明,经AB-8树脂纯化的总黄酮纯度为38 9%,比粗提物的总黄酮纯度提高了2 88倍;且其纯化能力与聚酰胺相当.

金莲花黄酮微波辅助提取及其抗氧化性

采用单因素分析结合正交试验的方法,研究了金莲花黄酮微波辅助提取的工艺条件,以清除DPPH自由基法,对金莲花黄酮的抗氧化性进行了分析,并比较了金莲花黄酮、VC和BHT的抗氧化能力。实验结果表明:微波辅助提取金莲花黄酮的最佳工艺条件是体积分数60%乙醇为溶剂,每克料浸提剂体积为20 mL,微波功率600 W,温度60℃,提取时间2 min。在此工艺下,金莲花黄酮提取率为83.7%;金莲花黄酮能有效地清除DPPH自由基,具有较强的抗氧化能力,与VC和BHT相比,其抗氧化能力为VC>金莲花黄酮>BHT。另外,研究发现金莲花黄酮与VC和金莲花黄酮与BHT均具有一定的抗氧化协同效应。

金莲花挥发油成分分析及其在卷烟加香中的应用

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏、同时蒸馏萃取、超声、闪式、先超声后同时蒸馏萃取、先闪式后同时蒸馏萃取6种提取方法提取金莲花挥发油,运用GC-MS分析挥发油的成分,并进行卷烟加香实验。结果表明:金莲花挥发油得率分别为0.20%、0.67%、2.31%、2.67%、0.82%、0.78%,分别鉴定出20、30、19、18、37、30种成分;其中,β-紫罗兰酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯等为主要的香气成分;超声和闪式提取方法虽然挥发油得率高,但是杂质也较多,先超声后同时蒸馏萃取的挥发油优于其他几种。在烟丝中,添加适量金莲花挥发油,能提高卷烟烟气的香气质和香气量,降低刺激性,改善余味,先超声后同时蒸馏萃取的挥发油加香效果最好。