Effects of sevoflurane on left ventricular function by speckletracking echocardiography in coronary bypass patients: A randomized trial

The present study aimed to dynamically observe the segmental and global myocardial movements of the left ventricle during coronary artery bypass grafting by transesophageal speckle-tracking echocardiography,and to assess the effect of sevoflurane on cardiac function.Sixty-four patients scheduled for the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly divided into a sevoflurane-based anesthesia(AS)group and a propofolbased total intravenous anesthesia(AA)group.The AS group demonstrated a higher absolute value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain than that of the AA group at both T1(after harvesting all grafts and before coronary anastomosis)and T_(2)(30 min after completing all coronary anastomoses)(P<0.05).Moreover,strain improvement in the segment with the highest preoperative strain was significantly reduced in the AS group,compared with the AA group at both T1 and T_(2)(P<0.01).The flow of the left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending artery graft was superior,and the postoperative concentration of troponin T decreased rapidly in the AS group,compared with the AA group(P<0.05).Compared with total intravenous anesthesia,sevoflurane resulted in a significantly higher global longitudinal strain,stroke volume,and cardiac output.Sevoflurane also led to an amelioration in the condition of the arterial graft.Furthermore,sevoflurane significantly reduced strain improvement in the segmental myocardium with a high preoperative strain value.The findings need to be replicated in larger studies.

Echocardiographic Aspects of Type 2 Diabetics Patients Hospitalized in the Medicine and Endocrinology Department of the Mali Hospital

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in diabetics. The objective of our study was to investigate the echocardiographic aspects of type 2 diabetics. Patients and Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional study of 12 months from June 2020 to June 2021. We included hospitalized type 2 diabetics who underwent transthoracic cardiac ultrasound in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology at the Mali Hospital. Results: We collected 128 type 2 diabetics. The predominance was male with a sex ratio of 1.2. The mean age of patients was 60.06 ± 11.54 years with extremes of 28 and 84 years. Echocardiographic abnormalities were dominated by abnormal relaxation of left ventricle in 62.5%, increased of left ventricle mass in 54.7% and left atrium dilation in 28.1%. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension had more left atrium dilation with a p of 0.02. Disorders of global kinetics and systolic dysfunction were more prevalent in smoking patients with statistically significant associations, respectively, p = 0.02;p = 0.03. Dyslipidemia had a statistically significant association with segmental kinetic disorders with a p of 0.008. Duration of diabetes greater than 5 years was associated with left atrium dilation and p-value was 0.04. Conclusion: Diabetes is responsible for cardiovascular manifestations that can be identified with transthoracic echocardiography. Its performance in diabetic patients makes it possible to refine the patient’s management.

Intelligent diagnosis of atrial septal defect in children using echocardiography with deep learning

Background Atrial septal defect(ASD)is one of the most common congenital heart diseases.The diagnosis of ASD via transthoracic echocardiography is subjective and time-consuming.Methods The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of automatic detection of ASD in children based on color Doppler echocardiographic static images using end-to-end convolutional neural networks.The proposed depthwise separable convolution model identifies ASDs with static color Doppler images in a standard view.Among the standard views,we selected two echocardiographic views,i.e.,the subcostal sagittal view of the atrium septum and the low parasternal four-chamber view.The developed ASD detection system was validated using a training set consisting of 396 echocardiographic images corresponding to 198 cases.Additionally,an independent test dataset of 112 images corresponding to 56 cases was used,including 101 cases with ASDs and 153 cases with normal hearts.Results The average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,recall,precision,specificity,F1-score,and accuracy of the proposed ASD detection model were 91.99,80.00,82.22,87.50,79.57,and 83.04,respectively.Conclusions The proposed model can accurately and automatically identify ASD,providing a strong foundation for the intelligent diagnosis of congenital heart diseases.

Clinical Value of Echocardiographic Screening and Dynamic Observations for Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Newborns

Objective:To explore and analyze the clinical value of echocardiography screening and dynamic observation for ductus arteriosus closure in newborns.Methods:The study was conducted from August 2022 to December 2023.500 newborns who were admitted to our hospital were selected as research subjects for this study(Kunming Tongren Hospital).All subjects underwent echocardiography to determine the severity of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).The inner diameter of the pulmonary artery was measured,and the pulmonary artery pressure was estimated through tricuspid regurgitation.If the patient had high pulmonary artery pressure,elective closure surgery was performed.Results:Among the 500 subjects,448 cases of ductus arteriosus closure and 52 cases of PDA were detected by echocardiography,including 23 cases of simple PDA,15 cases with patent foramen ovale,11 cases with atrial septal defect,1 case with muscular ventricular septal defect,1 case with tricuspid valve prolapse,and 1 case with tricuspid valve chordae tendineae rupture.After symptomatic treatment and intervention,their echocardiogram results were reviewed and no abnormalities were found.All measurement results of children with PDA combined with pulmonary hypertension were better than before treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Echocardiography is a fast,accurate,and reliable non-invasive imaging examination technology.It can significantly improve congenital heart disease detection rate in infants and young children.Early intervention based on the examination results can dramatically improve the quality of life of infants and young children with PDA.

Self-Appraisal of Clinical Competence in Echocardiography of Chinese Intensivists Post Basic Echocardiography Training

Objectives To learn the echocardiography skills of intensivists after receiving a basic critical care echocardiography training course,and investigate factors that may influence their performance.Methods We completed a web-based questionnaire that assessed the skills in ultrasound scanning techniques of intensivists who took a training course on basic critical care echocardiography held in 2019 and 2020.MannWhitney test was used to analyze the factors which might affect their performance on image acquisition,recognizing clinical syndrome,and measuring the diameter of inferior vena cava,left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral.Results We enrolled 554 physicians from 412 intensive care units across China.Among them,185(33.4%)reported that they had 10%-30%chance of being misled by critical care echocardiography when making therapeutic decision,and 34(6.1%)reported that the chance was greater than 30%.Intensivists who performed echocardiography under the guidance of a mentor and finished ultrasound scanning more than 10 times per week reported significant higher scores in image acquisition,clinical syndrome recognition,and quantitative measurement of inferior vena cava diameter,left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral than those without mentor and performing echocardiography 10 times or less per week respectively(all P 0.05).Conclusion The skills in diagnostic medical echocardiography of Chinese intensivists after a basic echocardiographic training course remain low,and further quality assurance training program is clearly warranted.

Quantitative Parameters Analysis for Prenatally Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Background:Atrioventricular septal defects(AVSDs)are screened and diagnosed usually rely on the imaging characteristics of fetal echocardiography(FE).However,diagnosis on images is heavily depended on sonographers’experience and the quantitative data are rarely studied.Objective:This study aimed to realize the prenatal diagnosis of AVSDs by analyzing the quantitative data on FE.Methods:One hundred and thirteen cardiac quantitative data was analyzed in 370 normal and 49 AVSDs fetuses retrospectively.The top six with the highest diagnostic accuracy rate were acquired according to the area under the curve(AUC),and the diagnostic value of six variables was analyzed.Results:Six parameters obtained on the four-chamber view(4CHV),including the atrial to ventricular length ratio in end-diastole(AVLR-ED),AVLR-ED combined with the atrial to ventricular length ratio in end-systole(AVLR-ES),quantile score(Q score)of AVLR-ED,Q score of AVLR-ES,Q score of ventricle length in end-diastole(VL-ED),and AVLR-ES,were the top six with the highest diagnostic value,and the AUC was 0.99(95%CI 0.99–1.00),0.99(95%CI 0.99–1.00),0.99(95%CI 0.98–1.00),0.95(95%CI 0.91–0.99),0.93(95%CI 0.87–0.99),and 0.91(95%CI 0.83–1.00),respectively.And within the 20%false positive rate,the diagnostic sensitivity was greater than 100%,100%,100%,90%,90%,and 88%,respectively.Conclusions:Six variables could be used for prenatal diagnosis of AVSDs.Among them,AVLR-ED and Q score of AVLR-ED,obtained on the 4CHV,were more convenient to acquire and had higher diagnostic accuracy.

Real-Time Remote-Mentored Echocardiography in Management of Newborns with Critical Congenital Heart Defects

Background:The management of suspected critical congenital heart defects(CCHD)relies on timely echocardiographic diagnosis.The availability of experienced echocardiographers is limited or even non-existent in many hospitals with obstetric units.This study evaluates remote-mentored echocardiography performed by physicians without experience in imaging of congenital heart defects(CHD).Methods:The setup included a pediatric cardiologist in a separate room,guiding a physician without experience in echocardiographic imaging of CHD in the examination of a symptomatic newborn.This remote-mentoring pair was blinded to the diagnosis of the newborn and presented with a simplified patient history.The echocardiographic images were streamed to the laptop of the mentor,along with a webcam feed showing the probe position.The task was to identify CCHD in need of immediate transfer to a pediatric cardiac surgical center.The result was compared to the previously completed echocardiographic report and the clinical decision of the patient-responsible pediatric cardiologist.Results:During 17 months,15 newborns were recruited.All six newborns with CCHD were correctly labeled by the remotementoring pair.One newborn with Tetralogy of Fallot was erroneously labeled as needing immediate transfer.Eight newborns without CCHD were correctly labeled.Conclusions:Remote-mentored echocardiography performed by examiners without experience in imaging CHD identified all newborns with CCHD in need of immediate transfer for specialist care.The setup shows promising results for improving the management of CCHD in hospitals without continuous pediatric cardiology service.

ECG and Echocardiographic Findings of Female Hypertension (fHTN) in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital Gabriel Touré (UH-GT)

Introduction: In our setting there is a lack of publications on female hypertension in general population motivating this study to look for electro- and echocardiographic findings of female hypertension. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study during 6 months in the cardiology department of the UH-GT including 324 female patients aged 18 and more seen in the outpatient unit and by whom the diagnosis of hypertension was set. All patients consented to be study participants after receiving clearly information about the study and that care giving will not be affected by their eventual refusal. Data collection has been done with all needed confidentiality rules. A survey formular was used to collect data in order to record them in an Access database. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS software. Quantitative data are presented as mean with standard deviation and qualitative as proportion. Level of significance for statistic test was set at 5%. Results: During the study time 324 among 524 hypertensive patients visited our outpatient unit giving a prevalence of fHTN of 61.8%. The means for age, body mass index (BMI) in female hypertensive patients were respectively 52 ± 14.461 years and 27.35 ± 06.585 Kg/m2. Main ECG findings were left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and sinus tachycardia with respectively 93.6% and 46.4% followed by isolated ventricular extrasystole with 33.7%. Echocardiography findings included LVH, relative wall thickness (RWT) and reduced ejection fraction (EF) in respectively 41.05%, 37.35% and 21.91%. The left ventricular mass (LV) mass and geometry were abnormal in 44.4% and 37.3%. Remodeling as geometry modification (18.2%) and mitral flow Type 2 (90.4%) have been the most abnormal findings. Conclusion: Hypertension induced modifications mainly LVH in ECG and Echocardiography in female patients less than encountered among male hypertensive patients.

Epidemiological, Clinical and Echocardiographic Aspects of Non-Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the POINT G University Hospital

Introduction: LVH is the earliest cardiovascular abnormality in CKD. It is a significant risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease. The objective of this study was to investigate non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in CKD patients hospitalised in the nephrology and haemodialysis department of the POINT G University Hospital. Methods: This is a prospective study carried out from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 and concerned chronic renal failure patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Results: During our study, we recorded 89 cases of non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a prevalence of 42.8%. The sex ratio was 1.2 in favour of men. The average age of the patients was 45 ± 14.4 years with extremes of 16 and 78 years. The risk factors frequently found were anaemia (100%) and hypertension (92.1%). The clinical picture was dominated by the left heart failure syndrome (66.3% of cases). The different types of echocardiographic hypertrophy found were concentric (72%), eccentric (18%) and septal hypertrophy (10%). Conclusion: Non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the early cardiovascular abnormality encountered in CKD. It is associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, anaemia and phosphocalcic disorders.

Current role and future perspectives of artificial intelligence in echocardiography

Echocardiography is an essential tool in diagnostic cardiology and is fundamental to clinical care.Artificial intelligence(AI)can help health care providers serving as a valuable diagnostic tool for physicians in the field of echocardiography specially on the automation of measurements and interpretation of results.In addition,it can help expand the capabilities of research and discover alternative pathways in medical management specially on prognostication.In this review article,we describe the current role and future perspectives of AI in echocardiography.

实时三维超声心动图结合二维斑点追踪技术评价高龄孕晚期孕妇左心室收缩功能

目的:运用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)和二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)评估高龄孕晚期孕妇左心室收缩功能。方法:选取20~45岁孕晚期孕妇为研究对象,另纳入年龄匹配的健康查体女性102例作为对照组。对所有纳入对象用辛普森双平面法、2D-STI及RT-3DE进行检查分析,采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验对比高龄孕妇与对照组受试者左室收缩功能的差异。结果:三种方法测量的左室射血分数(LVEF)组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。高龄孕妇较高龄对照受试者左室LSapi减低,Tmsv-16-SD%及Tmsv-16-Dif%增高(P<0.05),高龄孕妇较适龄孕妇LSbas增加(P<0.05)。结论:高龄孕妇孕晚期LVEF处于正常水平,但可能已经存在左室壁局部纵向应变减低和心肌运动同步性减低,RT-3DE及2D-STI均可早期评价左室收缩功能改变,提示临床给予早期干预。

Analysis of the Diagnostic Value of Echocardiography in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Objective:This study aims to analyze the diagnostic value of echocardiography in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods:30 patients with chronic heart failure admitted to our hospital during January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the observation group,and 30 healthy people who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the reference group.Both groups received echocardiography,and the results of the ultrasound examination were compared,and the subjects in the observation group were grouped according to the New York Heart Association(NYHA)cardiac function grading standard.The results of echocardiography in patients with chronic heart failure of different cardiac function grades were compared.Results:The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and ratio of maximum blood flow in the early diastole(E)to movement speed(A)(E/A)in the observation group were lower than those in the reference group,while the left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWd),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left atrial diameter(LAD),and interventricular septal thickness(IVS)were higher than those of the reference group(P<0.05).With the continuous increase of cardiac function grades,the levels of LVEF and E/A in patients with chronic heart failure continued to decrease,while the levels of LVPWd,LVEDD,LVESD,LAD,and IVS continued to increase,and there were significant differences among the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of echocardiography in the clinical diagnosis of chronic heart failure can accurately evaluate the changes of cardiac shape and cardiac function,and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis with a high application value.

小剂量咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼在住院患者经食道超声心动图检查中的应用效果观察

目的观察小剂量咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼在住院患者经食道超声心动图(TEE)检查中的应用效果。方法采用前瞻性队列研究的方法,共纳入2017年2月至9月于河北医科大学第二医院行TEE检查的260例住院患者,分为单纯表面麻醉组(C组)54例,咪达唑仑组(M组)27例和咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼组(MS组)179例。三组患者均给予丁卡因胶浆行口咽部表面麻醉,C组不作其他处理,M组静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03 mg/kg,MS组静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03 mg/kg并静脉注射舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg。M组和MS组术中根据患者反应决定是否追加药物。记录三组患者入室后(T_(0))、探头置入成功时(T_(1))、探头置入成功后5 min(T_(2))的无创血压收缩压(NSBP)、心率(HR)和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2)),记录探头置入难易程度、TEE检查时间、术中不良事件、检查者满意度。检查结束后用改良Aldrete量表评分判断患者恢复程度。术后24 h随访患者对麻醉的满意度及术后不良反应发生情况。结果三组探头置入难易程度、检查者满意度评分和患者术后对麻醉的满意度评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与C组同时间点比较,M组和MS组T_(1)和T_(2)时间点NSBP和SpO_(2)降低,MS组T_(1)和T_(2)时间点HR降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与M组同时间点比较,MS组T_(2)时间点SpO_(2)降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与T_(0)时间点相比,C组T_(1)和T_(2)时间点HR升高,MS组的HR在T_(2)时间点降低,M组和MS组T_(1)和T_(2)时间点NSBP降低,MS组T_(1)和T_(2)时间点SpO_(2)降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组术中不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均未出现需要处理的心动过缓和心动过速。C组患者术后恶心发生率显著高于M组和MS组,术后咽部不适发生率显著高于MS组(P<0.05)。术中不良事件和术后不良反应经及时处理后所有患者均恢复正常,无不良后果发生。结论在表面麻醉的基础上,小剂量咪达唑仑、咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼均可安全有效地应用于住院患者TEE检查中,咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼的效果更佳,但需注意可能发生的低氧血症。

应用二维斑点追踪技术评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者右心室功能

目的 :应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)技术评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者右心室收缩功能的改变。方法:纳入经多导睡眠监测确诊OSAS患者49例为OSA组,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)进行分度,轻度12例,中度9例,重度28例,同期选择年龄、性别相匹配无打鼾史的健康志愿者40例为对照组。应用常规超声心动图和2D-STI技术测量所有受试者的超声心动图参数,比较两组参数的差异。结果:与对照组相比,OSA组右房容积指数(RAVI)显著增大(P=0.04),三尖瓣口舒张晚期血流峰值速度(A-tv)显著升高(P=0.025),三尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰值速度/三尖瓣口舒张晚期血流峰值速度(E/A)减低(P=0.047),组织多普勒(TDI)三尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ea)显著减低(P=0.014)。OSA组右心室整体纵向应变(RV-GLS)(P=0.036)和右心室游离壁纵向应变(RV-FWLS)(P=0.039)显著减低。轻中度组与重度组比较,重度组RV-GLS(P=0.002)、RV-FWLS(P=0.030)显著减低,重度组RVFW基底段纵向应变(P=0.033)、心尖段纵向应变(P=0.028)显著减低,两组RVFW中间段纵向应变差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:OSAS患者右心室舒张和收缩功能均出现异常改变,2D-STI可早期发现OSAS患者右心室收缩功能的改变,且随着病情严重程度的增加,收缩功能呈减低趋势,右心室纵向应变可作为临床重要的参数,为临床治疗和预后提供有价值的信息。

经胸超声心动图监测引导在经皮卵圆孔未闭封堵术中的应用效果

目的 观察经胸超声心动图(TTE)监测引导在经皮卵圆孔未闭(PFO)封堵术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析98例PFO患者的资料,患者均行介入封堵术。依据术中引导方式的不同分成X线组(n=50)和TTE组(n=48)。比较2组封堵情况、并发症发生情况、手术指标、右向左分流(RLS)分级情况以及合并偏头痛者的头痛改善情况。结果 98例PFO均成功完成封堵,其中TTE组有2例因术中声窗欠佳,加用经食道超声引导。TTE组手术时间长于X线组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后,2组RLS分级及偏头痛者头痛影响测验-6(HIT-6)评分低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 单纯TTE引导的经皮PFO封堵术对PFO患者RLS、偏头痛的改善效果较好,且能规避X线对医患所造成的辐射损伤。

心肌超声造影定量分析辅助诊断左心房非活动性黏液瘤一例

1病例资料患者女性,51岁,因“发现血压升高6年余,反复头晕1年余”于2022年1月25日入院。患者6年前诊断为“高血压1级,低危组”,规律服用硝苯地平缓释片,20 mg/d,血压控制平稳。近1年来反复出现头晕,无头疼、恶心呕吐,无视物旋转,无肢体麻木等。既往无特殊。查体:血压135/80 mmHg,体温36.5℃,神志清楚,步行入院,双肺未闻及干湿啰音;心界不大,心率76次/min,心律齐,未闻及病理性杂音;腹软,无压痛,肝脾肋下未触及;双下肢无水肿,生理反射正常,病理反射未引出。头部CT检查未见异常。

PBL结合CBL教学法在麻醉医师TEE培训中的应用

目的 探讨基于问题学习的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)结合基于案例(case-basedlearning,CBL)应用于麻醉医师掌握食道超声心动图技术(trans esophageal echocardiography,TEE)的效果。方法于2022年2月—2023年2月将广州医科大学附属第三医院40名麻醉医师分为试验组(CBL+PBL)和对照组基于授课的教学法(lecture-based learning,LBL)组,每组20名,试验组采取PBL结合CBL教学法,LBL组采取传统的讲授式给学员培训食道超声心动图技术。对比2组基础理论知识、操作技能、图像解读能力以及临床应用能力4个方面进行考核,培训完毕后并调查2组对教学方法的满意度。结果 试验组基础理论知识[(83.20±2.56)分]、技能操作能力[(81.90±2.20)分]、图像解读能力[(83.15±2.78)分]以及临床应用能力[(86.20±3.89)分]分数高于对照组基础理论知识[(72.45±2.32)分]、技能操作能力[(74.20±2.54)分]、图像解读能力[(73.20±2.09)分]以及临床应用能力[(73.29±1.40)分],差异有统计学意义(P <0.001)。相比对照组自我能力[(7.45±0.27)分]、教学形式[(7.39±0.23)分]、教学效果[(7.42±0.22)分],试验组自我能力[(8.50±0.28)分]、教学形式[(8.49±0.25)分]、教学效果[(8.55±0.26)分]对教学方法的总体满意度评分明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001)。结论 与LBL教学法相比,PBL结合CBL教学法可以更有效地帮助麻醉医师掌握食道超声心动图技术,提高麻醉医生对TEE的操作技能以及掌握TEE在围手术期的临床应用能力,且学员对PBL结合CBL教学法的满意度更高。

多模态超声心动图技术综合评估2型糖尿病患者左心房结构及功能

目的基于心肌斑点追踪技术及实时三维超声技术探讨2型糖尿病患者左心房容积、功能及心肌应变及其与血清炎性指标的相关性研究。方法收集2018年9月至2021年12月于我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者328例,其中单纯2型糖尿病患者220例,早期糖尿病肾病患者108例,选取同期于我院就诊134例健康体检者为对照组。应用二维心肌斑点追踪技术评估患者左心房应变,分别得到三腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-LAX)、四腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-A4C)、两腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-A2C)、左房平均峰值纵向应变(LA-PALS)。应用三维超声评估左心房容积及收缩功能,得到左房最大容积指数(LAVImax)、左房收缩前容积指数(LAVIp)、左房最小容积指数(LAVImin)及左房总排空分数(LATEF);同时记录受试者炎性相关血清学指标。结果3组LAVImin及左心房应变指标:PALS-LAX、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,单纯糖尿病组患者LAVImin增大,PALS-LAX、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS减小(P<0.05);与单纯糖尿病组比较,早期糖尿病肾病组患者LAD、EDT、E/e′、LAVImax、LAVImin增大,E/A和LATEF降低,左心房应变指标:PALS-LAX、PALS-A4C、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS进一步减小(P均<0.05)。相关性研究发现,餐后2 h血糖与LAVImin、LA-PALS、E/e′呈负相关(r=-0.583、-0.788,-0.414,P<0.05);糖化血红蛋白与LAVImin、E/e’呈负相关(r=-0.439、-0.551,P<0.05);IL-6及IL-8与LA-PALS呈负相关(r=-0.541、-0.429,P<0.05);IL-6及IL-8与LAVImin呈负相关(r=-0.572、-0.517,P<0.05);血清β2微球蛋白与LAVImin、LA-PALS呈负相关(r=-0.614、-0.568,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者随病程进展逐渐出现左心房心肌应变减低、左心房增大及排空功能减低;LA-PALS及LAVImin与患者餐后2 h血糖水平、血清β2微球蛋白IL-6、IL-8水平呈负相关。

超声心动图在评估完全型肺静脉异位引流合并限制型与非限制型房间隔交通中的应用价值分析

目的 总结超声心动图在评估完全型肺静脉异位引流(TAPVC)合并限制型与非限制型房间隔交通中的应用价值。方法 对2020年1月至2022年6月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院经外科手术确诊的49例TAPVC患者的超声心动图及临床资料进行回顾性分析。设定超声心动图测量房间隔交通≤5 mm为限制型房间隔交通,将患者分为限制组(23例)和非限制组(26例)。分别于术前及术后1、3个月行超声心动图检查,测量左心室内径(LVD)、右心室内径(RVD)、三尖瓣反流峰值压差(PTR)。分析并比较2组患者术前、术后心室内径和PTR的变化。结果 49例患者术前超声心动图诊断均与手术诊断一致,符合率100%。术前,限制组LVD、LVD/RVD比值明显低于非限制组,而PTR、RVD则明显高于非限制组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。术后1、3个月2组PTR、RVD和LVD/RVD比值比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),限制组LVD小于非限制组[(19.3±4.2)mm比(22.3±4.6)mm、(22.6±3.8)mm比(25.9±3.7)mm],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 超声心动图是诊断TAPVC的首选及准确的检查方法,早期诊断有利于尽早手术治疗,并能有效评价心脏容量改变及肺动脉高压下降情况,具有较高的临床应用价值。

经食管超声心动图、右心声学造影对卵圆孔未闭患者封堵术后左心房功能的评估

目的:分析经食管超声心动图(TEE)、右心声学造影(ASCE)对卵圆孔未闭(PFO)患者封堵术后左心房功能的评估价值。方法:选取本院68例行PFO介入封堵术治疗的患者,均于手术前后接受TEE与ASCE检查,评估右向左分流(RLS)情况,按术后3个月有无RLS分为术后RLS组与术后无RLS组,记录TEE相关参数[左房整体纵向应变、左心耳最小容积(LAA-Vmin)与最大容积(LAA-Vmax)、左心耳射血分数(LAA-EF)、左心耳血流最大排空流速(LAA-PEV)]。结果:ASCE与TEE检查显示,术后3个月RLS检出率明显低于术前(P<0.05);术后3 d,左房储器期、管道期以及泵期整体纵向应变较术前明显降低(P<0.05),但上述指标在术后3个月与术前比较无显著差异(P>0.05);术后3个月,LAA-Vmin、LAA-Vmax、LAA-PEV、LAA-EF与术前比较无显著差异(P>0.05);术后RLS组与无RLS组间LAA-EF、LAA-Vmin、LAA-Vmax、LAA-PEV、左房整体纵向应变比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:ASCE可准确评估PFO患者封堵术后RLS情况,结合TEE,可发现封堵术不会对患者左心房功能造成较大影响。