Fingerprint Study of Polygonati Rhizoma with Steaming and Exposing to the Sun Alternatively for Different Times

[Objectives]To explore the influence of different times of steaming and exposing to the sun on the fingerprint of Polygonati Rhizoma by studying the HPLC fingerprint of Polygonati Rhizoma processed products with different times of steaming and exposing to the sun,and to provide a basis for the determination of the best processing technology of Polygonati Rhizoma.[Methods]SETSAIL II AQ-C 18(5μm×250 mm×4.6 mm)was used as the column,the column temperature was 30℃,pure water(A)and acetonitrile(B)were eluted gradually,0-10 min,B(5%-10%),10-30 min,B(10%-35%),30-40 min,B(35%-60%),40-45 min,B(60%-100%),flow rate 1 mL/min,absorption wavelength 200 nm.[Results]The relative retained peak area RSDs of the common peaks in the precision,reproducibility and stability tests were all less than 5%.There were 17 common peaks in the fingerprint of nine batches of samples,and the retention time of Peak 2 was basically the same as that of the reference peak of 5-HMF.Peak 4 mainly existed in the chromatogram of Sample 3 to Sample 5,peaks 5 and 11 mainly existed after Sample 3,peaks 9,14 and 16 mainly existed after Sample 6,and peaks 12 and 17 mainly existed after Sample 4.[Conclusions]A total of 17 common peaks were obtained,and the Peak 2 was the designated peak,and the chemical components of each processed product were different.

The impact of^(60)Co-γirradiation on the chemical constituents of Chuanxiong Rhizoma

Background:In order to clarify the inmpat ofγirradiation on the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine,this paper carefully choosed Chuanxiong Rhizoma to carry on a demonstration study.Methods:Through a meticulous assessment,a comprehensive comparison was made between the irradiated and unirradiated Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples.The property characteristics were investigated by colorimeter and electronic nose.The changes in chemical structures and contents was analyzed by fourier infrared spectroscopy,high performance liquid chromatography and fingerprinting.In a quest to uncover the presence of any new radiolysis products,cutting-edge techniques like ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed.Moreover,the difference of antioxidant activity were investigated.Results:The irradiation doses within 12 kGy had no significant effects on the content of the main chemical components,characteristics and in vitro antioxidant activity of Chuanxiong Rhizoma,while changes in some functional groups and degradation of some volatile oil components containing olefins need further study.Conclusion:This study indicates that^(60)Co-γirradiation is a stable method for sterilization of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.It’s also provide a reference for the establishment of irradiation standards for Chuanxiong Rhizoma and other aromatic medicinal plants.

Exploring the mechanism of active ingredients of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma in treating migraine headache through network pharmacology and animal experiments

Background:To explore the potential mechanism of action of the active ingredients of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma(SGR)in the treatment of migraine using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.Methods:Through the search of Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,Genecards,Drugbank and other databases,we obtained active ingredients,targets of SGR and related disease targets of migraine,and took the intersection for protein-protein interactions analysis.After constructing the network diagram,network topology analysis was performed to derive the core targets and key active ingredients,and Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed.Finally,molecular docking was performed and validated by in vivo experiments.In vivo experiments,18 male BALB/c mice were selected,and the SGR group was fed with SGR drinking tablet concentrate,and nitroglycerin injection was used to construct a mouse model of migraine.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was used to detect the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and AKT1 in plasma.Results:The results showed that the core targets of SGR for the treatment of migraine were TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and AKT1.These core targets and key active ingredients had better binding ability.Compared with the blank group,the number of head scratching in the model group increased.Compared with the model group,there was a significant reduction of the number of head scratching in the SGR group.In comparison with the blank group,the protein level in the plasma in the model group was markedly higher.Compared with the model group,the protein level in the SGR group was significantly lower.Conclusion:SGR has the characteristics of improving migraine based on multi-targets,multi-components and multi-pathways,and the mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory factors,neuron protection,and interference with apoptosis and other processes.

Research progress on synergetic effects of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)and Tubeimu(Rhizoma Bolbostemmatis)/Gualou(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim)

The compatibility of Chinese herbs is the focus and the difficulty in traditional Chinese medicine research,and it has an important guiding role for clinical medicine.Some scholars believe that the Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,FZ)compatibility with Tubeimu(Rhizoma Bolbostemmatis,TBM)/Gualou(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,GL)does not meet the Chinese medicine theory of“eighteen incompatibilities”.However,this combination has been used many times in many clinical medications.This study reviewed the research progress of pharmacological effects of FZ,and FZ compatibility with TBM/GL,in order to correctly understand and apply the“eighteen incompatibilities”drugs,and provide a reference for further exploration of the combined application in clinical treatment.

Experimental Study of Emilia Sonchifolia Combined with Coptidis Rhizoma for the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Ulcer

Objective: This paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of Emilia Sonchifolia and Coptidis Rhizoma on oral ulcer rats. Methods: 36 SD rats of half male and half female were kept for 7 days, and 6 rats among them were selected as normal group by random sampling method, and the rest rats were randomly divided into model group, positive control group, Emilia Sonchifolia group, Coptidis Rhizoma group and combined group after the establishment of oral ulcer model. The normal group and model group were given blank film, the positive control group was given Guilin Watermelon Frost, and the Emilia Sonchifolia group, Coptidis Rhizoma group and combined group were given the corresponding oral film, which was administered to the ulcer for 7 days continuously, 2 times per day. The healing of oral ulcer was assessed at the end of the last day of administration, and the ulcer area was calculated on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days after successful modeling, and the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in rats were detected by Emilia Sonchifolia. Results: The grading of ulcer healing in the positive control group and the combined group was better than the other groups, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with the model group (p Coptidis Rhizoma group, Emilia Sonchifolia group, combined group and positive control group was smaller than that in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant (p Emilia Sonchifolia group, Coptidis Rhizoma group and combined group were all effective in reducing the area of oral ulcer, among which the combined group was more effective. The level of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α was reduced and the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-2 was increased in the Emilia Sonchifolia group, Coptidis Rhizoma group and combined group, and the difference was statistically significant (p Conclusion: The combination of Coptidis Rhizoma and Emilia Sonchifolia is effective in the treatment of oral ulcer in rats, and the effect of the combination is better than that of the drug alone.

Rhizoma paridis saponins protected against liver injury in diethylnitrosamine-induced mice

Background:Diethylnitrosamine,one of food additives,possessed a strong carcinogenic effect in human.Rhizoma paridis saponins,as the main active components of Paris polyphylla,have a good anti-cancer effect in our previous research.To verify their inhibitory effect on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer,we carried out this study.Methods:We established diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse hepatocarcinoma models to evaluate antitumor of Rhizoma paridis saponins.Subsequently,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the metabolites in the urine and serum samples.Results:Rhizoma paridis saponins alleviated diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.On the one hand,Rhizoma paridis saponins down-regulated the levels of liver function markers,such as alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase and alpha fetoprotein.On the other hand,Rhizoma paridis saponins reduced metabolic disorders by increasing fructose and mannose metabolism,and decreasing pentose and glucuronate interconversion,inositol phosphate metabolism,and the process of saturated fatty acids transforming to unsaturated fatty acids,which based on the regulating mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4,lactate dehydrogenase A,fatty acid synthetas,acetyl-CoA carboxylase and apolipoprotein A-I.Conclusion:Rhizoma paridis saponins has the potential application to inhibit chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the future.

Advances in Application of Bistortae Rhizoma in Mongolian Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine

Mongolian medicine and traditional Chinese medicine have different interpretations of Bistortae Rhizoma,including its name,nature and taste,function and efficacy.This paper sorted out the related application of Chinese and Mongolian medicine from the records of Materia Medica.The chemical components and pharmacological effects of Bistortae Rhizoma were summarized to provide a reference for the clinical application of Bistortae Rhizoma in traditional Chinese medicine and Mongolian medicine,and for the better development and utilization of national medicines.

Chemical composition and biological activities of volatile oil isolated from Curcumae rhizoma

Curcumae rhizoma(C.rhizoma),the rhizome of Curcuma Longa L.,Curcuma kwangsiensis L.and Curcuma wenyujin L.in the ginger family,is a treasure in traditional Chinese medicine.It has the effect of promoting qi and breaking blood,eliminating accumulation and relieving pain.With the development of modern medicine,the active ingredients and therapeutic mechanism of C.rhizoma have been gradually revealed.In this paper,the chemical composition and biological activities of volatile oil isolated from C.rhizoma are reviewed in detail,aiming to provide reference for further utilization of C.rhizoma volatile oil and provide more effective drug options for clinical treatment.

Exploring the mechanism of Saposhnikoviae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma treating Parkinson's disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Backgroud:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing global prevalence.However,the development of drugs for PD treatment has not kept pace with the continuously growing number of patients.Currently,the search for new effective substances from natural drugs is a major research direction.Two Chinese medicinal materials,Saposhnikoviae Radix(Fangfeng)and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuanxiong),are commonly used in the treatment of PD in China.However,the mechanism of their combination is not clear,and further research is needed.Methods:Data were collected from publicly available databases:TCMSP,UnitProt,GeneCards OMIM,PharmGKB,Therapeutic Target Database and DrugBank.Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods was used to analyze the data to discover the possible pharmacological effects of the two drugs in the treatment of PD.Results:Beta-sitosterol,Mandenol and Wallichilide were the active components of Saposhnikoviae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(FC),and they stably bonded with PD targets,including PTGS2,CASP3,AKT1 and JUN.The target genes of FC were significantly enriched in PD-associated pathways,including calcium signaling and apoptosis pathways.Moreover,the study revealed that the active components of FC may affect cellular structures,such as membrane rafts,membrane microdomains,membrane regions,and postsynaptic membranes,which,in turn,affect a variety of molecular functions and biological processes.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate the direction for clarifying the pharmacodynamic substances of FC,the extraction method of pharmacodynamic substances,as well as the mechanism and efficacy of pharmacodynamic substances.Importantly,this study provides a strategy for developing new therapeutic drugs for PD.

The mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on glaucomatous optic nerve injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Based on network pharmacology,this study predicted the potential molecular mechanism and related pathways of the protective effect of traditional Chuanxiong Rhizoma,a traditional Chinese herb,on glaucomatous optic nerve injury,and conducted in vitro experimental verification of the predicted results of network analysis.We analyzed the molecular mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the potential treatment of glaucoma by revealing its main active ingredients and predicting its targets,so as to provide reference for subsequent basic research.Network pharmacological research results showed that the potential hub targets and key signaling pathways of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the treatment of glaucoma were closely related to biological processes such as apoptosis,autophagy,inflammation,oxidative stress and angiogenesis.Molecular docking showed that many active ingredients,such as chrysophanol(CHR),myricanone and retinol,could combine well with their target proteins by intermolecular forces,especially CHR had strong binding ability with each target.We speculated that the main active component of Chuanxiong Rhizoma might be involved in the regulation of PI3K-Akt,Nod-like receptor,IL-4 and IL-13,MAPK,AGE-RAGE and neurotrophin signaling pathway by regulating of PI3K,Akt,TLR4,RAGE,NTRK2 and other key targets.Furthermore,it may achieve multi-directional intervention on apoptosis/autophagy,inflammation/immunity,oxidative stress and nutrient metabolism of axoplasma flow,and then delay the degeneration of optic nerve injury.In vitro experiments showed that the active component CHR of Chuanxiong Rhizoma could reverse the M1-type polarization and autophagy/apoptosis of mouse microglia(BV2)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)at the transcriptional level.Meanwhile,the expression of inflammatory mediators IL-1βand TNF-αwas inhibited,and the mRNA level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly increased.In addition,CHR down-regulates activation of the RAGE-NOX4 pathway mediated by LPS in reducing oxidative stress.In this study,network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were integrated for the first time to explore the potential molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese herb“Chuanxiong Rhizoma”in the treatment on glaucoma,and CHR was innovatively proposed as an important ingredient in Chuanxiong Rhizoma that plays a protective role in the damage of optic nerve.Preliminary verification was conducted through in vitro experiments.The results suggest that Chuanxiong Rhizoma may interfere with autophagy and apoptosis,inhibit immune inflammation,as well as reduce oxidative stress in the treatment of glaucoma through the active components represented by CHR,so as to resist progressive optic nerve injury.Our study provides theoretical basis for the clinical use of Chinese herbal medicine or its extract in glaucoma,and also lays a solid foundation for the research of Chinese medicine in the field of optic nerve protection.

姜制半夏传统制作工艺考证

姜半夏传统制作工艺:完整半夏姜制法多在前期生半夏汤洗的基础上进行,亦有直接用姜汤洗的记载。半夏片为汤洗后切片,再用姜汁浸、炒、煮、蒸等,以炒法为优。半夏粉为半夏汤洗切片研细粉,再用姜汤浸澄,多用于制作糊丸或包衣。半夏饼为汤洗后半夏研粉与生姜汁或去皮生姜混合制成的饼状物,再经炙、煨、炒等法而成。半夏曲始于宋代,当时半夏曲有制饼与发酵两种,均以生姜为辅料。制饼者并没有发酵的过程,实为半夏饼。半夏曲的配方众多,生姜必不可少。地方炮制经验中将生半夏水浸泡,生姜煮取汁,再共同煮制为主流。地方炮制规范中多为生半夏水浸透,姜汤矾水共煮。现代学者的研究方向主要集中在炮制工艺优选与炮制原理两方面。建议恢复姜半夏的传统汤洗姜制工艺。

HPLC指纹图谱结合多成分含量测定评价香附质量

目的建立香附药材的高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)指纹图谱,结合4种化学成分含量对不同产地及用药规格香附的质量进行综合评价。方法采集HPLC指纹图谱,并结合聚类分析(Cluster analysis,CA)和主成分分析(Principal component analysis,CA)等多种化学计量学方法对不同产地及用药规格的香附药材进行区分比较。利用HPLC法测定香附药材中香附烯酮、α-香附酮、木犀草素和阿魏酸的含量。结果CA和PCA分析结果显示,不同产地香附均可单独聚为一类,而浙江金华与其他产地香附差异最大,河南尉氏香附综合得分最高,质量较优;正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant,OPLS-DA)结果显示,指纹图谱中13号峰(α-香附酮)、10号峰(香附烯酮)和14号峰是不同产地间香附质量产生差异的主要成分。广东湛江和浙江金华香附中香附烯酮与α-香附酮含量较为接近,香附烯酮含量远大于河南香附,α-香附酮含量远小于河南香附;不同产地香附中阿魏酸和木犀草素含量差异不大。去皮后香附中香附烯酮、α-香附酮和木犀草素含量降低,阿魏酸含量增加。结论不同产地间香附质量存在差异,以河南香附质量最佳。去皮前后香附化学成分相似,无明显种类差异。

黄芪莪术不同比例配伍后莪术4种挥发性成分的含量变化研究

目的:探究黄芪莪术不同配伍比例中,莪术挥发油中抗肿瘤活性成分含量的变化。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法对挥发油进行提取,运用气相色谱法,测定单味莪术及黄芪莪术配伍比例为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、5∶1、1∶2中β-榄香烯、莪术醇、吉马酮、新莪术二酮的含量。采用HP-5气相色谱柱,程序升温法,进样口温度为250℃,FID检测器温度为280℃;内标物质是水杨酸甲酯。结果:β-榄香烯、莪术醇、吉马酮、新莪术二酮4种挥发油分别在0.0030~0.1920 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9969)、0.0233~2.9790 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9993)、0.0059~0.3760 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9994)、0.0175~1.1180 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9943)范围呈良好的线性关系,黄芪、莪术以2∶1的比例配伍时,各成分溶出量最高。结论:随着黄芪莪术配伍比例的不同,挥发油中抗肿瘤成分含量有所变化,以2∶1、3∶1的配伍比例为佳,为临床应用和药效学研究提供依据。

基于靶向代谢组学研究苍术麸炒前后干预脾虚大鼠氨基酸水平变化的影响

目的研究采用靶向代谢组学方法,观察苍术麸炒前后对脾虚大鼠血清氨基酸水平的变化,探讨苍术炮制机制。方法72只大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、低剂量生苍术组(生低组)、中剂量生苍术组(生中组)、高剂量生苍术组(生高组)、低剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒低组)、中剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒中组)和高剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒高组),共8组,每组9只。除正常组外,模型组通过过度疲劳、苦寒泻下和饮食不节法造模。对各组大鼠采用酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)方法测定颌下腺中水通道蛋白3(Aquaporin-3,AQP-3)、水通道蛋白4(AQP-4)、水通道蛋白5(AQP-5)、水通道蛋白8(AQP-8)的含量,结肠中水通道蛋白1(AQP-1)、水通道蛋白2(AQP-2)、水通道蛋白9(AQP-9)、紧密连接蛋白1(zonula occludes protein-1,ZO-1)的含量。对生中组和麸炒中组采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry,UH-PLC-MS/MS)检测血清中24种氨基酸水平的变化。结果与正常组比较,模型组中颌下腺AQP-3、AQP-4、AQP-5、AQP-8的含量显著降低(P<0.05);模型组中结肠AQP-1和AQP-2的含量显著升高(P<0.05),AQP-9和ZO-1的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。生苍术和麸炒苍术对上述指标均有调节作用。经进一步同等剂量的生苍术和麸炒苍术相比,麸炒中组使上述指标含量升高更明显。与正常组比较,模型组血清中L-缬氨酸等4种物质的水平显著升高(P<0.05),L-酪氨酸等11种物质的水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。经进一步比较,麸炒苍术对上述指标调节效果优于生苍术。靶向代谢通路分析表明,这些差异代谢物主要与精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、氨酰tRNA生物合成、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢通路有关。结论苍术炮制后的增效机制可能与对脾虚大鼠血清中氨基酸调节有关。

黄精多糖提取工艺优化及其吸湿、保湿性能研究

目的:优化黄精多糖提取工艺,并研究其吸湿保湿性能、探索其护肤功能。方法:采用热回流法结合正交进行黄精多糖提取工艺优化;以黄精多糖为实验对象,采用重量法进行吸湿性(相对湿度分别为43%和81%)、保湿性试验,并对吸湿曲线进行模型拟合;将黄精多糖添加到市售面霜中进行皮肤水分测试。结果:实验表明黄精多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶25(g/mL),提取时间是150 min,提取次数为1次;黄精多糖在不同相对湿度下的吸湿均符合双指数模型;置于干硅胶环境下48 h,黄精多糖保湿率为14.00%。结论:黄精多糖具有良好的保湿性,在护肤品开发中具有一定的应用价值。

玉竹的化学成分、药理作用及其食品开发研究进展

玉竹不仅富含糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和矿物质等营养成分,还含较高的多糖、甾体皂苷、黄酮等生物活性成分,具有抗氧化、调节糖脂代谢、增强免疫、抗肿瘤、抗微生物、抗疲劳、抗衰老、护肝、调节胃肠道菌群、减肥等药理作用,已广泛用于普通食品和健康食品的开发利用。本文对其营养功能成分、生物活性及其在食品加工领域中的应用进展进行系统总结,以为其深入开发提供参考和支持。

基于网络药理学探讨芦根治疗高血压的作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学筛选芦根治疗高血压的有效成分并挖掘其潜在作用靶点及机制。方法:通过中药网络药理学库(TCMSP)获取芦根活性成分,芦根活性成分的潜在靶点从PubChem和Swiss Target Prediction数据库中获得,从OMIM、DisGeNET和GeneCards数据库中获取疾病靶点,Venny交叉共同靶点,STRING构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用PPI网络。运行DAVID进行GO和KEGG分析,在微生信平台上进行数据映射分析,探究芦根治疗高血压的潜在作用机制。结果:芦根共26个化学成分,432个作用靶点,高血压靶点共1522个,两者共同取交靶点165个。抗高血压主要活性成分包含芳樟醇、丁香酚等6种,关键靶点有AKT1、SRC、STAT3、EGFR、TNF、PTGS2、ESR1等19个。GO和KEGG获得与芦根治疗高血压有关的HIF-1信号通路和AGE-RAGE信号通路,主要影响炎症和细胞增殖等生理活动的调控。结论:芦根主要通过多靶点、多通路降血压。

三黄膏质量标准提升研究

目的:提升三黄膏的质量标准。方法:制备三黄膏,进行性状观察和粒度检查,采用薄层色谱法对该制剂中的黄连药材进行定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定该制剂中的小檗碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀含量并规定其总含量限度。结果:本研究所制得的三黄膏为黄色至棕黄色的软膏;粒度检查符合相关规定;建立的薄层色谱法专属性强,可准确鉴别黄连药材;小檗碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀的平均总含量为4.01 mg/g,其含量限度不得少于3.21 mg/g。结论:本研究建立的三黄膏质量标准稳定、可行,可有效控制该制剂的质量。

三七药对的研究进展

三七作为临床常用中药,在临床应用中有多种药对形式。围绕近年来基于网络药理学的三七药对、传统三七药对及三七药对配伍前后化学成分变化的实验研究进行归纳和总结,系统阐释三七药对在临床应用的作用机制和科学内涵,为进一步研究三七药对使用规律、配伍理论、临床应用等方面提供新的思路。

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