Performance of Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test and Serological Methods with Culturing of Nasal Swab in Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cross Breed Cattle Baghdad Iraq: A Comparative Evaluation

This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of Rapid Antigen bovine TB antibody test kit (RAT) and any association with cervical comparative tuberculin test (CCTT), (iELISA) and nasal swabs culturing, among based detection of M. bovis infection. A herd of 21 animals aged 1 - 8 years cross bread cattle of college of veterinary medicine. 19 (90.47%) animals had good body condition scores, two bulls included, and 2 (9.52%) cows were fair. Serum samples were collected, analyzed for anti-bovine TB antibody using RAT and iELISA. Also the herd was screened by CCTT. The tests were carried out twice, more than ten month interval, and twelve nasal swabs were taken within second survey. The first survey results revealed prevalence rate: 4 (19.04%) animals considered positive results (one positive and 3 suspected results) for CCTT, while the prevalence rate according to RAT was 10 (47.61%). The difference between the two prevalence rate was significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 4.50, p-value = 0.03) Kappa = 0.215 95% confidence interval: from -0.128 to 0.558;the strength of agreement is considered to be “fair”. The study interprets: sensitivity 30%;specificity 99%. The second survey results revealed prevalence rate according to CCTT was 4 (36.36%), while prevalence rate according to RAT was 5 (45.45%). The difference between the two prevalence was not significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 0.33, p-value = 0.56). Kappa = 0.441 95% confidence interval: from -0.087 to 0.968;the strength of agreement is considered to be “moderate”;sensitivity: 60%;specificity: 83%. All serum samples and nasal swabs gave negative results for iELISA and culturing respectively. The study concluded that RAT was highly specific, easy, labor and time saving, suggesting its use as screening test in bovine tuberculosis, and CCTT could be used to confirm positive animals screened by RAT, while there was no association between RAT, CCTT with body condition scores, iELISA and nasal swabs culture results.

Evaluation of Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Testing and Tuberculin Skin Test for Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), a sensitive microbiological diagnostic method, in children and adolescents with suspected tuberculosis in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. Method: This study included 581 children and adolescents aged 4 - 19 years who were suspected of having tuberculosis, were latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and had received at least one dose of BCG vaccine between April 17, 2019, and February 24, 2021. The study evaluated the TST results of 106 patients who had a positive Quantiferon test and were suspected of having tuberculosis. Results: The study included 581 patients aged between 4 and 19 years. Of these, 106 patients tested positive for the Quantiferon test, while 19 were indeterminate and 456 were negative. The Quantiferon test positivity rate was 18.24%. Among the 106 QFT-Plus-positive cases, 23 patients also tested positive for TST. The difference in distribution was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The QFT-Plus test is considered an alternative to TST and other microbiological diagnostic methods for early tuberculosis diagnosis, particularly in children and adolescents.

Investigation of the cell composition and gene expression in the delayed-type hypersensitivity tuberculin skin test

Dear Editor,The tuberculin skin test(TST)reagents have continuously improved,with the ESAT6-CFP10(EC)test having recently been introduced,but are seldom based on the direction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)mechanism.Previous studies only partially showed the infiltration and activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines of the skin induration[1,2],and lack the detailed measurements of cell proportions and gene expression in the DTH response.Therefore,in this study,we revealed the comprehensive characteristics of DTH by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in the guinea pig tuberculosis(TB)model[Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute(2021-064)].

Performance and correlation of QuantiFERON-TB Gold, T-SPOT.TB and tuberculin skin test in young children with or exposed to tuberculosis

Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated young children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy children younger than 5 years who were recently diagnosed with tuberculosis or had recent exposure to active tuberculosis.QuantiFERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:Of the 60 children,median age 3.3 years,17 had tuberculosis and 43 had recent tuberculosis exposure.Overall,15(25.0%)children had tuberculin skin test reaction≥10 mm;8(13.3%)were positive by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test,and 12(20.0%)by T-SPOT.TB.Nineteen(31.7%)children had at least one positive test.There was a moderate agreement between interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:The positive rates of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test were low in young children who were infected with tuberculosis,supporting the management strategy of not testing children younger than 5 years.

Performance and correlation of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected children and adolescents with immune reconstitution

Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected children and adolescents with immune reconstitution.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-infected patients aged 5-18 years receiving antiretroviral treatment with CD4 T-lymphocytes>25%or>500 cells/mm3 for at least 6 months.QuantiF ERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB,and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:A total of 50 patients were enrolled with median age of 13.7 years,CD4 counts of 753(IQR:587-989)cells/mm3.Among 27 patients with tuberculosis(16)or tuberculosis exposure(11),8(29.6%)were positive to at least one test,2(7.4%)were positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold,3(11.1%)positive T-SPOT.TB,and 7(25.9%)had tuberculin skin test≥5 mm.Among 23 patients without history of tuberculosis or exposure,all had negative interferon gamma release assays,while 2(8.7%)had positive tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:All tests had low sensitivity despite immune reconstitution.

Comparison between Quanti-FERON-TB Gold In-Tube test and tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in children: A cross-section study

Objective: To compare Quanti-FERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test and tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 64 participants who were between 3 months and 14 years old and had close contact with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Both QFT-GIT test and TST were done and the results were analyzed by SPSS software and Kappa test. Results: The distribution of gender and age according to QFT-GIT and TST results were matched (P>0.05). Overall agreement between QFT-GIT and TST for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children was 75%. In addition, the contingency coefficient was 0.257, and the Kappa measure of agreement was 0.246 (P=0.034). Conclusions: Compared to TST, QFT-GIT shows no apparent advantage for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children.

Indications, Interpretation and Clinical Consequences of Tuberculin Skin Tests in Resource Limited Settings

Objective: to evaluate the policy of TST testing in Suriname. As there is no gold standard to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to diagnose LTBI. However, internationally, the cut-off values of the TST are not uniform and depend on local tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology and guidelines for test initiation. In Suriname, where currently several indications exist for TSTs, cut-off values are set at 5 mm or 10 mm, depending on the age and/or medical history of the patient. LTBI classification is performed by pulmonologists primarily based on the American Thoracic Society targeted TB testing guidelines. Method: retrospective analysis of outpatient TST data between 2011 and 2019 from Suriname’s sole pulmonary medicine clinic. Result: 1373 patients were evaluated. 590 patients were from the screening group of whom 253 had a positive TST result, 46 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the contact tracing group of 649 patients, 616 had a positive TST, 352 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the medical condition group of 134 patients, 96 had a positive TST, 38 of whom were classified as LTBI. Eventually, positive TST results were found for 965 tested patients: 436 patients were classified as LTBI and 529 non-LTBI patients were not prescribed chemoprophylaxis. None of the non-LTBI TST-positive patients were diagnosed with active TB, including 174 patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater and in need of IPT, but not prescribed by judgement of the pulmonologist or because of loss to follow-up. Conclusion: the overrepresentation of positive TST results in Suriname is attributable to stringent cut-off values, especially among patients who do not disclose TB risk factors. In our opinion the TST cut-off value for such patients in Suriname and other similar settings could be set at 15 mm. We also promote that for all patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater, offering IPT should be considered (after excluding active TB).

原发性颈淋巴结结核诊治分析

目的探讨原发性颈淋巴结结核的临床特征、确诊方式及诊疗方案。方法回顾性分析宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院确诊的39例原发性颈淋巴结结核患者临床资料,总结其临床特点、治疗方法及随访情况。结果所有患者均以颈部无痛性质韧肿块为首发症状,肿块多位于颈部Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ区,部分位于Ⅰ、Ⅱ区,均完善CT、MRI或B超等检查。根据影像学检查和临床经验,21例患者行结核菌素试验(PPD)或结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT),其中2例PPD阳性,13例T-SPOT阳性,15例均经穿刺病理结果确诊,6例经手术病理确诊;1例经细针穿刺细菌培养发现结核杆菌确诊;17例影像学考虑肿瘤性病变,经颈淋巴结清扫或肿块部分切除术后病理确诊结核。39例患者均予标准抗结核治疗半年,随访1年未见复发。结论原发性颈淋巴结结核缺乏特异性症状,初步诊断可借助T-SPOT检查,确诊仍需结核杆菌培养阳性、穿刺细胞学或组织病理结果,治疗应采用世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的6个月治疗方案,当伴有脓肿、窦道或溃疡型结核时,应结合手术治疗,可有效缩短术后抗结核治疗时间、减少药物用量及不良反应。

监狱羁押人群中两种结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染检测结果不一致原因及预防性治疗效果分析

目的:分析羁押人群中γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRA)和结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)结果差异的相关因素,以及预防性治疗对肺结核发病的效果。方法:采用社区随机对照试验,选取某市5所监狱,每所监狱以监区为单位分为对照组和干预组。结核分枝杆菌检测于2016年7—8月进行,对照组981例,采用常规结核病防治措施;干预组981例,在常规措施基础上采用IGRA和TST检测结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染,并对IGRA阳性者实施自愿的预防性治疗。收集所有研究对象的流行病学资料,每年定期开展X线胸片检查。分析IGRA和TST结果的一致性及相关因素;对比干预组和对照组3年内肺结核发病情况。结果:IGRA和TST两种方法判读结果一致率为77.93%(745/956)。BCG卡痕(OR=1.477,95%CI:1.068~2.043)是两种检测方法结果差异的相关因素。共计157例IGRA阳性者接受并均完成了预防性治疗,随访3年中发病率为0.00%(0/157),其他未预防性服药者发病率为2.05%(7/342),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.259,P=0.071);IGRA阴性者中,发病率为0.00%(0/460),低于IGRA阳性未服药者的发病率[2.05%(7/342)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.498,P=0.002);最终干预组肺结核发病率为0.71%(7/981),对照组发病率为1.22%(12/981),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.329,P=0.249)。结论:在羁押人群中,BCG接种史是IGRA和TST差异的主要影响因素;应用IGRA进行结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染检测并对阳性者开展预防性治疗可有效减少狱内肺结核的发病。

基于改进YOLOv5的人体结核菌素试验后皮下硬块检测算法研究

针对传统皮下硬块检测方法精度低、计算速度慢等问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5的皮下硬块目标检测算法。首先,将YOLOv5模型的主干网络CSPDarknet53进行改进,引入Faster模块来替换其中的C3模块。其次,利用模型剪枝在保证整个模型性能的同时减轻其计算复杂度。最后,引入Wise-IoU来进一步提升网络的回归性能。实验结果表明,基于改进YOLOv5的皮下硬块目标检测算法相比于原始的YOLOv5,准确率提升了1.2%,参数量减少了77.7%,整个算法更加轻量化,有效提高了算法对于皮下硬块的检测精度,减少了计算参数量,提升了算法的运行速度。

肺结核患者家庭内学生密切接触者结核分枝杆菌感染状况调查

目的:分析肺结核患者家庭内学生密切接触者结核分枝杆菌感染状况及其影响因素。方法:以2021年1月1日至12月31日在江苏省宝应县和张家港市、湖北省宜都市、重庆市彭水苗族土家族自治县和云南省昭通市昭阳区5个县(区)登记的活动性肺结核患者家庭内学生密切接触者为研究对象,开展结核菌素皮肤试验(tuberculin skin test,TST),调查人口学特征,并通过全民健康保障信息化工程疾病预防控制信息系统收集其指示病例的基本信息和诊断信息,分析结核分枝杆菌感染的相关因素。结果:477例指示病例共有686名家庭内学生密切接触者,TST检测总体接受率为92.27%(633/686),各县(区)之间的接受率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=57.781,P<0.001),以宝应县为最高(100.00%,35/35)。家庭内学生密切接触者总体感染率为14.85%(94/633,95%CI:11.85%~17.85%),强阳性率为5.06%(32/633),各县(区)之间的差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=35.800,P<0.001;Fisher确切概率法,P=0.029)。单因素分析结果显示,≥15岁年龄组[23.47%(23/98);95%CI:13.88%~33.06%]、就读于高中及以上学校[26.09%(18/69);95%CI:14.04%~38.14%]、住在宜都市[33.33%(28/84);95%CI:20.99%~45.68%]、指示病例诊断延迟[18.37%(52/283);95%CI:13.38%~23.37%]的家庭内学生密切接触者感染率更高;多因素logistic回归分析显示,在调整混杂因素后,指示病例诊断延迟的家庭内学生密切接触者的感染风险是指示病例无诊断延迟者的1.586倍(95%CI:1.016~2.476)。结论:活动性肺结核患者家庭内学生密切接触者的结核分枝杆菌感染率较高,尤其是指示病例诊断延迟的家庭内学生密切接触者,应及时开展筛查并采取后续干预措施。

2022年贵州省新生入学肺结核筛查情况分析

目的对入学新生进行肺结核筛查结果进行分析,为贵州省学校结核病防控工作提供一定的基础数据和参考依据。方法对2022年贵州省入学新生开展肺结核筛查。筛查内容有症状筛查(肺结核密切接触史、肺结核可疑症状)、结核菌素皮肤试验(PPD试验)/重组结核杆菌融合蛋白试验(EC试验)、胸部X线片3种,根据不同年级采取不同筛查方法。采用构成比、百分率、千分率等进行描述性分析。结果2022年贵州省共有7651所学校的1675408名新生参加了入学肺结核筛查。肺结核密切接触史率、可疑症状率分别为1.64‰、1.26‰;PDD强阳性率为2.02%、EC阳性率为4.26%;肺结核检出率为16.43/10万,不同办学单位(χ^(2)=9.069,P=0.003)、不同寄宿类型(χ^(2)=92.747,P<0.001)和不同学校类型(P=0.003)的活动性肺结核检出率差异均有统计学意义。结论新生入学肺结核筛查工作对于学校肺结核疫情防控和降低学生肺结核患病水平具有重要意义;要进一步加强对新生的肺结核的健康教育,提升自我防护意识。

中国肾移植受者结核病临床诊疗指南(2023版)

本指南旨在为肾移植受者结核病的临床管理提供全面而实用的指导。首先,概述了肾移植受者结核病的特殊性,强调了其高发生率及临床表现的多样性。为了更好地理解患者的病情,建议在移植前进行结核病相关的评估,并注意移植术后对结核病的监测。在诊断方面,详细介绍了目前常用的结核病诊断方法,并提供了在肾移植受者中的适用性评估。在确诊后,讨论了在免疫抑制药应用的背景下,如何平衡结核病治疗和排斥反应的策略,并关注了潜在的药物相互作用。预防方面,强调了在肾移植前对结核病的筛查。本指南旨在提高医务人员对肾移植受者结核病管理的认知,促进更有效的临床实践,提高受者的生活质量。

学校结核感染率筛查策略改良效果研究

目的探讨学校结核感染率筛查策略的改良效果。方法选取2018-2019年该市城区各中学初一年级及高一年级的29765例学生,采用常规方法结核感染率筛查为对照组,采用改良方法结核感染筛查为观察组;选取2020-2022年该市城区各中学初一年级及高一年级的47082例学生,采用改良方法结核感染筛查,统计分析结核感染率筛查的阳性率情况。结果观察组结核感染阳性率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2018-2022年结核感染阳性率呈逐渐下降趋势。学生结核病防治知识考试分数培训后均高于培训前,医务人员结核病防治技能考核分数培训后均高于培训前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),2018-2022年医务人员及学生培训前后考核分数随着年份的增加呈升高趋势。结论改良方法有效提高了结核感染筛查阳性率、学生结核病防治知识、医务人员结核病防治技能,结核感染阳性率降低,结核病感染得到有效控制。

2021年泽普县15岁以下中学入学新生结核病感染情况分析

目的:了解泽普县15岁以下中学入学新生结核病感染现状,为学校结核病防控工作提供科学依据。方法:对2021年泽普县15岁以下中学入学新生进行结核菌素试验,对检测结果进行分析,并采用logistic回归模型进行影响因素分析。结果:结核菌素试验阳性率为5.47%(248/4531)。其中,一般阳性率为3.38%(153/4531),中度阳性率为1.50%(68/4531),强阳性率为0.60%(27/4531)。不同年级新生结核菌素试验阳性率和强阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为31.74、20.26,P<0.05);不同民族新生结核菌素试验阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=37.83,P<0.05);农村新生和城镇新生结核菌素试验阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.42,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高一年级(OR=3.43)、汉族(OR=2.46)和城镇(OR=1.69)是入学新生结核感染的主要因素。结论:开展结核菌素试验可以了解新生结核病感染现况,识别学生感染结核病的主要因素,从而有针对性地采取防控措施,防止结核病在校园内传播流行。

化学免疫分析结核γ-干扰素释放试验在肺结核诊断中的价值探究

目的 分析化学免疫分析结核γ-干扰素释放试验在肺结核诊断中应用的价值。方法 选取2020年1月—2023年4月江苏省淮安市楚州中医院接受检查的109例疑似肺结核患者作为研究对象,全部研究对象均行结核菌素皮肤试验和化学免疫分析结核γ-干扰素释放试验,将抗酸染色试验的结果为金标准,比较两种检测方式在肺结核诊断中的应用结果及诊断效能。结果 结核γ-干扰素释放试验在肺结核诊断中真阳性例数多于结核菌素皮肤试验。化学免疫分析结核γ-干扰素释放试验的灵敏度(94.74%)和准确度(93.58%)高于结核菌素皮肤试验的84.21%、81.65%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.588,7.144,P均<0.05)。结论 在肺结核疾病诊断中,应用化学免疫分析结核γ-干扰素释放试验具有较高价值,诊断结果与金标准较为接近,诊断效能较高。

85例结节性红斑患者复发因素分析

目的:探讨结节性红斑(Erythema nodosum,EN)复发的有关因素。方法:将2016年1月—2022年6月在赣南医科大学第一附属医院诊断为EN的患者分为复发组(26例)和未复发组(59例),对其临床资料进行回顾性对比分析。采用χ^(2)检验及t检验比较2组临床特征及实验室检验指标,并对其进行多因素Logistic回归分析;比较EN患者结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(Purified protein derivative of tuberculin,PPD)试验与结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T cell spot test of tuberculosis infection,T-SPOT.TB)的结果。结果:EN的复发与发病部位(χ^(2)=8.137,P=0.004)、C反应蛋白(χ^(2)=5.412,P=0.020)、中性粒细胞数目(χ^(2)=8.485,P=0.014)有关;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,发病部位(OR=5.394,95%CI=1.744~16.689)、C反应蛋白偏高(OR=3.383,95%CI=1.006~11.375)为EN复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05);T-SPOT.TB结果阳性时抗结核治疗的复发率(10%)比PPD试验结果阳性的复发率(81.4%)低(P<0.05)。结论:EN的复发与发病部位、C反应蛋白、中性粒细胞数目有关;影响EN复发的独立危险因素为发病部位、C反应蛋白;T-SPOT.TB与PPD试验联合应用有助于发现EN患者的结核感染,2项结果阳性时抗结核治疗的EN复发率较低。

肺结核密切接触者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染情况及影响因素分析

目的:分析肺结核密切接触者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)情况及影响因素。方法:以苏州地区张家港市2021年1月1日至12月31日期间登记管理的肺结核患者(76例)及其密切接触者(498名)为研究对象,调查研究对象人口学特征和接触方式等信息,采用结核菌素皮肤试验判定LTBI者。应用非条件的Binary Logistic逐步回归模型筛选肺结核密切接触者发生LTBI的影响因素,绘制森林图。结果:498名肺结核密切接触者中,LTBI者179例,潜伏感染率为35.94%。病原学阳性患者密切接触者LTBI发生率(37.64%,172/457)明显高于病原学阴性者(17.07%,7/41),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.910,P<0.001)。多因素分析显示,以年龄最低三分位(<20岁)为参考,肺结核密切接触者(20~39岁和≥40岁)发生LTBI风险的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.768(1.132~2.763)和2.020(1.093~3.733),呈现随年龄增加,感染风险上升的趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=15.743,P<0.001);社会密切接触者发生LTBI的风险是家庭密切接触者的2.892(95%CI:1.673~4.999)倍。结论:苏州地区张家港市肺结核密切接触者LTBI发生率较高,病原学阳性患者密切接触者、年龄≥40岁密切接触者和社会密切接触者是发生LTBI的高风险人群,应进行针对性开展预防性服药干预。

2018—2021年广州市中学和大学新生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染情况分析

目的:了解广州市中学和大学新生结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)的情况,为广州市学校结核病防控工作和策略制定提供参考依据。方法:选取广州市中学和大学共17所学校作为试点单位,对试点单位2018—2021年共计17632名入学新生(包括初高中、专科、高等院校的一年级学生)根据知情同意的原则进行结核菌素皮肤试验(tuberculin skin test,TST),对15岁以上学生同时加做胸部X线摄片检查;TST中度及以上阳性者(硬结平均直径≥10 mm)再进一步加做γ-干扰素释放试验(interferon gamma release assay,IGRA);TST和IGRA均为阳性或胸部X线摄片发现肺部异常阴影者,再进行痰涂片、痰培养等结核病辅助诊断检查。使用描述性流行病学方法对筛查结果进行分析。结果:实际筛查学生17204名,筛查率为97.57%(17204/17632)。TST阳性者共4449名,阳性率为25.87%(4449/17199),一般阳性率为15.98%(2748/17199),中度阳性率为7.65%(1315/17199),强阳性率为2.24%(386/17199)。高中组TST阳性率(33.81%,1408/4165)最高,初中组TST阳性率(30.58%,329/1076)次之,大学组TST阳性率(22.68%,2712/11958)最低,组间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=353.897,P<0.001)。男生TST阳性率为26.68%(2789/10452),明显高于女生的24.60%(1660/6747),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=35.855,P<0.001)。1701名TST中度及以上阳性者(即硬结平均直径≥10 mm)加做IGRA检测,IGRA阳性者244例,TST中度及以上阳性+IGRA阳性率为1.42%(244/17199)。筛查发现7例学生胸片异常,其中1例TST阴性(IGRA未做),6例TST阳性(其中5例IGRA阳性,1例IGRA阴性)。最终确诊肺结核5例,肺结核检出率为29.06/10万(5/17204)。结论:广州市学生结核感染情况不容忽视,应加强初中、高中新生入学结核病体检工作,及时发现学生结核病患者和LTBI者。TST和IGRA联合筛查有助于提高筛查的准确性和防控效率,符合成本效益原则。

γ-干扰素释放试验在抗酸杆菌涂片阴性肺结核患者诊断中的应用价值研究

目的:研究γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRAs)在抗酸杆菌涂片阴性肺结核患者临床诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月—2018年12月于广西壮族自治区南溪山医院行IGRAs与纤维支气管镜灌洗或刷检标本抗酸杆菌阴性患者320例的临床资料,根据患者是否患有肺结核分为两组,将纤维支气管镜标本涂片阴性肺结核患者178例纳入肺结核组,肺炎、肺癌等疾病患者142例纳入其他肺部疾病组。比较两组患者ICRAs与结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)检测结果,比较两种检查的诊断价值。结果:肺结核组患者IGRAs与TST阳性率均高于其他肺部疾病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。IGRAs对抗酸杆菌涂片阴性肺结核诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均高于TST,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:抗酸杆菌涂片阴性肺结核患者IGRAs与TST阳性检出率均高于其他肺部疾病患者,但IGRAs具有更高敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值与阴性预测值,诊断价值较高。