Tuberculosis of the spine

Pott’s spine,commonly known as spinal tuberculosis(TB),is an extrapulmonary form of TB caused by Mycobacterium TB.Pott’s paraplegia occurs when the spine is involved.Spinal TB is usually caused by the hematogenous spread of infection from a central focus,which can be in the lungs or another location.Spinal TB is distinguished by intervertebral disc involvement caused by the same segmental arterial supply,which can result in severe morbidity even after years of approved therapy.Neurological impairments and spine deformities are caused by progressive damage to the anterior vertebral body.The clinical,radiographic,microbiological,and histological data are used to make the diagnosis of spinal TB.In Pott’s spine,combination multidrug antitubercular therapy is the basis of treatment.The recent appearance of multidrug-resistant/extremely drug-resistant TB and the growth of human immunodeficiency virus infection have presented significant challenges in the battle against TB infection.Patients who come with significant kyphosis or neurological impairments are the only ones who require surgical care.Debride-ment,fusion stabilization,and correction of spinal deformity are the cornerstones of surgical treatment.Clinical results for the treatment of spinal TB are generally quite good with adequate and prompt care.

Differential study of DCE-MRI parameters in spinal metastatic tumors, brucellar spondylitis and spinal tuberculosis

Objective： In the present study, spinal metastatic tumors, brucellar spondylitis and spinal tuberculosis werequantitatively analyzed using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （DCE-MRI） to assess thevalue of DCE-MRI in the differential diagnosis of these diseases.Methods： Patients with brucellar spondylitis, spinal tuberculosis or a spinal metastatic tumor （30 cases of each）received conventional MRI and DCE-MRI examination. The volume transfer constant （Ktrans）, rate constant （Kep）,extravascular extracellular volume fraction （Ve） and plasma volume fraction （Vp） of the diseased vertebral bodieswere measured on the perfusion parameter map, and the differences in these parameters between the patients werecompared.Results： For pathological vertebrae in cases of spinal metastatic tumor, brucellar spondylitis and spinaltuberculosis, respectively, the Ktrans values （median ＋ quartile pitch） were 0.989±0.014, 0.720±0.011 and0.317±0.005 min-1; the Kep values were 2.898±0.055, 1.327±0.017 and 0.748±0.006 min-1; the Ve values were0.339±0.008, 0.542±0.013 and 0.428±0.018; the Vp values were 0.048±0.008, 0.035±0.004 and 0.028±0.009; thecorresponding H values were 50.25 （for Ktrans）, 52.47 （for Kep）, 48.33 （for Ve） and 46.56 （for Vp）, and all differenceswere statistically significant （two-sided P〈0.05）.Conclusions： The quantitative analysis of DCE-MRI has a certain value in the differential diagnosis of spinalmetastatic tumor, brucellar spondylitis and spinal tuberculosis.

One-stage Surgical Treatment for Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Tuberculosis by Transpedicular Fixation, Debridement, and Combined Interbody and Posterior Fusion via a Posterior-only Approach

This study examined the clinical outcomes of one-stage surgical treatment for patients with spinal tuberculosis via a posterior-only approach. Twenty-four patients with thoracic or lumbar spinal tuberculosis whose lesions were confined to adjacent segments were admitted to our hospital and treated. The American Spinal Injury Association（ASIA） impairment scale was used to assess the neurological function. All patients were treated with one-stage surgical treatment via a posterior-only approach. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association（JOA） scores and oswestry disability index（ODI） of nerve function. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by measurement of spinal deformity using Cobb angle and radiological examination. All the patients were followed up for 13 to 27 months. They had significantly postoperative improvement in JOA score, ODI and ASIA classification scores. The kyphotic angles were significantly corrected and maintained at the final follow-up. Bone fusion was achieved within 4–12 months. It was concluded that one-stage surgical treatment via a posterior-only approach is effective and feasible for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis.

Diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis after liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: Spinal tuberculosis is a common disease in orthopedic clinical practice; however, it is seldom reported after organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis after organ transplantation. METHOD: Two cases were diagnosed as spinal tuberculosis after liver transplantation and were treated with socarboxazide, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol for more than one year. RESULTS: After treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs for several months, the symptoms of both patients clearly improved. Back pain disappeared, and erythrocyte sedimentation and body temperature returned to normal. CONCLUSIONS: We should highly suspect spinal tuberculosis if notalgia and night sweats are present after organ transplantation. Anti-tuberculosis therapy is an effective treatment for spinal tuberculosis after organ transplantation.

Treatment of Thoracic Spine Tuberculosis by Paraspinal Muscle Gap Approach

Objective: To evaluate the clinical feasibility and efficacy in treatment of thoracic tuberculosis via paraspinal approach. Methods: From June 2011 to August 2016, 24 patients with mono-segmental thoracic spine tuberculosis were treated by transfacet debridement combined with bone grafting and internal fixation through paraspinal approach. There were 11 males and 13 females with age ranging from 21 to 63 years (average, 39.5). There were 3 patients in T4/5, 2 patients in T5/6, 3 patients in T7/8, 3 patients in T8/9, 4 patients in T9/10, 3 patients in T10/11, and 6 patients in T11/12. Patients had different degraded local kyphosis deformity shown on X-ray, and different degraded bone destruction and abscess in thoracic spine shown on CT and MRI before the operation. All of the patients before the regular anti tuberculosis treatment for 2 to 4 weeks, the surgical approach used by paraspinal muscle approach, postoperative regular anti tuberculosis treatment for 9 to 12 weeks. Record the clinical symptoms of patients before and after surgery, preoperative Frankel functional classification of spinal cord injury, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative ESR, CRP, complications, VAS score, ODI score and Cobb angle changes, imaging check regularly to evaluate the fusion and follow-up of nerve functional recovery. Results: The average operation time was 198 min. The average blood loss was 436 ml. There were no severe complications during and after operation. All patients were followed up for 1 year to 2 years, average 1.5 years of follow-up, the clinical symptoms improved significantly after operation and last follow-up ESR, CRP, VAS score, ODI score and Cobb angle were significantly improved after operation (P < 0.05), grade I Eck fusion, the fusion rate was 100% and the neurological function were improved. Conclusion: on the basis of strict anti tuberculosis chemotherapy, the use of paraspinal muscle gap approach for the treatment of thoracic tuberculosis is less invasive, less destructive to spinal stability, and can achieve obvious curative effect. It is worthy of clinical application.

Susceptibility of spinal tuberculosis and its related gene polymorphisms

Spinal tuberculosis,as one of the most serious forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis,is one of the primary causes of spinal deformity and paralysis in developing countries.It immensely affects people's quality of life with high incidences of deformity and disability.The onset of spinal tuberculosis is related to many factors such as gender,age,environment,habits and hereditary factor.As a genetic factor,gene polymorphism plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tuberculosis.This article reviews the research progress of the susceptibility of spinal tuberculosis and its related gene polymorphisms,in order to provide reference for early prevention and treatment of spinal tuberculosis.

The Effect of Intensive Psychological Nursing on the Mood and Solutions of Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Objective:To investigate the effect of intensive psycho1ogical nursing on the mood and coping ways of spinal tuberculosis patients.Methods:The clinical data of 102 patients undergoing spinal tuberculosis surgery in our hospital from February 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.A11 the cases were grouped according to different nursing plans,patients who received routine care were included in the control group(n=50),and the ones with intensive psychological care were included in the observation group(n=52).Compare negative emotions after nursing[assessment using self-assessment scale of anxiety(SAS),depression self-assessment scale(SDS)]and solutions[assessment using medical response questionnaire(MCMQ)]of the two groups.Results:After nursing,the SAs,SDs scores,avoidance and yield scores of the two groups were reduced,and the coping scores were increased,and the change of the observation group was greater than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Spinal tuberculosis surgery patients were treated with intensive psychological care,which can relieve patients'negative emotions,improve solutions and are worthy of clinical use.

A challenging case of tuberculosis-associated uveitis after corticosteroid treatment for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

Dear Editor,I am Dr.Tian-Wei Qian,from Shanghai General Hospital,Shanghai,China.I write to present one case report of tuberculosis（TB）-associated uveitis after corticosteroid treatment for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada（VKH）disease.

Surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis in older patients

Objective To discuss perioperative features,operative approach and surgical effects of spinal tuberculosis in older patients.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 45 patients with spinal

Immunosuppressive Treatment of Connective Tissue Disease and Occurrence of Tuberculosis

Introduction: The occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) during the follow-up of Connective tissue diseases (CTD) is a particular situation often posing real diagnostic problems. This is an association described in the literature. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study at the internal medicine department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment that patients followed for CTD and suffering from TB took before the occurrence of this one. Results: During a study period of 11 years and 6 months, 21 cases of TB were diagnosed in 602 cases of CTD (0.03%). The predominance was female with a sex ratio (H/F) of 0.6. The median age was 42 years old. The majority of cases originated from the Dakar region (13 patients or 61.9%) and 85.7% had previous follow-up exclusively in modern medicine and 21 cases (95%) received the CTD’s treatment. This consisted of prednisone (90.5%) combined with methotrexate (52.4%), azathioprine (23.8%) or cyclophosphamide (19.4%). The respective medians doses of these drugs were 12.5 mg per day for prednisone, 13.5 mg per week for methotrexate and 100 mg per day for azathioprine. The median duration of patient follow-up was 36 months. The cumulative dose of prednisone during this period was 23.6 g and that of methotrexate 2.25 g. CTD were dominated by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (57.1%), and systemic lupus (19%). Isolated cases of systemic scleroderma, primary Sj&#244;gren, SHARP syndrom, mixed connective tissue disease, and multiple autoimmune syndrom were noted. TB was localized in 95% of cases, readily bilateral and poorly disseminated. The respective medians diagnostic delays for systemic disease and TB were 21 months and 5 months. Tuberculin intradermal reaction was performed in 16 cases and was positive in 9 cases, sputum bacilli was performed in 19 cases and was positive in 15 cases. Conclusion: The association of TB and CTD was characterized by its rarity, its poorly disseminated character and its frequency on RA field.

优化T-SPOT.TB在区分脊柱结核与其他脊柱感染中的诊断效能

目的 探讨结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)在脊柱结核(STB)鉴别诊断中的效能,并通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线最佳截断值优化诊断效能。方法 收集2010年1月—2019年5月某院脊柱感染患者的临床资料,包括术前T-SPOT.TB检测结果、白细胞计数、C-反应蛋白、血沉、降钙素原和结核抗体等相关数据,根据诊断标准进行临床诊断,分析T-SPOT.TB在术前诊断STB与其他脊柱感染中的灵敏度和特异度,评价优化后的T-SPOT.TB指标的诊断效能。结果 共纳入132例患者,其中78例(59.09%)为STB,54例(40.91%)为非结核脊柱感染。T-SPOT.TB在鉴别诊断STB方面的灵敏度为67.68%,特异度为66.67%。单因素logistic回归分析显示,与非结核脊柱感染比较,T-SPOT.TB检测诊断STB的OR值为4.188(95%CI:1.847~9.974,P<0.001)。优化T-SPOT.TB评价指标,通过绘制ROC曲线,确定ESAT-6、CFP-10、CFP-10+ESAT-6在STB和非结核脊柱感染鉴别诊断中的最佳截断值,分别为12.5、19.5、36,曲线下面积(AUC)分别是0.765 6、0.741 5、0.778 6,均具有较好的诊断性能,其中以CFP-10+ESAT-6的AUC最高。CFP-10+ESAT-6特异性斑点数在脊柱结核诊断中性能更佳,其诊断准确度为75.56%,较优化前T-SPOT.TB的67.42%高。结论 T-SPOT.TB检测在区分STB与非结核脊柱感染方面显示出较高的诊断效能,T-SPOT.TB检测呈阳性,尤其是当CFP-10+ESAT-6的斑点数超过36时,提示脊柱结核的可能性较大。

脊柱结核术后TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17的变化及与预后的相关性研究

目的分析脊柱结核术后Toll样受体(TLR)-4、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-17的变化及与预后的相关性。方法选择2021年1月—2022年12月收治的60例接受手术治疗的脊柱结核患者作为观察组,另选60例非脊柱结核且行脊柱手术的患者作为对照组(部分病例由基金项目中合作医院提供)。检测两组患者血清及病灶组织TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17表达水平。根据观察组患者术后6个月的预后情况,分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较两组术前及术后6个月的血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17表达水平,使用Pearson相关性分析评价脊柱结核患者术前血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17表达水平与术后6个月改良巴氏指数(MBI)量表评分的关系,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析术后血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6联合IL-17对脊柱结核术后预后不良的预测效能。结果观察组术前血清及病灶组织的TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17表达水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组术前血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17表达水平均高于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月,预后良好组血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17表达水平较术前明显降低,与预后不良组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关性分析,脊柱结核患者术前血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17表达水平与术后6个月MBI量表评分呈负相关(P<0.05);经ROC曲线分析,术前血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6联合IL-17预测脊柱结核术后预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.921。结论脊柱结核术后血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17较术前明显降低,与预后密切相关,术前血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6联合IL-17预测预后不良的效能较好,值得临床予以重视。

Analytic Study of Spinal Infections: Clinical Picture, Treatment, and Outcomes in King Fahad Military Medical Complex in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of spinal infection in a hospital located in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia through a retrospective review and to identify the associated etiological agents in terms of clinical picture, treatment, and outcomes. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Single hospital in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Patients: Patients with any type of spinal infection and/or who had undergone neurosurgical intervention for spinal infection between January 2006 and December 2018. Methods: We collected data on all patients with an established diagnosis of spinal infection from January 2006 to December 2018 in the King Fahad Military Medical Complex in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. A validated and structured checklist was used for data collection. Spinal infection diagnosis was based on the clinical manifestation, microbiological evidence, radiological findings, and antimicrobial therapy response. Results: Seventeen patients were included in this study, and their mean age was 54.93 years. Twelve of the patients were male and four were female. The approximate time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 2 - 6 months. Most of the patients experienced back pain, with lumbosacral spondylitis being the most commonly cited type (61.11%), followed by thoracolumbar spondylodiscitis (25%) and cervical spondylodiscitis (6.25%). The most frequently isolated organism was Mycobacterium tuberculosis (8 patients, 50%), followed by extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (4 patients, 25%), Brucella spp (3 patients, 18.75%), Staphylococcus aureus (1 patient, 6.25%), and Quambalaria cyanescens (1 patient, 6.25%). Totally, in 50% of the patients with thoracolumbar and lumbosacra site involvement, tuberculosis spondylodiscitis was observed, while another 50% of the cases showed complications associated with paravertebral abscess that required surgical drainage. Conclusion: M. tuberculosis was found to be the major cause of infectious spondylodiscitis. Additionally, Quambalaria cyanescens was isolated;this is the second reported case of the organism being isolated and the first associated with spinal infection.

脊柱结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后住院时间延长的危险因素及预测模型

目的:分析脊柱结核患者行病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后住院时间(length of stay,LOS)延长的危险因素,建立预测模型并进行验证。方法:回顾性分析2016年2月~2020年12月在西安交通大学附属红会医院行病灶清除植骨融合内固定术的152例脊柱结核患者的临床资料,根据患者术后LOS是否超过整体研究队列第75%分位的术后LOS分为LOS延长组(PLOS组)和LOS正常组(NLOS组)。对两组患者的性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、截瘫、抗凝史、结核耐药、术前抗结核时间、输血、手术部位、手术入路、融合椎体数目、手术时间、术中出血量(intraoperative blood loss,IBL)、术后并发症、输血费用、住院费用、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、血常规、凝血功能等进行单因素分析。根据套索(Lasso)回归,选择与脊柱结核术后LOS延长显著相关的危险因素;随后将筛选出来的危险因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,最终依据多因素Logistic回归分析结果建立预测模型,并通过绘制列线图对模型进行可视化,以此来预测脊柱结核术后LOS延长的风险概率。使用自举法(Bootstrap)进行模型内部验证,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、校准曲线和决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)验证该模型的区分度、准确度以及临床适用性。结果:纳入研究的152例患者中位LOS为10d,75%LOS为14d,PLOS组96例,NLOS组56例。单因素分析显示,两组患者的年龄、高血压、糖尿病、抗凝史、结核耐药、术前抗结核时间、手术部位、手术入路、手术时间、IBL、术后并发症、CRP、ESR、术前ALB、血常规、凝血功能等均无统计学差异(P>0.05),两组患者的性别、截瘫、输血、融合椎体数目、输血费用、住院费用差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。将患者手术时间、IBL、术前Hb、术前ALB,按ROC的约登指数为分割点,手术时间临界值为198(min)、IBL临界值为1000(mL)、术前Hb临界值为118(g/L)、术前ALB临界值为38.8(g/L)。筛选出与脊柱结核术后LOS延长密切相关的危险因素为女性、输血、融合椎体数目≥3、手术时间≥198min和IBL≥1000mL、术前Hb<118g/L和术前ALB<38.8g/L。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性、融合椎体数目≥3、手术时间≥198min和IBL≥1000ml是脊柱结核患者术后LOS延长的危险因素(P<0.05)。构建Logistic回归的可视化列线图模型,列线图中的预测因子包括女性、融合椎体数目、手术时间和IBL。进行1000次Bootstrap自助抽样以完成模型内部验证,C指数值为0.882,ROC曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.884(95%CI:0.782~0.985)。校准曲线显示模型的表观曲线与偏差校正后的曲线拟合良好。DCA曲线显示在0.2~0.9的阈值区间具有最大临床效益。结论:女性、融合椎体数目≥3、手术时间≥198min和IBL≥1000ml是脊柱结核患者行后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术后LOS延长的主要危险因素,基于以上危险因素所绘制的连线图可以帮助医生做出临床决策并优化围术期管理。

宏基因组二代测序技术对结核性与非结核性脊柱感染疾病的诊断价值研究

背景结核性脊柱感染是脊柱外科比较棘手的疾病之一,其早期临床症状大多不典型,实验室检查、影像检查及组织病理学检查的特异性不高。病原学诊断是结核性脊柱感染诊断的“金标准”,但病原微生物培养存在周期长、阳性率低的缺点。宏基因组二代测序技术(metagenomic next-generation sequencing,mNGS)目前已应用到临床的诊断中,但关于mNGS与其他常见临床检测方法之间比较的研究较少。目的探讨mNGS对结核性脊柱感染疾病的诊断价值。方法收集2021年2月—2023年9月收入解放军总医院第八医学中心脊柱外科的脊柱感染患者的病历信息,提取采集血液、脓液及病灶组织标本进行血清学检测、细菌培养、结核菌培养、病理学检查、X-pert和mNGS检测的结果,以临床诊断(病理学结果)为“金标准”,比较不同检测方式的诊断价值。结果共收集112例脊柱感染患者,男性68例,女性44例,年龄14~87(58.98±13.70)岁。临床诊断结果为非结核性脊柱感染63例,脊柱结核感染49例。mNGS法检出脊柱感染阳性90例(80.4%),微生物培养法检出阳性51例(45.5%)。判断脊柱感染中的结核性感染方面,mNGS阳性检出34例(69.39%);微生物培养阳性检出仅17例(34.69%)。mNGS法检出病原微生物102例,其中细菌70例。在mNGS、微生物培养、T-spot、X-pert对脊柱结核的临床诊断效能分析结果中,mNGS效能最高(AUC=0.839),其诊断的准确度最高,甚至高于目前临床常用的方法。mNGS以及4种方法联合的诊断效能最高,ROC-AUC(95%CI)分别为0.846(0.701~0.971)和0.876(0.773~0.962),显著高于其他3种单独方法,Delong检验P<0.05。结论宏基因二代测序技术能够快速、高效地对脊柱感染性疾病的病原微生物进行检测,并且对于结核性脊柱感染疾病有着较高的检出率、敏感度和特异度。该技术是诊断与鉴别脊柱感染性疾病较好、较快的方法,可为结核性脊柱感染性疾病的诊断提供指导。

后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定手术治疗跳跃性脊柱结核的疗效分析

目的:总结跳跃性脊柱结核的临床特点,探讨一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定手术治疗跳跃性脊柱结核的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年7月~2022年5月我院手术治疗的31例跳跃性脊柱结核患者的临床资料,其中患者男18例,女13例,年龄49.5±27.5岁。其中2处病灶24例,3处病灶7例。对每例患者明确责任椎,确定手术病灶、融合节段、内固定方式,以制定个体化手术方案,随访29.7±14.7个月(15~85个月)。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量,并记录术中及术后并发症情况;术前和术后1个月、3个月、1年及末次随访的红细胞沉降(ESR)和C-反应蛋白(CRP);术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月、1年及末次随访的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS);术前及术后1周、末次随访时病灶后凸Cobb角;记录术前及末次随访时美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级;末次随访时采用Bridwell骨愈合标准分级以评估术后结核活动性、症状改善、畸形矫正及骨愈合。结果:31例患者中20例(65.4%)只有1处病灶出现临床症状,23例(74.2%)以疼痛为主诉入院,15例(48.4%)在病程中只有疼痛症状,而11例(35.5%)只有1处病灶出现疼痛症状,18例(58.1%)患者初诊时至少有1处病灶漏诊。所有患者手术顺利,手术时间280.0±52.2min(165~330min),失血量567.7±332.0mL(150~1000mL)。术后出现脑脊液漏4例,切口感染3例,经对症处理后痊愈;所有结核病灶均治愈,未出现复发。术前及术后1个月、3个月、1年、末次随访时ESR为41.5±26.3mm/h、16.3±13.4mm/h、12.5±6.3mm/h、11.4±5.2mm/h、9.2±3.1mm/h;CRP为32.8±23.2mg/L、7.3±5.6mg/L、6.2±4.1mg/L、5.1±3.7mg/L、2.8±2.3mg/L;术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月、1年、末次随访时VAS评分为6.4±2.4分、2.4±1.7分、2.3±1.3分、1.6±0.9分、0.9±0.7分、0.4±0.3分。术后各个时间点CRP、ESR、VAS评分较术前均有显著改善(P<0.05)。术前Cobb角25.7°±4.9°,术后1周15.4°±2.1°,末次随访时17.1°±2.3°,术后均较术前有统计学差异(P<0.05);10例存在术前神经功能损伤患者,末次随访时1例术前A级患者恢复至C级;4例术前B级患者1例恢复至C级,3例恢复至D级;5例术前C级患者2例恢复至D级,3例恢复至E级;术后6~12个月42处植骨病灶均获得骨融合,末次随访时34处病灶BridwellⅠ级愈合,8处病灶BridwellⅡ级融合。结论:对跳跃性脊柱结核患者,明确责任椎及各处病灶病变特点,一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定手术治疗安全且高效,能得到满意的疗效。

miR⁃146a通过TGF⁃β1/SMAD通路调控脊柱结核进展的分子机制

目的探讨miR⁃146a/转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor⁃β1,TGF⁃β1)/母亲抗肢瘫(small mother against decapentaplegic,SMAD)通路在脊柱结核进展中的调控机制。方法收集脊柱结核病人和正常病人髓核组织,验证miR⁃146a/TGF⁃β1/SMAD通路在结核髓核组织中的表达量;分离培养髓核细胞,敲低/过表达miR⁃146a,分别应用qPCR、Western blot、CCK⁃8、划痕实验验证miR⁃146a对TGF⁃β1/SMAD通路表达及髓核细胞增殖、迁移能力的影响。结果与正常病人比较,脊柱结核病人髓核细胞增殖及迁移能力显著减低,miR⁃146a在脊柱结核病人髓核组织中表达量显著减低,而脊柱结核病人髓核组织中SMAD同系物2(SMAD2)、SMAD同系物3(SMAD3)、SMAD同系物4(SMAD4)、TGF⁃β1基因表达增高,SMAD同系物7(SMAD7)表达减低,提示miR⁃146a与TGF⁃β1/SMAD通路活性显著负相关。过表达miR⁃146a可抑制SMAD2、SMAD3、SMAD4、TGF⁃β1和促进SMAD7表达,而敲低miR⁃146a可促进SMAD2、SMAD3、SMAD4、TGF⁃β1 mRNA和抑制SMAD7表达水平。细胞实验进一步证实过表达miR⁃146a可促进脊柱结核病人髓核细胞增殖和迁移能力,而敲低miR⁃146a可显著抑制其增殖和迁移能力。结论miR⁃146a是脊柱结核进展的关键调控因子,其可通过抑制TGF⁃β1/SMAD通路活性进而调控髓核细胞增殖及迁移活性。

血清SAA4和SOCS1对脊柱结核与化脓性脊柱炎的早期鉴别价值

目的探究血清淀粉样蛋白4(SAA4)和细胞因子信号传导抑制因子1(SOCS1)对脊柱结核(STB)与化脓性脊柱炎(PS)的早期鉴别价值。方法收集2019年1月至2021年6月就诊于新乡医学院第一附属医院的STB患者(STB组,n=62)和PS患者(PS组,n=52)一般资料,另将同期进行健康体检者50名作为对照组。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清SAA4和SOCS1水平;Logistic回归分析鉴别STB与PS的影响因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清SAA4和SOCS1对STB和PS的鉴别价值。结果与对照组相比,STB组、PS组患者血清SAA4水平均升高,SOCS1水平均降低(P<0.05),且STB组SAA4和SOCS1水平均高于PS组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清SAA4和SOCS1是鉴别STB与PS的预测因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,SAA4和SOCS1单独鉴别STB与PS的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.833和0.872,敏感度分别为75.8%和75.8%,特异性分别为65.1%和66.9%,两者联合鉴别STB与PS的AUC为0.947,敏感度和特异性分别为88.7%和78.0%,两者联合鉴别的AUC显著大于SAA4和SOCS1单独鉴别的AUC(Z=2.683,2.015,P<0.05)。结论STB患者血清SAA4和SOCS1水平均显著高于PS患者,两者均可作为STB和PS的早期鉴别指标,且两者联合检测可提高鉴别诊断效能。

后入路胸腰椎结核患者术后切口愈合不良的危险因素分析:1项单中心回顾性观察队列研究

目的:分析胸腰椎结核患者术后切口愈合不良(poor wound healing,PWH)的风险因素。方法:回顾性纳入重庆医科大学附属第一医院骨科2019年1月至2021年10月接受后入路胸腰椎结核病灶清除+植骨融合内固定术的124例患者,其中16例发生PWH,108例未发生PWH。根据术后是否出现PWH分为PWH组和非PWH组。对比研究2组患者术前资料,包括:性别、年龄、吸烟/饮酒史、是否合并高血压/肺结核/糖尿病、手术固定节段数、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、平均红细胞体积(mean corpuscular volume,MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration,MCHC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血小板(platelet,PLT)、中性粒细胞计数和百分比、淋巴细胞计数和百分比、单核细胞计数和百分比、血红蛋白、前白蛋白、白蛋白、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)和C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)。采用单变量分析、多因素二元逻辑回归及受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析探讨影响因素。结果:单变量分析结果发现:合并肺结核(χ2=5.458,P=0.019)、手术固定节段数(Z=-3.407,P=0.001)、PLT(Z=-2.766,P=0.006)、MCV(Z=2.957,P=0.004)、MCH(Z=-3.001,P=0.003)、MCHC(Z=2.379,P=0.019)、中性粒细胞绝对值(Z=-3.723,P<0.001)、中性粒细胞百分比(Z=-3.678,P<0.001)、淋巴细胞百分比(Z=3.798,P<0.001)、Hb(Z=-3.225,P=0.001)、前白蛋白(Z=3.988,P<0.001)、白蛋白(Z=-3.562,P<0.001)、ESR(Z=-2.971,P=0.003)、CRP(Z=-4.305,P<0.001)为明显危险因素。经多因素二元logistic回归分析得出:手术固定节段数、术前中性粒细胞百分比、术前中性粒细胞绝对值、术前淋巴细胞百分比和CRP为胸腰椎结核患者术后PWH的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,手术固定节段数、术前中性粒细胞百分比、术前中性粒细胞绝对值、术前淋巴细胞百分比和CRP最佳临界值分别为5个节段、71.5%、5.29×109/L、19.45%和40.95 mg/L。结论:缩短切口长度以减少手术创伤,术前监测中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞以及CRP水平,可减少胸腰椎结核患者术后发生PWH的风险。

一期后路病灶清除、颗粒植骨及内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的效果分析

目的:探讨一期后路病灶清除、椎体间颗粒植骨及内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年6月西安市胸科医院骨科收治的31例胸腰椎结核患者,均接受一期后路病灶清除、椎体间骨颗粒植骨及内固定手术,通过分析手术时间、出血量、手术并发症情况,以及比较手术前后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、血红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、脊髓功能Frankel分级、Cobb角及植骨融合情况评价手术疗效。结果:31例患者均完成手术并获得随访,术后随访时间18~36个月,平均随访时间(24.0±8.5)个月。术中无神经根、脊髓损伤发生,未发生术后切口感染。平均手术时间(190.6±64.4)min;平均手术出血量(442.5±114.6)ml。术后3个月的VAS疼痛视觉评分[(2.2±0.7)分]、ESR[(11.9±6.6)mm/1h]及CRP[(7.9±5.5)mg/L]均较术前[(5.5±1.9)分、(49.3±18.1)mm/1h、(34.1±16.7)mg/L]明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为10.554、11.683和9.826,P值均<0.001)。椎体间植骨术后均获得融合。末次随访时Cobb角为(9.6±3.3)°,与术前[(18.5±5.8)°]比较,差异有统计学意义(t=11.527,P<0.001)。末次随访Frankel神经功能分级:D级2例,E级29例。结论:单纯后路病灶清除椎体间颗粒植骨及内固定术对于手术指征合适的胸腰椎结核患者是安全有效的方案,手术效果确切。