Scenario of Infection Prevention and Control Measures for Tuberculosis in Tuberculosis Inpatient and Outpatient Department in Tertiary Care Hospital

Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.

Efficacy and Safety of Bufei Jiedu Granules in Treating Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis:A Multi-center,Double-Blinded and Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Bufei Jiedu(BFJD) Granules as adjuvant therapy for patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis(MDR-PTB). Methods: A large-scale, multi-center, double-blinded, and randomized controlled trial was conducted in 18 sentinel hospitals in China from December 2012 to December 2016. A total of 312 MDR-PTB patients were randomly assigned to BFJD Granules or placebo groups(1:1) using a stratified randomization method, which both received the long-course chemotherapy regimen for 18 months(6 Am-Lfx-P-Z-Pto, 12 Lfx-P-Z-Pto). Meanwhile, patients in both groups also received BFJD Granules or placebo twice a day for a total of 18 months, respectively. The primary outcome was cure rate. The secondary outcomes included time to sputum-culture conversion, changes in lung cavities and quality of life(QoL) of patients. Adverse reactions were monitored during and after the trial. Results: A total of 216 cases completed the trial, 111 in the BFJD Granules group and 105 in the placebo group. BFJD Granules, as adjuvant treatment, increased the cure rate by 13.6% at the end of treatment, compared with the placebo(58.4% vs. 44.8%, P=0.02), and accelerated the median time to sputum-culture conversion(5 months vs. 11 months). The cavity closure rate of the BFJD Granules group(50.6%, 43/85) was higher than that of the placebo group(32.1%, 26/81;P=0.02) in patients who completed the treatment. At the end of the intensive treatment, according to the 36-item Short Form, the BFJD Granules significantly improved physical functioning, general health, and vitality of patients relative to the placebo group(all P<0.01). Overall, the death rates in the two groups were not significantly different;5.1%(8/156) in the BFJD Granules group and 2.6%(4/156) in the placebo group. Conclusions: Supplementing BFJD Granules with the long-course chemotherapy regimen significantly increased the cure rate and cavity closure rate, and rapidly improved QoL of patients with MDR-PTB(Registration No. ChiCTR-TRC-12002850)

Identification and attribute analysis of key stakeholders who influence multidrug-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control in China

Background There could be various stakeholders who influencing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)policy development and implementation,yet their attributes and roles remain unclear in practice.This study aimed to identify key stakeholders in the process of policy-making for MDR-TB control and prevention and to analyse the attributes and relationships of the stakeholders,providing evidence for further policy research on MDR-TB control.Methods This study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 and applied the stakeholder analysis guidelines and domestic stakeholder analysis.An initial candidate stakeholder list was developed by policy scanning.Ten experts were invited to identify these candidate stakeholders.The major attribute of these stakeholders were analysed using the Michell scoring method.Based on these results,the intertwined relationships among groups of stakeholders were analysed and mapped through a systematic scan of the policy and literature on MDR-TB control,as well as information obtained from the interviews.Results A list of 21 types of candidate stakeholders was developed after a literature review and policy scanning,of which 11 received 100%approval.After expert evaluation and identification(the total expert authority was 0.80),19 categories of stakeholders were approved and included in the stakeholder analysis.We categorized all of the stakeholders into three groups:(i)definitive stakeholders who are mainly involved in administrative departments and the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC);(ii)expectant stakeholders who are mainly involved with MDR-TB patients,clinical departments of TB hospitals at different levels,community health care facilities,prefectural CDC and charity organizations;and(iii)latent stakeholders who mainly involved family members and neighbours of MDR-TB patients and TB related products manufacturers.Government departments and higher-level CDCs have strong decision-making power in developing MDR-TB control policies whereas the recommendations from service providers and the concerns of patients should be considered.Conclusions The MDR-TB prevention system was a multistakeholder cooperation system that was mainly led by government stakeholders.Enhancing communications with front-line service providers and patients on their unmet needs and evidence-based suggestions would highly benefit policy-making of MDR-TB prevention and control.

The strategic framework of tuberculosis control and prevention in the elderly:a scoping review towards End TB targets

With the rapid pace of population ageing,tuberculosis(TB)in the elderly increasingly becomes a public health challenge.Despite the increasing burden and high risks for TB in the elderly,targeted strategy has not been well understood and evaluated.We undertook a scoping review to identify current TB strategies,research and policy gaps in the elderly and summarized the results within a strategic framework towards End TB targets.Databases of Embase,MEDLINE,Global health and EBM reviews were searched for original studies,review articles,and policy papers published in English between January 1990 and December 2015.Articles examining TB strategy,program,guideline or intervention in the elderly from public health perspective were included.Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria.Most of them were qualitative studies,issued in high-and middle-income countries and after 2000.To break the chain of TB transmission and reactivation in the elderly,infection control,interventions of avoiding delay in diagnosis and containment are essential for preventing transmission,especially in elderly institutions and aged immigrants;screening of latent TB infection and preventive therapy had effective impacts on reducing the risk of reactivation and should be used less reluctantly in older people;optimizing early case-finding with a high index of suspicion,systematic screening for prioritized high-risk groups,initial empirical and adequate follow-up treatment with close monitoring and evaluation,as well as enhanced programmatic management are fundamental pillars for active TB elimination.Evaluation of TB epidemiology,risk factors,impacts and cost-effectiveness of interventions,adopting accurate and rapid diagnostic tools,shorter and less toxic preventive therapy,are critical issues for developing strategy in the elderly towards End TB targets.TB control strategies in the elderly were comprehensively mapped in a causal link pathway.The framework and principals identified in this study will help to evaluate and improve current program,develop targeted strategy,as well as raise more discussions on the research priority settings and policy transitions.Given the scarceness of policy and evaluated interventions,as well as the unawareness of shifting TB epidemiology and strategy especially in developing countries,the increasing need of a ready TB program for the elderly warrants further research.

Tuberculosis infection prevention and control:why we need a whole systems approach

Infection prevention and control(IPC)measures to reduce transmission of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis(TB)in health facilities are well described but poorly implemented.The implementation of TB IPC has been assessed primarily through quantitative and structured approaches that treat administrative,environmental,and personal protective measures as discrete entities.We present an on-going project entitled Umoya omuhle(“good air”),conducted in two provinces of South Africa,that adopts an interdisciplinary,‘whole systems’approach to problem analysis and intervention development for reducing nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)through improved IPC.We suggest that TB IPC represents a complex intervention that is delivered within a dynamic context shaped by policy guidelines,health facility space,infrastructure,organisation of care,and management culture.Methods drawn from epidemiology,anthropology,and health policy and systems research enable rich contextual analysis of how nosocomial Mtb transmission occurs,as well as opportunities to address the problem holistically.A‘whole systems’approach can identify leverage points within the health facility infrastructure and organisation of care that can inform the design of interventions to reduce the risk of nosocomial Mtb transmission.

Rising challenge of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China:a predictive study using Markov modeling

Background:Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)is on the rise in China.This study used a dynamic Markov model to predict the longitudinal trends of MDR-TB in China by 2050 and to assess the effects of alternative control measures.Methods:Eight states of tuberculosis transmission were set up in the Markov model using a hypothetical cohort of 100000 people.The prevalence of MDR-TB and bacteriologically confirmed drug-susceptible tuberculosis(DS-TB+)were simulated and MDR-TB was stratified into whether the disease was treated with the recommended regimen or not.Results:Without any intervention changes to current conditions,the prevalence of DS-TB+was projected to decline 67.7%by 2050,decreasing to 20 per 100000 people,whereas that of MDR-TB was expected to triple to 58/100000.Furthermore,86.2%of the MDR-TB cases would be left untreated by the year of 2050.In the case where MDR-TB detection rate reaches 50%or 70%at 5%per year,the decline in prevalence of MDR-TB would be 25.9 and 36.2%respectively.In the case where treatment coverage was improved to 70%or 100%at 5%per year,MDR-TB prevalence in 2050 would decrease by 13.8 and 24.1%,respectively.If both detection rate and treatment coverage reach 70%,the prevalence of MDR-TB by 2050 would be reduced to 28/100000 by a 51.7%reduction.Conclusions:MDR-TB,especially untreated MDR-TB,would rise rapidly under China’s current MDR-TB control strategies.Interventions designed to promote effective detection and treatment of MDR-TB are imperative in the fights against MDR-TB epidemics.

Achievements and challenges of the World Bank Loan/Department for International Development grant-assisted Tuberculosis Control Project in China

In March 2002,the government of China launched the World Bank Loan/ Department for International Development-supported Tuberculosis （TB） Control Project to reduce the prevalence and mortality of TB. The project generated promising results in policy development, strengthening of TB control systems, patient treatment success,funds management, and the introduction of legislation. In light of the global TB epidemic and control environment, it is useful to review the TB control priorities of the project, summarize the achievements and experiences around its implementation.

Analysis and control of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospital

Objective:To investigate the status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the prevention and control measures of nosocomial in-fection in our hospital.Methods:The annual monitoring of multidrug-resistant bacteria infection was measured to summarize the bacteria species,statistical distribution and antibiotic resistance.Identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria infection in patients infected or hospital acquired infections was taken to analyze the reasons of multidrug-resistant bacteria strain and put forward the relevant measures.Results:The top five of multidrug-resistant strains infections were:Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus aureus;Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter bauman-nii,Klebsiella pneumoniae.Conclusions:The occurrence of multidrug-resistant hospital infections could be prevented by rational use of antibiotics,hand hygiene and disinfection management,and reinforced monitoring of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Efficacy of integrating short-course chemotherapy with Chinese herbs to treat multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in China: a study protocol

Background:Tuberculosis(TB)causedMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb)is one of infectious disease that lead a large number of morbidity and mortality all over the world.Although no reliable evidence has been found,it is considered that combining chemotherapeutic drugs with Chinese herbs can significantly improves the cure rate and the clinical therapeutic effect.Methods:Multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis(MDR-PTB,n=258)patients with Qi-yin deficiency syndrome will be randomly assigned into a treatment group(n=172)or control/placebo group(n=86).The treatment group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs combined with Chinese herbs granules(1+3 granules),while the control group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs combined with Chinese herbs placebo(1+3 placebo granules).In addition,MDR-PTB(n=312)patients with Yin deficiency lung heat syndrome will be randomly assigned to a treatment(n=208)or control/placebo(n=104)group.The treatment group will receive the chemotherapeutic regimen combined with Chinese herbs granules(2+4 granules),while the control group will receive the chemotherapeutic drugs and Chinese herbs placebo(2+4 placebo granules).The primary outcome is cure rate,the secondary outcomes included time to sputum culture conversion,lesion absorption rate and cavity closure rate.BACTEC^(TM)MGIT^(TM)automated mycobacterial detection system will be used to evaluate theM.tb infection and drug resistance.Chi-square test and Cox regression will be conducted with SAS 9.4 Statistical software to analyze the data.Discussion:The treatment cycle for MDR-PTB using standardized modern medicine could cause lengthy substantial side effects.Chinese herbs have been used for many years to treat MDR-PTB,but are without high-quality evidence.Hence,it is unknown whether Chinese herbs enhances the clinical therapeutic effect of synthetic drugs for treating MDR-PTB.Therefore,this study will be conducted to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of combining Chinese herbs and chemotherapeutic drugs to treat MDR-PTB cases.It will assist in screening new therapeutic drugs and establishing treatment plan that aims to improve the clinical therapeutic effect for MDR-PTB patients.Trial registration This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov(ChiCTR1900027720)on 24 November 2019(prospective registered).

健康教育在学校结核病防控中的价值研讨

目的研究学校结核病防控中应用健康教育的效果。方法于2021年1月—2022年12月时间段对某高中学校进行调查,选择该校三年级400名进行研究,其中1~5班采用常规校园疾病防控管理(200名),6~10班采用健康教育疾病防控管理模式(200名),观察指标为健康知识水平、防控措施落实情况、新发结核病发生情况。结果6~10班学生结核病防控知识高于1~5班学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);6~10班学生防控措施落实情况高于1~5班学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);6~10班学生新发结核病发生为0,低于1~5班学生3例(1.50%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6~10班学生结核病主动汇报15例(7.50%),高于1~5班学生4例(2.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学校结核病防治过程中采用健康教育模式可以提升学生的健康知识水平,强化结核病防治措施落实效果,有效预防新发结核病发生,并提高其主动汇报率,改善学生预后效果。

2014-2020年广东省不同年龄段结核病患者耐药特征及应对防治策略

目的 探究2014-2020年广东省期间各年龄段结核病患者的耐药特征与应对防治策略。方法 以2014-2020年广东省32个结核病耐药监测点中,确诊结核病患者的39 048株结核分枝杆菌(mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB)临床分离株为研究对象,回顾性分析耐药结核病患者及实验室相关资料,并以年龄、地区进行分组,探讨MTB临床分离株对药物的耐药性趋势、耐药结核病(包括单耐药结核病(monodrug-resistant tuberculosis, MR-TB)、多耐药结核病(poly-resistant tuberculosis, PDR-TB)、耐多药结核病(multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, MDR-TB)和广泛耐药结核病(extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, XDRTB)的发病率差异,以及MTB临床分离株对重点药物(利福平和氧氟沙星)的耐药情况。结果 2014-2020年广东省32个结核病耐药监测点患者MTB临床分离株对9种抗结核药物在不同年度间、不同年龄段间的耐药率差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。MTB临床分离株的单耐药率、多耐药率、耐多药率、广泛耐药率和总耐药率分别为14.46%、5.16%、4.58%、1.29%。儿童组患者MTB临床分离株单耐药率(15.4%)高于青壮年组及老年组;青壮年组(5.0%)和老年组(5.0%)患者MTB临床分离株耐多药率高于儿童组患者;老年组患者MTB临床分离株广泛耐药率(2.1%)高于儿童组及青壮年组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。来自珠三角地区的患者MTB临床分离株的单耐药率(14.8%)、多耐药率(5.3%)、耐多药率(4.7%)、广泛耐药率(1.4%)、耐氧氟沙星率(11.33%)和耐利福平率(6.92%)明显高于非珠三角地区,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。结论 根据监测点数据,2014-2020年间,广东省耐药结核病的流行趋势平缓。但在特定人群(如儿童和老年人)中,耐药结核病的发病率较高,且珠三角地区的耐药结核病发病率和重点药物耐药率均高于广东省其他地区,值得进一步关注和采取防控策略。

2005—2022年上海市青浦区肺结核时空特征分析

目的:通过分析上海市青浦区2005—2022年的肺结核疫情,旨在发现区域内肺结核发病的空间聚集性及时空特征,为相关部门制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法:从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中筛选2005年1月1日—2022年12月31日上海市青浦区肺结核登记报告资料,进行空间全局自相关分析、空间局部自相关分析和时空扫描分析。结果:2005—2022年上海市青浦区男性肺结核患者数量多于女性患者,20~39岁年龄段肺结核患者数量最多。从时间上看,2013—2015年青浦区各街(镇)的发病率普遍上升,大部分街(镇)在此期间达到历年发病峰值,2015年之后各街(镇)的发病率呈逐步下降趋势。从空间上看,青浦区东部和西部地区整体发病率高于中心地区。2011年、2013年、2016年、2017年、2020年青浦区肺结核发病在空间上存在显著正相关性,呈现明显的空间集聚趋势,2010年青浦区肺结核发病的空间分布呈现负相关性。2005—2022年青浦区各街(镇)肺结核患者年均登记率的空间分布不均衡。2015—2022年青浦区肺结核患者呈现出明显的时空聚集特征。结论:2005—2022年青浦区肺结核病例男性显著多于女性,肺结核患者主要集中在20~39岁年龄段人群,且呈现时空聚集性,高发病率区域主要集中在青浦区西南部地区。相关部门应针对高发病区域和高风险人群加强筛查,制定分类分时的防控措施,从而有效防控肺结核疫情。

天津市某非定点综合三甲医院结核病防控工作实践与探讨

结核病是结核分枝杆菌感染引发的慢性呼吸道传染病,是重大公共卫生问题和社会问题,早发现、早防控、早治疗可以有效控制结核病的传播。该文总结了天津市某非定点综合三甲医院对结核病采取的防控措施,包括健全各项制度和管理规范、信息化建设、限制使用抗结核药、健康教育、监测高危人群、医防合作等,分析防控结果,以期探索结核病最佳防控模式、策略,从而有效控制结核病传播。

猴结核病的流行与防控

非人灵长类(non-human primates,NHPs)是结核病的易感宿主,感染后,结核不仅会在种群中相互传播,也会传播给人类。目前尚无有效的疫苗预防NHPs结核。虽然目前的防控方案已经较为成熟,减少了圈养NHPs结核病的发病率,但疫情仍有发生。本文总结了世界范围圈养和野生环境下猴结核病的流行病学状况,对当前常用检测方法的优缺点进行分析,并总结当前NHPs的防控检测最常见做法。表明结核病对NHPs构成极大威胁,以提高NHPs饲养工作者、管理者对结核病的认知,为完善当前管理程序提供依据,以期为我国猴结核病的诊断防控提供参考。

进贤县2021—2023年肺结核流行病学特征及其防控措施探讨

目的分析进贤县2021—2023年肺结核流行病学特征,并探讨其防控措施。方法收集整理2021年1月至2023年12月期间进贤县报告记录的肺结核患者734例为研究对象,基于描述性流行病学方法,统计分析进贤县2021—2023年肺结核流行病学发展状况,就不同发病年份、月份、性别、年龄、职业特征等开展研究,提出针对性预防控制对策,帮助易感人群防控感染,降低肺结核发病率。结果2021—2023年进贤县共报告肺结核患者734例,2021—2023年进贤县肺结核年平均发病率逐年降低,其中2021年肺结核发病人数最多,2022年次之,2023年肺结核发病人数最少,在报告的进贤县肺结核患者734例中,男性患者为433例,女性患者为301例,男女比例为1.44∶1,男性肺结核发病率远远高于女性肺结核发病率(P<0.05);从肺结核患者年龄方面分析,患者发病年龄段广泛,多集中于15岁以上,其中0~14岁年龄组发病率为2.45%,15~64岁年龄组发病率最高,为65.53%,>65岁年龄组发病率为32.02%;发病时间分布方面分析,肺结核在1~12月各月份均有发病情况,其中肺结核发病率最高的3个月份分别是3月份11.85%、9月份10.35%和5月份9.26%,1月份肺结核发病率最低为5.31%;发病职业特征方面分析,734例肺结核患者中,农民、工人、学生发病率分别为42.78%、16.76%、10.35%,其他职业由高到低依次为家政服务人员、民工、医务人员、教师、商业服务人员、待业、离退休人员以及其他。结论进贤县2021—2023年肺结核流行病学特征呈现出显著的发病时间、年龄、性别、职业等差异,发病整体趋势逐年降低,针对肺结核流行病学特征制定切实可行防控措施,能在肺结核疾病防控中发挥积极作用,提高公共卫生安全。

现代结核病控制策略在结核病防治工作中的效果研究

目的探究现代结核病控制策略及结核病防治工作效果。方法选择本院于2020年3月至2022年3月所接收的80例结核病患者作为此次调查样本,将其分成对照组与观察组,每组40例。其中对照组患者通过常规策略进行控制,观察组患者采取现代结核病控制策略方式进行干预。比较两组结核病患者的控制效果、控制满意度、遵医率、生活质量评分。结果观察组患者控制效果高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者控制满意度高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者遵医率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者生活质量评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论通过现代结核病控制策略实施干预,可以为患者带来更好的控制效果,提升患者满意度,获得更为显著的结核病控制效果,促进患者生活质量获得提升,预后更为良好。

肺结核预防控制策略对患者服药依从性的影响

目的探讨肺结核预防控制策略的应用效果及对患者服药依从性的影响。方法选择2020年1月—2023年1月德州市第二人民医院收治的184例肺结核患者。按随机数字表法分为2组。对照组(n=92)给予常规干预,观察组(n=92)在此基础上给予肺结核的预防控制策略。比较2组疾病控制效果、疾病认知度、服药依从性及并发症。结果干预后,观察组疾病总控制率为93.48%,高于对照组的72.83%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组主要症状评分为(18.13±0.54)分、诱发因素评分为(17.24±1.25)分、危害评分为(17.93±1.02)分、对症治疗评分为(18.06±0.87)分、预防控制评分为(17.88±1.03)分及总分为(90.16±4.32)分,均高于对照组的(12.61±0.47)分、(12.24±1.36)分、(12.73±1.63)分、(12.51±0.54)分、(12.37±1.61)分、(74.21±3.43)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后服药依从性评分为(6.93±0.85)分,高于对照组的(6.35±0.81)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率为5.43%(5/92),低于对照组的17.39%(16/92),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺结核预防控制策略可有效提升肺结核疾病控制效果,并提高患者疾病认知度及服药依从性,降低并发症发生率。

2015-2021年新疆和田地区新冠疫情前后肺结核发病趋势分析

目的分析新疆和田地区肺结核发病特征及疫情前后发病趋势,为和田地区肺结核防控措施制定和效果评价提供参考依据。方法收集2015-2021年和田地区肺结核报告发病数据,建立连接点回归模型(JPR)和中断时间序列模型(ITS),分别探索肺结核的发病特征及新疆新冠肺炎疫情防控措施对和田地区肺结核发病趋势的影响,并分析不同性别和年龄亚组发病差异。结果JPR模型结果显示,2015-2021年和田地区肺结核报告发病率总体呈先升后降趋势,转折点出现在2018年12月;男性发病率略高于女性,转折点和发病趋势与总体一致;各年龄亚组≥60岁组发病率最高,发病趋势也呈先上升后下降趋势,≤18岁年龄组发病率在2021年6月出现转折点,但趋势无统计学意义(P>0.05),19~59岁组与≥60岁组转折点与总体一致;ITS模型结果显示,自2020年1月起和田地区肺结核发病率明显下降,从2019年的319.28/10万下降到2021年的155.88/10万,同比下降51.16%,月均下降0.049/10万。结论2018年新疆将结核病筛查工作纳入全民健康体检,大量结核病例被发现,和田地区肺结核的报告发病数在2018年12月达到峰值,随后开始下降,而2020年1月起在新疆新冠疫情隔离措施的影响下,报告发病率呈现明显下降。随着疫情结束应关注可能涌现的潜伏结核患者,做好防疫工作。

健康教育干预在结核及乙肝传染病预防控制中的应用价值及对心理状态影响分析

目的 综合分析健康教育干预在结核及乙肝传染病预防控制中的应用价值及对患者心理状态的影响。方法 随机选取 2020 年 11 月—2023 年 12 月山东省荣成市第三人民医院收治的 60 例结核及乙肝传染病患者为研究对象,按照不同护理方法分为两组:对照组(30 例,应用常规护理方法)、观察组(30 例,在对照组基础上应用健康教育干预方法)。对比两组患者的疾病知识掌握度、依从性、护理满意率、护理前后心理状态与生活质量。结果 观察组疾病知识掌握度 96.67%(29/30)高于对照组的 73.33%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.706,P=0.030)。与对照组相比,观察组依从性、护理满意率均更高,差异有统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。护理前,两组患者的心理状态评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。护理后,两组患者的焦虑情绪评分、抑郁情绪评分均低于护理前;与对照组相比,观察组焦虑情绪评分、抑郁情绪评分均更低,差异有统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。护理后,两组患者的生活质量评分高于护理前;与对照组相比,观察组生活质量评分高低,差异有统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。结论 健康教育干预在结核及乙肝传染病预防控制中的应用效果较好,可积极改善患者的心理状态和生活质量。

结核病综合防治中信息化建设的研究进展

信息化建设在医疗卫生领域得到普遍推广,但“信息孤岛”问题严重,分析是因为信息系统在不同业务线之间独立运行。在这种情况下,重复采集资料,既浪费资源,又限制了深入分析资料的可能性,因为采集规范不一致,造成资料整合利用困难,导致数据在不同信息系统间的交换受到很大限制,从而也使得结核病信息共享受到影响。因此,本文对结核病综合防治中信息化建设的研究进展进行综述,以期为我国结核病综合防治工作提供支持。