Effect of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Two Industrial Potato Varieties (Asterix and Courage) in Bangladesh

Potato is one of the most important vegetable crops, which contributes more than half of the total vegetable production in Bangladesh. Four field experiments were conducted in two different locations in Bangladesh to develop integrated nutrient management practices to produce quality potato seed in industrial processing varieties Asterix and Courage. For the inorganic trial, Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) including 2 potato varieties, 5 treatments with 4 replications, and in the organic fertilizer trial, Factorial RCBD including 2 potato varieties, 6 treatments with 4 replications were used. In the inorganic fertilizer trail, the highest yield was obtained in the variety Asterix due to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur (NPKS) plus Magnesium treated plot in Domar BADC farm and due to NPKS plus Boron, Zinc, and Magnesium treated plots in Kashimpur Farm. In the case of variety Courage, the highest yield was found in the treatment of NPKS plus Zinc in Domar BADC farm while in Kashimpur farm, NPKS plus Mg treated plots had the highest yield of potato variety-Courage. In the organic fertilizer trail, the highest tuber yield per hill was obtained by applying the government-approved commercial brand Northern organic fertilizer in variety Asterix and by organic fertilizer brand Chook Chook in variety Courage. Parameters such as days to tuber initiation, number of stems per hill, plant height, and number of tubers per hill were found statistically different among the treatments and between the two varieties. Treatments namely Northern organic fertilizer and Cowdung combined with mustard oil cake performed better considering standard grade tuber yield (grade A and B) compared to other treatments. Hence, the combination of NPKS MgZn and either Northern organic or Chook Chook or Cowdung plus mustard oil cake could be used to grow the varieties Asterix and Courage.

Tuberous sclerosis complex combined with primary lymphedema:A case report

BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)and primary lymphedema(PLE)are both rare diseases,and it is even rarer for both to occur in the same patient.In this work,we have provided a detailed description of a patient's clinical presentation,imaging findings,and treatment.And a retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 published relevant case reports.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old male came to our hospital for treatment due to right lower limb swelling.This swelling is already present from birth.The patient’s memory had been progressively declining.Seizures had occurred 1 year prior at an unknown frequency.The patient was diagnosed with TSC combined with PLE through multimodal imaging examination:Computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and lymphoscintigraphy.The patient underwent liposuction.The swelling of the patient's right lower limb significantly improved after surgery.Epilepsy did not occur.after taking antiepileptic drugs and sirolimus.CONCLUSION TSC with PLE is a rare and systemic disease.Imaging can detect lesions of this disease,which are important for diagnosis and treatment.

Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Penne-Type Pasta Based on Cereals (Oryza sativa (L.), Digitaria exilis, Pennicetum glaucum), Tubers (Ipomoea batata, Manihot esculenta Crantz), and a Legume (Vigna unguiculata (L.))

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and sensory characteristics of penne-type pasta produced from locally sourced cereals, tubers, and legumes. To achieve this, we formulated four different types of pasta with varying levels of incorporation ranging from 10 to 50% cereals such as millet, fonio, and rice, tubers such as manioc and sweet potato, and legumes such as cowpea. The results showed that the incorporation of local products considerably improved the nutrient content of penne without being rejected by consumers. Sensory analysis showed that the best results were obtained with mixtures of sweet potato, cowpea, and wheat, as well as with rice, manioc, cowpea, and sample wheat. These results are of great importance to manufacturers in a world where developing nutritious and attractive food products is a crucial challenge.

Production of Yam Tubers Using Seed Tubers from Vitroplants Regenerated from Aerial Stems in the Yam Species Dioscorea alata (L.) and Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata (L. & P.) in Côte d’Ivoire

The aim of this study is to produce large quantities of yam tubers in the field from seed tubers derived from vitroplants regenerated from aerial stem cuttings and farmers’ tuber seeds. Seed tubers from ten yam cultivars, including five from Dioscorea alata (cDa083, cDa053, cDa115, cDa150 and cDa266) and five from Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata (cDr015, cDr027, cDr150, cDr206 and cDr148) with distinct agro-morphological characteristics, were used as material. A completely randomized block design with 3 replications was used. In each block, all cultivars and seed types were represented. When put into cultivation, the tubers produced by the vitroplants all germinated and gave 100% healthy plants, compared with 86% to 100% healthy plants for the seed tubers produced by the farmers. Yields per hectare ranged from 10 to 25 tonnes for seed tubers produced by in vitro plants, and from 4 to 9 tons for seed tubers produced by farmers. Seed tubers from vitroplants can therefore be recommended to farmers as a solution to the problem of seed tuber unavailability.

Extent and Structure of Phenotypic Variability in Solenostemon rotundifolius Germplasm from Ghana and Burkina Faso

Solenostemon rotundifolius is a species belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is currently one of the minor plants of high socio-economic interest. One of the limitations to promoting this species in Burkina Faso is the lack of varieties that meet consumers’ demands. Implementing a breeding program is an important step toward achieving this goal. Such a program is based on the variability of agronomical traits of interest within evaluated germplasm. This study aimed to assess the level of two germplasms variability of S. rotundifolius from Ghana and Burkina Faso for traits related to vegetative development, cycle, and yield. Agromorphological characterization of 174 accessions, including 116 from Ghana and 58 from Burkina Faso was carried out in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The characterization was made on the basis of fifteen (15) quantitative traits related to the canopy and leaf size, the cycle, and the yield. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between accessions within each germplasm for all the evaluated traits. The analysis of the structuration of this agromorphological variability allowed organizing the accessions into different groups. These results could lead to the identification of accessions within each germplasm for breeding purposes or future research on genotype-environment interactions.

Microbiological Quality of Cyperus esculentus L. Products Sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF ISO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and ISO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 106 UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 107 UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 105 UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 106 UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 105 UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 105 UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 105 UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 104 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 106 CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 104 CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 105 CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 104 CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 105 CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 103 CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 105 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.

Effects of diet shift on the gut microbiota of the critically endangered Siberian Crane

Wetlands worldwide have suffered from serious degradation and transformation,leading to waterbirds increasingly dependent on agricultural fields for feeding.Although gut microbiota is an essential component of host health,the impacts of agricultural feeding on gut microbial community and pathogen transmission remain poorly understood.To fill this knowledge gap,we used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the fecal bacterial community of the Siberian Crane(Grus leucogeranus),a Critically Endangered species,that recently has shifted its foraging from largely Vallisneria tubers in Poyang Lake natural wetlands to crops(i.e.,rice seeds and lotus rhizomes) in agricultural fields.We compared the bacterial communities between tuber foraging cranes and crop foraging cranes.Our results indicate that diet shift greatly modified the gut microbiota diversity,composition and function.Crop foraging cranes had higher microbiota diversity than tuber foraging cranes.The alteration in microbiota composition and function were correlated with change in food nutrition.Tuber(i.e.,high in fiber)foraging cranes were enriched in Clostridiaceae with fiber digestion ability,and crop(i.e.,high in carbohydrate)foraging cranes were enriched in bacterial taxa and functions related to carbohydrate metabolism.The flexibility of gut microbiota might enhance Siberian Cranes’ ability to adapt to novel diet and environment.However,many enriched families in crop foraging cranes were pathogenic bacteria,which might increase the susceptibility of cranes to pathogenic infection.Special caution should be taken to agricultural feeding waterbirds in Asia,where the widespread poultry-keeping in over-harvested rice fields might increase the transmission probability of pathogenetic bacteria among wild birds,domestic poultry and humans.

StOFP20 regulates tuber shape and interacts with TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif proteins in potato

The OVATE family proteins(OFPs) are plant-specific proteins that modulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development. In tomato, OFP20 has been shown to interact with TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif(TRM) proteins to regulate fruit shape. In this study, we demonstrated that the mutation of StOFP20 caused a shift from round to oval shaped tubers in a diploid accession C151, supporting the role of StOFP20 in controlling tuber shape. Its expression reached a maximum in the tuber initiation stage and then decreased as the tuber develops. To help elucidate the mechanism of tuber shape regulation by StOFP20, 27 TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif(TRM) proteins were identified and 23 of them were successfully amplified in C151. A yeast two-hybrid assay identified three TRM proteins that interacted with StOFP20, which was confirmed by firefly luciferase complementation in tobacco leaves. The OVATE domain was indispensable for the interactions, while the necessity of the M10 motif in TRM proteins varied among the interactions between StOFP20 and the three TRMs. In summary, both StOFP20 and SlOFP20 directed interactions with TRM proteins, but the corresponding interactants were not completely consistent, implying that they exert regulatory roles through mechanisms that are only partially overlapping.

鞭檐犁头尖抗癌活性及其潜在机制临床前研究的系统综述

目的:评价一种中药植物鞭檐犁头尖(T.flagelliforme)作为抗癌药物的临床前研究的系统综述。方法:对Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、LILACS、EBSCO Medline、Mendeley等7个数据库进行全面检索,检索时间截止到2023年9月8日。排除了临床试验和非原创的同行评议报告后,鞭檐犁头尖的提取物,组成,或分离化合物的体内外研究且经过同行评审的英文文献均被纳入。本研究定性评估了鞭檐犁头尖对不同肿瘤细胞、肿瘤大小和作用机制的有效性。证据质量由三名独立评估人员使用ToxRTool进行评估,并验证其一致性。结果:检索后共纳入27项研究:22项体外研究,4项体内研究,1项体内外研究。结果发现鞭檐犁头尖对白血病、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌有效。大多数研究的评估为“有限制的可靠”。鞭檐犁头尖通过阻断细胞周期、活化caspase-3/-9、分解PARP、裂解DNA、减少生存素含量、降低ROS表达、抑制COX-2和HSP70表达和抑制NF-kB通路等来诱导细胞凋亡。当与干扰素联合使用时,其能阻碍血管生成。结论:尽管鞭檐犁头尖具有良好的抗癌活性,但其作为单独抗癌药物的疗效尚不确定。它似乎更适合用于癌症的补充或联合治疗。研究设计不理想,报告不完整,以及在多篇文章中没有纳入适当的阳性对照和统计分析可能是本研究缺乏结论性证据的原因。

儿童神经皮肤综合征的颅脑CT及磁共振成像表现和诊断

神经皮肤综合征（neurocutaneous syndrome）是一组先天性疾病,既有皮肤又有神经系统畸形,又称斑痣性错构瘤病（phakomatoses）,系源于外胚层组织和器官发育异常的常染色体显性遗传性疾病。常见的有神经纤维瘤病（neurofi bromatosis,NF）、结节性硬化（tuberous sclerosis）和脑三叉神经血管瘤病（Sturge-Weber syndrome）。

结节性硬化合并室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤2例

结节性硬化（tuberous sclerosis complex,TSC）是累及全身多器官的常染色显性遗传病,可伴发颅内肿瘤,室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤（subepedymal giant cell astrocytoma,SEGA）为其特征性病变之一,临床表现复杂多变,早期误诊率高[1]。本文收集2例病例,复习文献,结合其家系调查,探讨其临床和影像学特点。1病历摘要例1男,21岁。因＂反复肢体抽搐10年＂入院。患者平常反应较慢,但日常生活自理。询问病史,

结节性硬化症的肾脏表现及处理

结节性硬化症（tuberous sclerosis complex,TSC）是一种常染色体显性遗传病,其突变基因为9号染色体上的TSC1基因或16号染色体上的TSC2基因,其中TSC1基因编码错构瘤蛋白（Hamartin）,而TSC2基因编码马铃薯球蛋白（Tuberin）。

紫外分光光度法鉴别天麻的真伪

天麻是兰科植物天麻(Castrodia elata BL)的块茎。伪品在我区常见的有菊科植物两种:1、大理菊(Eahlia pinnataCar)的块茎;2、羽裂蟹甲草(Cacaliaatangutica〈Franch〉Han—Mazz)的块茎。有茄科植物马铃薯(Solanum

家族遗传性结节硬化症合并肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤3例报告

系统性结节硬化症（tuberous sclerosis,TSC）又称为Bournerille病,是一种常染色体显性遗传性疾病,其发病率约为1/6 000~1/10 000,是一组侵犯皮肤、神经、心脏、肺脏和肾等多器官、多系统的综合征[1]。本文回顾性分析了我院收治的3例临床新发患者的临床资料,对TSC的流行病学、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗进行了总结。

Improving recognition of hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor:Case report and literature review

A 58-year-old man presented with the chief complaint of abdominal bloating and was incidentally found to have a liver tumor.As diagnostic imaging studies could not rule out malignancy,the patient underwent partial resection of segment 3 of the liver.The lesion pathologically showed eosinophilic proliferation,in addition to immunohistochemical positivity for human melanoma black 45 and Melan-A,thereby leading to the diagnosis of a hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor(PEComa).A PEComa arising from the liver is relatively rare.Moreover,the name ‘PEComa' has not yet been widely recognized,and the same disease entity has been called epithelioid angiomyolipoma(EAML),further diminishing the recognition of PEComa.In addition,PEComa imaging findings mimic those of malignant liver tumors,and clinically,this tumor tends to enlarge.Therefore,a PEComa is difficult to diagnose.We conducted a systematic review of PEComa and EAML cases and discuss the results,including findings useful for differentiating perivascular epithelioid cell tumors from malignant liver tumors.

白细胞介素-6与皮质发育障碍痫性放电相关性的研究现状

皮质发育障碍（malformations of cortical development,MCD）是一类神经发育不良疾病的总称,根据流行病学调查,局灶性皮质发育不良（focal cortical dysplasia,FCD）和结节性硬化（tuberous sclerosis complexes,TSC）是最常见的伴发药物难治性癫痫的两类MCDs,具有相同的病理学特征,也是研究MCD致痫机制常用的疾病模型[1]。皮质发育障碍是难治性癫痫的重要病因之一。

深层发酵培养虎奶菇多糖的培养基优化

[目的]优化深层发酵培养虎奶菇多糖的培养基。[方法]以不同的培养基深层发酵培养虎奶菇菌丝体和多糖,分离胞内和胞外多糖,在单因素试验和正交试验的基础上,考察碳源、氮源和金属离子对虎奶菇生长及虎奶菇多糖含量的影响。[结果]葡萄糖是最佳碳源,有利于细胞生长和胞内外多糖等代谢产物的积累,从而获得高的多糖产率;酵母膏是最适氮源,可以获得最高的菌丝体生物量和胞外多糖产量;金属离子对细胞生长有影响,在EDTA离子培养基里细胞生长及代谢产物累积效果最佳。在最优培养基培养条件下,总多糖含量为3.34 g/L,胞内多糖含量为1.92 g/L,胞外多糖含量为80.34 mg/g,多糖产率为8.13%,细胞干重为23.62 g/L。[结论]该方法优化了深层发酵培养虎奶菇多糖的培养基,为虎奶菇的种植栽培提供了科学依据。

Effect of processing on the alkaloids in Aconitum tubers by HPLC-TOF/MS

According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, only processed Aconitum tubers can be clinically applied, and the effect of processing is unclear. This research aimed to explore the effect of processing on cardiac efficacy of alkaloids in Aconitum tubers. First, the chemical ingredients in unprocessed and processed Aconitum tubers were identified and compared by using high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-TOF/MS) and multivariate pattern recognition methods. Then the representative alkaloids in Aconitum tubers, aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine, which belong to diester-diterpenoid alkaloids,monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids, and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids, respectively, were selected for further validation of attenuated mechanism. Subsequent pharmacological experiments with aconitine, benzoylaconine,and aconine in SD rats were used to validate the effect of processing on cardiac functions. After processing the Aconitum tubers, it was found that the contents of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids were reduced, and those of monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids were increased, suggesting that diesterditerpenoid alkaloids were transformed into monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids.Through further decocting the aconitine in boiling water, it was confirmed that the three alkaloids could be progressively transformed. Pharmacological experiments with aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine in SD rats showed that aconitine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg and aconine at a dose of 10 mg/kg enhanced the cardiac function, while benzoylaconine at a dose of 2 mg/kg weakened the cardiac function. The effect of processing is attributed to the transformation of the most toxic diester-diterpenoid alkaloids into less toxic monoesterditerpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids.

Root hemiparasitism in Malania oleifera(Olacaceae), a neglected aspect in research of the highly valued tree species

Malania oleifera(Olacaceae)is a valued tree species,mostly because its seeds have high precious fatty acid content(particularly nervonic acid).However,seedling mortality rates are often high and regeneration of this tree has been problematic,which greatly hinders its utilization at a large scale.Cultivation difficulties of some tree species in the family Olacaceae have been attributed to their root hemiparasitic habit.Prompted by field observations and the taxonomic proximity of M.oleifera to root hemiparasites in Olacaceae,we hypothesized that tuberous structures observed on the roots of M.oleifera are parasitic organs known as haustoria.To test this hypothesis,we collected root samples from M.oleifera plants of various ages and growth conditions,investigated the morphological and anatomical features of tuberous structures and their connections to neighboring roots.Our analyses confirmed that M.oleifera are root hemiparasites.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first empirical report on root hemiparasitism in M.oleifera.Because life strategies of root hemiparasitic plants differ greatly from autotrophic plants,the root hemiparasitic habit needs to be taken into account for successful seedling regeneration of M.oleifera.This study establishes the foundation for investigations into a long-neglected but essential aspect in research of these highly valued tree species.

Comprehensive characterization of yam tuber nutrition and medicinal quality of Dioscorea opposita and D.alata from different geographic groups in China

China is an important domestication center of yams,and two main yam species of Dioscorea opposita and D.alata are commonly cultivated in China.However,the differences of nutritional and medicinal characteristics between the two species and their subgroups remain unclear,which would greatly affect the resource conservation and commercial utilization of yams.In this study,typical yam resources including the species of D.opposita(wild and cultivated Ruichang yam from southern China,and Tiegun yam from northern China)and two landraces of D.alata(Longyan yam and Anyuan yam from southern China)were selected as materials.Nutritional traits and medicinal characteristics were determined and analyzed respectively.The results showed that there was no significant differences in the content of most nutrients between D.opposita and D.alata,but most cultivated Ruichang yam of D.opposita showed higher levels of starch,soluble sugar,sucrose,and ascorbate in tuber than that in yam from D.alata.Moreover,an UPLC-MS method was developed for identification and determination of medicinal characteristics in the two species.The results showed that allantoin can be detected in all selected samples.Cultivated Ruichang yam of D.opposita possessed the highest allantoin content among the tested materials,and was significantly different with that in Tiegun yam and D.alata.Dioscin was not detected in D.alata.Overall,there was little difference in nutritional composition between D.opposita and D.alata,but the medicinal quality of D.opposita was better than that of D.alata.Due to the outstanding comprehensive quality,the local variety of cultivated Ruichang yam can be further developed and utilized.