Seismic behavior of steel tubular bridge columns equipped with low-yield-point steel plates in the root replaceable pier

To enable rapid recovery of a steel bridge column after an earthquake,a novel tubular-section steel bridge column equipped with low-yield-point(LYP)steel tubular plates in the root replaceable pier is proposed.For the purpose of discussing the seismic behavior of the novel steel bridge column,quasi-static tests and finite element simulation analyses of the specimens were carried out.The effects of parameters such as the axial compression ratio,eccentricity,and thickness and material strength of the tubular plate in the energy-dissipating zone are discussed.Experimental results from seven specimens that were subjected to four failure modes are presented.The damage to the quasi-static specimens is localized to the replaceable energy-dissipating pier.The seismic behavior of the novel steel bridge columns is significantly influenced by the axial compression ratio and eccentricity of specimens.Numerical results show that the high stress area of the specimens is mainly concentrated in the connection zone between the LYP steel tubular plate and the bottom steel plate,which is consistent with the position of the quasi-static specimen when it was prone to fracture.Finally,a calculation formula is proposed to facilitate the capacity prediction of this new steel tubular bridge column under repeated loading.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Behavior of concrete and concrete-filled circular steel tubular stub columns at constant high temperatures

Based on reanalyzing test results of uniaxial compressive behavior of concrete at constant high temperatures in China, with the compressive cube strength of concrete from 20 to 80 MPa, unified formulas for uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, strain at peak uniaxial compression and mathematical expression for unaxial compressive stress-strain relations for the concrete at constant high temperatures were studied. Furthermore, the axial stress-axial strain relations between laterally confined concrete under axial compression and multiaxial stress-strain relations for steel at constant high temperatures were studied. Finally, based on continuum mechanics, the mechanics model for concentric cylinders of circular steel tube with concrete core of entire section loaded at constant high temperatures was established. Applying elasto-plastic analysis method, a FORTRAN program was developed, and the concrete-filled circular steel tubular (CFST) stub columns at constant high temperatures were analyzed. The analysis results are in agreement with the experiment ones from references.

Flexural Capacity Formula of Diaphragm-Through Joints of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns

Finite element analysis and parametric studies were performed to investigate the flexural capacity of the panel zone of diaphragm-through joints between concretefilled square steel tubular columns and H-shaped steel beams.Through the comparisons of failure modes,load–displacement curves,and bearing capacity,it was found that the flexural capacity of the panel zone of diaphragmthrough joints was determined by the tensile action and influence of the web of H-shaped steel beams,and the axial load should be taken into account.The steel tube and the diaphragm were the major parts of the joint that resisted the bending moment.The contribution of in-filled concrete had little influence on the flexural capacity of the panel zone of the joint and could be neglected.According to the results of these numerical studies,a formula that considered the influence of the web of H-shaped steel beams and the axial load was developed based on the yield lines in the diaphragm and the steel tube.The results of the proposed formula were in good agreement with the numerical data of this investigation.

Numerical analysis of ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges

The calculation of ultimate bearing capacity is a significant issue in the design of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) arch bridges. Based on the space beam theory, this paper provides a calculation method for determining the ultimate strength of CFST structures. The accuracy of this method and the applicability of the stress-strain relationships were validated by comparing different existing confined concrete uniaxial constitutive relationships and experimental results. Comparison of these results indicated that this method using the confined concrete uniaxial stress-strain relationships can be used to calculate the ultimate strength and CFST behavior with satisfactory accuracy. The calculation results are stable and seldom affected by concrete con-stitutive relationships. The method is therefore valuable in the practice of engineering design. Finally, the ultimate strength of an arch bridge with span of 330 m was investigated by the proposed method and the nonlinear behavior was discussed.

Dynamic Response of RPC-Filled Steel Tubular Columns with High Load Carrying Capacity Under Axial Impact Loading

Experimental investigation into impact-resistant behavior of reactive powder concrete (RPC)-filled steel tubular columns was conducted,and dynamic response of the columns under axial impact loading was studied by means of numerical simulation method.Increase coefficient of load carrying capacity and ratio of load carrying capacity between steel tube and RPC core of col-umns were obtained.

Approach for analyzing the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges with stiffening girder

A convenient approach is proposed for analyzing the ultimate load carrying capacity of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with stiffening girders. A fiber model beam element is specially used to simulate the stiffening girder and CFST arch rib. The geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, influence of the construction process and the contribution of prestressing reinforcement are all taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method is validated by comparing its results with experimental results. Finally, the ultimate strength of an abnormal CFST arch bridge with stiffening girders is investigated and the effect of construction method is discussed. It is concluded that the construction process has little effect on the ultimate strength of the bridge.

Influence of Axial Load Ratio on Shear Behavior of Through-Diaphragm Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns

Nonlinear finite element analysis and parametric studies were carried out to study the influence of axial load ratio on the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns. The analysis reveals that smaller axial load ratio can improve the shear bearing capacity and ductility while larger axial load ratio will decrease the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections. The parametric studies indicate that the axial load ratio should be limited to less than 0.4 and its influence should be considered in the analysis and design of such connections.

Mechanism of hydrogen-induced intergranular cracking of tubular steels

Hydrogen could be enriched on grain boundaries by stress induction and other traps.The enriched hydrogen facilitated emission and movement of dislocations and lowered plastic work.Consequently,fracture occurred easily along grain boundary.A normalized threshold value of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) along grain boundary is given as (KIH/KIC)2=1-0.162×10-3 βHCc(H)GH/(2γs-γb-0.16×103∑β CiGi),where βH and βi are the enrichment factors of hydrogen and other elements on grain boundaries,respectively;Cc(H) is hydrogen concentration induced by stress;C,is the average concentration of an element in the steel;GH and Gi are factors of fracture work along grain boundary with hydrogen and other elements,and γs and γb are surface free energy and grain boundary energy of Fe.For tubular steel,the calculated KH/KIC is 0.23 while the determined value is 0.26.The theoretical threshold value is well consistent with the experimental one.

In-Plane Creep Buckling of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arches

The creep-induced deformation of the arch rib of concrete-filled steel tubular(CFST) arches under a sustained load can increase the bending moment, which may lead to earlier stability failure called creep buckling. To investigate the influences of concrete creep on the buckling strength of arches, a theoretical analysis for the creep buckling of CFST circular arches under distributed radial load is performed. The simplified Arutyunyan-Maslov(AM)creep law is used to model the creep behavior of concrete core, and the creep integral operator is introduced. The analytical solutions of the time-dependent buckling strength under the sustained load are achieved and compared with the existing formula based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method(AEMM). Then the solutions are used to determine the influences of the steel ratio and the first loading age on the creep buckling of CFST arches. The results show that the analytical solutions are of good accuracy and applicability. For CFST arches, the steel ratio and the first loading age have significant influences on creep buckling. An approximate log-linear relationship between the decreased degrees of the creep buckling strength and the first loading age is found. For the commonly used parameters, the maximum loss of the buckling strength induced by concrete creep is close to 40%.

Progressive Collapse Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Frames with Semi-rigid Connections

A 9-story concrete-filled steel tubular frame model is used to analyze the response of joints due to sudden column loss. Three different models are developed and compared to study the efficiency and feasibility of simulation, which include substructure model, beam element model and solid element model. The comparison results show that the substructure model has a satisfying capability, calculation efficiency and accuracy to predict the concerned joints as well as the overall framework. Based on the substructure model and a kind of semi-rigid connection for concretefilled square hollow section steel column proposed in this paper, the nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted by the alternate path method. It is found that the removal of the ground inner column brings high-level joint moments and comparatively low-level axial tension forces. The initial stiffness and transmitted ultimate moment of the semi-rigid connection are the main factors that influence the frame behavior, and their lower limit should be guaranteed to resist collapse. Reduced ultimate moment results in drastic displacement and axial force development, which may bring progressive collapse. The higher initial stiffness ensures that the structure has a stronger capacity to resist progressive collapse.

RPC外包方钢管混凝土柱轴压受力性能研究

为了研究活性粉末混凝土(Reactive powder concrete,RPC)外包方钢管混凝土柱的轴压受力性能,以RPC厚度和长细比为参数,对6根构件开展轴压试验研究,探讨该类组合柱的破坏模式、受力机理、套箍效应和承载力。试验结果表明:外层RPC可为内部方钢管混凝土柱提供较强的约束力,在受力后期套箍效应凸显。随着RPC厚度的增加,组合柱的承载力逐渐提高;随着组合柱长细比的增大,虽然其弹性刚度和承载力逐渐降低,但延性改善。采用ABAQUS软件建立RPC外包方钢管混凝土柱的有限元模型,分析RPC强度、RPC厚度、钢管强度等级、含钢率、内部混凝土强度和长细比等参数对组合柱承载力的影响规律,可得方钢管混凝土柱发挥系数的变化幅值为0.78~1.01。在试验研究、有限元参数分析和理论探讨的基础上,借鉴钢管混凝土结构技术规范,提出了RPC外包方钢管混凝土轴压短柱和长柱的承载力简化计算方法,公式计算值与已有数据样本吻合良好。

KT形钢管相贯节点受力性能试验研究

依托某户外剧场钢结构顶棚结构设计,首先对其管桁架关键KT形钢管相贯节点进行了足尺模型试验,测试分析了该节点相贯线、主管及支管应变分布规律。试验结果显示,在最大荷载作用下,相贯节点因支管相贯线附近部分屈服而不能继续承载,其余位置未屈服,表明支管相贯线附近位置是该相贯节点最薄弱位置。然后运用ANSYS有限元软件建立KT形钢管相贯节点有限元模型,将试验结果与有限元分析结果作对比,验证了有限元模型的准确性。最后通过有限元模拟探讨了增大支管厚度以及增设加劲肋对节点受力性能的影响。有限元分析结果显示,增大支管厚度对其受力性能影响较小;增设加劲肋可以有效降低支管相贯线附近位置的最大应力水平,能有效延缓支管屈服,明显提高管桁架节点的承载力。

内置碳钢不锈钢管海洋混凝土柱轴压试验及承载力计算

为研究不锈钢管海洋混凝土柱及内配碳钢后的轴压力学性能,以型钢类型、螺旋筋间距、纵筋直径为变化参数,完成了10个试件的轴心受压静力加载试验。观察了试件的受力破坏全过程及形态,获取了轴向荷载-位移曲线及各钢材应变曲线,基于试验实测数据,就各变化参数对试件的轴压承载力、延性、耗能能力和损伤发展的影响规律进行了分析。结果表明:不同试件的破坏形态相似,均表现为不锈钢管局部屈曲压皱,混凝土斜向剪切破坏;内置碳钢可以提高试件的极限承载力、轴压延性和耗能能力,抑制试件的损伤发展;在增加相同用钢量的条件下,增加圆钢管含钢量对试件轴压性能提升幅度最大;基于“复合约束叠加法”推导计算公式所得承载力计算值与试验值吻合良好。

大高宽比矩形钢管混凝土柱压弯性能研究

为了研究大高宽比矩形钢管混凝土柱的压弯性能,对大高宽比钢管混凝土短柱进行偏压试验并结合有限元模拟补充了4组试件进行对比,包括不同偏心率、高宽比、钢管壁厚度、截面尺寸情况下柱性能的对比分析。最后参考常用的4本国内外规范进行柱承载力计算,对比并判断现有规范是否适用。结果表明:试件破坏模式均为长边鼓曲,当荷载小于极限承载力的80%时,横截面高度上的应变分布服从平截面假定;随着偏心率增大,柱延性提升,在偏心率超过0.205后,柱延性开始下降;随着壁厚增加,柱延性提升,在壁厚达到8 mm后,柱延性开始下降;随着高宽比提升,柱延性降低;随着截面尺寸增大,在壁厚不变的情况下,柱延性降低,在壁厚等比例增大时,柱延性变化不大;随着高宽比、截面尺寸、钢管壁厚度的增大,柱承载力提升;随着偏心率升高,柱承载力降低;参考规范JGJ 138—2016对大高宽比钢管混凝土柱偏压承载力的计算更为准确。

钢管混凝土键连接框架梁和剪力墙的受剪性能

目的 研究钢管混凝土键连接框架梁和剪力墙的受剪性能,为工程应用提供设计依据。方法 应用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对比钢管混凝土键连接与现浇连接梁墙的结构受剪性能,分析前者受剪机理及不同因素对受剪性能的影响。结果 钢管混凝土键连接梁墙的结构承载力和延性系数较现浇结构分别提高约10%和34%;钢材强度从Q235到Q390,初始刚度增加8.44%;截面高度从100 mm到120 mm,延性系数提高17.73%;截面厚度每增加2 mm,承载力提高约15%;截面长度和混凝土强度等级对承载力、初始刚度和延性系数的影响均小于15%,纵向距离对其受剪性能几乎无影响。结论 采用钢管混凝土键连接梁墙的结构总体受剪性能优于现浇结构;钢材强度和截面厚度分别是影响初始刚度和承载力的主要因素。

格构式钢管输电塔架的体型系数和雷诺数效应

采用天平测力风洞试验获得亚临界范围钢管塔架的体型系数,研究塔架体型系数随密实度的变化特征,基于规范数据拟合体型系数从亚临界到超临界条件下的雷诺数折算系数,基于试验结果开展塔架体型系数与规范值的对比.试验结果表明,相同密实度下横担的体型系数大于塔身,其原因为横担杆件长细比以及杆件前后的等效间距比均较大;在亚临界条件下塔身体型系数试验值与JEC-TR-00007—2015、DL/T 5551—2018和GB 50009—2012规范值接近,而横担体型系数大于各国规范值;亚临界和超临界条件下各国规范的钢管塔架体型系数随着密实度ϕ的增加而降低,使用最小二乘法拟合获得雷诺数折算系数为0.63+0.72ϕ;在超临界条件下,塔身的体型系数与DL/T 5551—2018、GB 50009—2012规范结果接近,横担的体型系数与IEC 60826—2017和ASCE MOP 74—2020规范结果接近.

新型钢管混凝土梁柱节点力学性能试验研究

为研究内加强环式圆钢管混凝土柱与矩形钢管混凝土梁这种新型连接节点的力学性能,设计了缩尺钢管混凝土梁柱节点试件,开展了相同梁柱节点试件的静力加载试验和低周往复加载试验。通过研究该节点试件的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线以及拟静力加载试验的骨架曲线、核心区剪切变形等,分析了节点试件的承载能力、延性和耗能能力,全面考察了同一梁柱节点在静力加载和低周往复加载两种工况下的受力性能和破坏模式。结果表明:钢管混凝土梁柱节点试件核心区强度较强,破坏模式主要为梁端破坏,低周往复加载试验时试件梁柱连接处附近的梁端钢板发生拉裂破坏和钢板鼓曲,静力加载试验时试件梁端焊缝发生拉裂破坏;试件延性较好,加载过程中经历了弹性、弹塑性和塑性发展阶段。最后提出了该类钢管混凝土梁柱节点核心区的抗剪强度计算公式。

圆钢管超高性能混凝土短柱偏压力学性能研究

为研究钢管超高性能混凝土短柱的偏压性能,以荷载偏心率和钢管径厚比为变化参数,设计了12个圆钢管UHPC短柱试件并对其进行偏心受压加载试验,分析了该类构件的破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线、钢管应变和变形系数等,考察了主要因素对短柱偏压性能的影响规律。结果表明:试件的破坏特征为钢管屈服和核心混凝土压坏;荷载-挠度曲线有较明显的峰值点,偏心率越大和径厚比越小,曲线的下降段越平缓;达到60%峰值荷载时,钢管开始产生明显的约束作用,达到90%峰值荷载时,截面变形不再符合平截面假定;偏心率增大使试件的承载力和刚度下降,而径厚比减小可降低这种不利影响。在试验基础上,结合数值模拟对短柱的N-M曲线进行分析,建立了临界偏心率和套箍系数的关系表达式,并基于此提出短柱偏压承载力实用计算方法,理论与试验结果吻合较好。