Iatrogenic Tumor Implantation

Iatrogenic tumor implantation is a condition that results from various medical procedures used during diagnosis or treatment of a malignancy.It involves desquamation and dissemination of tumor cells that develop into a local recurrence or distant metastasis from the tumor under treatment.The main clinical feature of the condition is nodules at the operation's porous channel or incision,which is easily diagnosed in accordance with the case history.Final diagnosis can be made based on pathological examination.Tumor implantation may occur in various puncturing porous channels,including a laparoscopic port,abdominal wall incision,and perineal incision,etc.Besides a malignant tumor, implantation potential exists with diseases,such as a borderline tumor and endometriosis etc.Once a tumor implantation is diagnosed,or suspected,surgical resection is usually conducted. During the diagnosis and treatment of diseases,avoiding and reducing iatrogenic implantation and dissemination has been regarded as an important principle for surgical treatment of tumors.In a clinical practice setting,if possible,excisional biopsy should be employed,if a biopsy is needed.Repeated puncturing should be avoided during a paracentesis.In a laparoscopic procedure,the tissue is first put into a sample bag and then is taken out from the point of incision.After a laparoscopic procedure,the peritoneum,abdominal muscular fasciae,and skin should be carefully closed,and/or the punctured porous channel be excised.In addition,the sample/tissue should be rinsed with distilled water before surgical closure of the abdominal cavity, allowing the exfoliated tumor cells to swell and rupture in the hypo-osmolar solution.Then surgical closure can be conducted following a change of gloves and equipment.The extent of hysteromyomectomy should as far as possible be away from the uterine cavity.The purpose of this study is to make clinicians aware of the possibility of tumor implantation and to give special attention to avoid,or reduce iatrogenic implantation during a surgical procedure.

Preparation of Adriamycin Magnetic Albumin Microspheres and Their Experimental Antitumor Effects in vitro and in vivo

The adriamycin magnetic microspheres (ADM-MAMs) were prepared by the heat-stabilized protein methods. Their physico-chemical properties were examined; their cytotoxicities against tumor cells in vitro were assayed by a modi-fied MTT method, and their effects were observed on the implanted gastric tumor in Wistar rats given ADM-MAMs via alimentary canal at the presence of the ex-ternal magnetic fields. The results showed that the ADM-MAMs were successful-ly prepared and had cytotoxic effect on tumor cells in vitro similar to the free ADM (P>0. 05). The inhibitory effects of ADM-MAMs on the implanted gastric tumor in vivo were significantly increased as compared with the controls (P<0.01). Our results suggested that ADM-MAMs were a new type of adriamycin (ADM) preparation and its form alteration did not affect its anticancer effects.

Interleukin-8, a promising predictor for prognosis of pancreatic cancer

AIM: To investigate the value of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Expression of IL-8 and its receptor CXCR1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum IL-8 levels in pancreatic cancer patients. Human pancreatic cancer tissues were heterotopically transplanted to the immune-deficiency mice to evaluate the effect of serum IL-8 on the tumorigenesis of the cancer samples.RESULTS: IL-8 and CXCR1 proteins were both overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples (55.6% and 65.4%, respectively) compared with the matched para-cancer tissues (25.9% and 12.3%, P < 0.01), or chronic pancreatitis (0% and 25%, P < 0.05). Serum IL-8 levels in pancreatic cancer patients (271.1 ± 187.7 ng/mL) were higher than in other digestive system tumors, such as gastric cancer (41.77 ± 9.11 ng/mL, P = 0.025), colorectal carcinoma (78.72 ± 80.60 ng/mL, P = 0.032) and hepatocellular carcinoma (59.60 ± 19.80 ng/mL, P = 0.016). In vivo tumorigenesis analysis further proved that tumor tissues from patients with higher serum IL-8 levels grew faster than those with lower IL-8 levels. CONCLUSION: IL-8 can be a fine serum marker for predicting the prognosis pancreatic cancer.

The EffectofLocally Im planted Com plexes of Adriam ycin-Hydroxyapatite Com plexes on Tum or —— Study of A NewAlternative Treatm entfor Hepatic Cancer

A new targeting anticancer system was prepared by using hydroxyapatite particles (2 mm in diameter) as carrier material and adriamycin as anticancer agent. The adsorption and release properties of the complexes were assayed by fluorometry in vivo and in vitro and the curative effect on W 256 sarcoma of rat was observed. The results showed that one particle of hydroxyapatite could adsorb approximately 0.08 mg adriamycin and they can maintain a steady and slow release of adriamycin from hydroxyapatite for one month. When hydroxyapatite adriamycin complexes were implanted into the liver of rat, liver adriamycin concentration at the implanted region was obviously higher than that achieved by injection of adriamycin solution. The locally implanted complexes obviously inhibited the growth of subcutaneous implanted tumor of rat, and increased the survival rate of rat with implanted liver tumor.

EFFECTS AND MECHANISMS OF ENDOSTATIN ON THE GROWTH OF OVARIAN CANCER SKOV_3 CELLS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

Objective： To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Endostatin on ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and to investigate the possible mechanism of the inhibition. Methods： Using MTT, transmission electron microscope （TEM） and immunocytochemistry, the effects of Endostatin on the proliferation of SKOV3 cells were studied. Nude mice were subcutaneously implanted with SKOV3 cells. The cell apoptosis of implanted tumor was detected by TUNEL and TEM. The expressions of bcl-2 and bax in implanted tumor tissues were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results： Endostatin significantly inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cells in vitro （P〈0.01） and induced cell apoptosis, whereas the expressions of bcl-2 and bax were not changed obviously in SKOV3 cell treated with Endostatin. The mean tumor weight of Endostatin treated group was markedly lower than that of PBS control group （P〈0.05）. The expression of bcl-2 was down-regulated in Endostatin treated group, but bax was not influenced. Conclusions： The results demonstrated that Endostatin might have anti-tumor effect on ovarian carcinoma. One of the important mechanisms of Endostatin effect of anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities might involve regulating the bcl-2/bax expression and inducing apoptosis.