Plasma DNA methylation detection for early screening,diagnosis,and monitoring of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND The early diagnosis rate of esophageal cancer(EC),one of the most prevalent digestive tract cancers worldwide,remains low.AIM To investigate the utility of plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,EPO,and RNF180 methylation in the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of EC.Plasma samples were collected from 210 patients at Hubei Cancer Hospital,and TaqMan polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,RNF180,and EPO methylation.The area under the curve was used to estimate their diagnostic value for EC.Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the independent screening risk factors for patients with EC.RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of combined assessment of plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,RNF180,and EPO methylation for adenocarcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma(SCC),and EC detection were 66.67%and 86.27%,77.40%and 85.29%,and 76.19%and 86.27%,respectively;the area under the curve values for diagnosing adenocarcinoma,SCC,and EC were 0.737[95%confidence interval(CI):0.584–0.89],0.824(95%CI:0.775–0.891),and 0.864(95%CI:0.809–0.92),respectively.CONCLUSION According to our findings,plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,RNF180,and EPO methylation exhibits appreciated sensitivity for diagnosing EC.The precise measurement of plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,RNF180,and EPO methylation can improve EC diagnosis and therapy efficacy monitoring.

Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The survival rate after the onset of symptoms is generally less than one year for the late presentation of HCC, and reliable tools for early diagnosis are lacking. Therefore, novel biomarkers for the early detection of HCC are urgently required. Recent studies show that the abnormal release of proteins by tumor cells can elicit humoral immune responses to self-antigens called tumor-associated antigens(TAAs). The corresponding autoantibodies can be detected before the clinical diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, there is growing interest in using serum autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the advances in research on autoantibodies against TAAs as serum biomarker for detection of HCC, the mechanism of the production of TAAs, and the association of autoantibodies with patients' clinical characteristics.

Promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is a prevalent and fatal cancer in China and other Asian countries.Epigenetic silencing of key tumor suppressor genes(TSGs) is critical to ESCC initiation and progression.Recently,many novel TSGs silenced by promoter methylation have been identified in ESCC,and these genes further serve as potential tumor markers for high-risk group stratification,early detection,and prognosis prediction.This review summarizes recent discoveries on aberrant promoter methylation of TSGs in ESCC,providing better understanding of the role of disrupted epigenetic regulation in tumorigenesis and insight into diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for this malignancy.

Relationship between COX-2 and cell cycle-regulatory proteins in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cell cycle-regulatory proteins in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: One hundred and two surgically obtained specimens of ESCC were randomly collected. All specimens were obtained from patients who had not received chemoor radiotherapy prior to surgical resection.Twenty-eight specimens of normal squamous epithelium served as controls. The expression of COX-2, Ki-67, cyclin A and p27 was examined by immunohistochemistry. The Pearson test was used to analyze the relationship between groups. RESULTS: The protein level of COX-2, Ki-67 and cyclin A was significantly higher in ESCC than in normal squamous epithelium (74.7±61.2 vs 30.2 ± 43.4, 64.0 ± 51.6 vs 11.6 ± 2.3, 44.2 ± 32.2 vs 11.7 ± 5.0, respectively, all P<0.01). In contrast, the protein level of p27 was signifi cantly lower in ESCC than in normal squamous epithelium (182.0 ±69.0 vs 266.4±28.0, P<0.01). In ESCC, COX-2 expression was correlated with T stage, the score of T1-T2 stage was lower than that of T3-T4 stage (55.0±42.3 vs 83.0 ± 66.5, P<0.05), and Ki-67, cyclin A and p27 expressions were correlated with the tumor differentiation (43.8±31.7 vs 98.4± 84.8, 32.0 ± 19.0 vs 54.1 ±53.7,206.2±61.5 vs 123.5±68.3, respectively, all P<0.01). COX-2 expression was positively correlated to Ki-67, cyclin A and negatively correlated to p27 expression in ESCC (r=0.270, 0.233 and-0.311, respectively, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of COX-2 is correlated with tumor cell invasion and is closely related to the cell proliferation in patients with ESCC.

Clinical significance of serum expression of GROβ in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM:To determine the association between serum levels of growth-related gene product β(GROβ) and clinical parameters in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS:Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,serum GROβ levels were measured in ESCC patients(n = 72) and healthy volunteers(n = 83).The association between serum levels of GROβ and clinical parameters of ESCC was analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The serum GROβ levels were much higher in ESCC patients than in healthy controls(median:645 ng/L vs 269 ng/L,P < 0.05).Serum GROβ levels were correlated positively with tumor size,lymph node metastasis,and tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) staging,but not with gender or the histological grade of tumors in ESCC patients.The sensitivity and specificity of the assay for serum GROβ were 73.61% and 56.63%,respectively.CONCLUSION:GROβ may function as an oncogene product and contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis of ESCC.

Elevated serum levels of human relaxin-2 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To assess the prognostic value of serum human relaxin 2 (H2 RLN) level in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: From October 1998 to September 2009, 146 patients with histopathologically confirmed ESCC were enrolled in this study. One hundred patients underwent en bloc esophagectomy, and 46 patients with unresectable tumors underwent palliative surgery. Five of the 146 patients died of surgical complications. Serum levels of H2 RLN were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between serum H2 RLN level and each of the clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using the χ2 test. Patients were classified into two groups according to their H2 RLN level (< 0.462 ng/mL vs ≥ 0.462 ng/mL). When any analysis cell had fewer than five cases, the Fisher's exact test was used. The statistical difference between groups A and B in each clinicopathological category was determined by the Student's t test (two-tailed) or analysis of variance. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. The statistical difference in survival between the different groups was compared using the log-rank test. Survival correlation with the prognostic factors was further investigated by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model with backward stepwise likelihood ratio. RESULTS: ESCC patients tended to have significantly higher serum H2 RLN concentrations (0.48 ± 0.17 ng/ mL, n=141) compared with the healthy control group (0.342 ± 0.12 ng/mL, n=112). There was a significant difference between patients with lymph node involvement (0.74 ± 0.15 ng/mL, n=90), distant metastasis (0.90 ± 0.19 ng/mL, n=32) and those without lymph node involvement (0.45 ± 0.12 ng/mL, n=51), and distant metastasis (0.43 ± 0.14 ng/mL, n=109), respectively (P < 0.01). Patients with high H2 RLN levels (≥ 0.462 ng/mL) had a poorer prognosis than patients with low serum H2 RLN levels (< 0.462 ng/mL; P=0.0056). The H2 RLN level was also correlated with survival and tumor-node-metastasis staging, but not with age, tumor size, gender, lymphovascular invasion or the histological grade of tumors. Cox regression analysis showed that H2 RLN was an independent variable. CONCLUSION: Serum concentrations of H2 RLN are frequently elevated in ESCC patients and are correlated with disease metastasis and survival. Serum concentrations of H2 RLN may be an important prognostic marker in ESCC patients.

Expression of thymidylate synthase and glutathione-stransferase π in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM： To investigate the expression of thymidylate synthase （TS） and glutathione-s-transferase π （GST-π） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their association with the clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS： Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of TS and GST-π in surgically resected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） tissue sections from 102 patients （median age, 58 years） and in 28 normal esophageal mucosa （NEM） samples. The relationship between TS and GST-π expression and clinicopathologic factors was examined. RESULTS： The expression of TS and GST-π was not statistically significantly associated with age of the patients, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion or tumor stage. TS staining was positive in 17.86% of normal esophageal mucosa and in 42.16% of ESCC samples （P 〈 0.05）. The expression level of TS was not only significantly lower in well-differentiated （21.88%） than in poorly-differentiated carcinomas （51.43%, P 〈 0.05）, but was also significantly higher in samples from male patients （46.51%） than from female patients （18.75%, P 〈 0.05）. GST-π was positively stained in 78.57% of normal esophageal mucosa and in 53.92% of ESCC samples （P 〈 0.05）. The expression level of GST-π was also significantly higher in welldifferentiated carcinomas （65.63%） than in poorly- differentiated carcinomas （35.00%, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The expression of TS and of GST-π may be used as molecular markers for the characterization of ESCC. Poorly-differentiated cells showed increased expression of T5 and reduced expression of GST-π.

Clinical significance of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma

Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) can elicit contrasting effects on tumor progression,depending on different tumor microenvironment.This study aimed to explore the correlation between TAM infiltration and clinicopathologic characteristics,metastasis,and prognosis of supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma.TAMs in intratumoral and peritumoral regions of 84 specimens of supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal CD68 antibody.The density of peritumoral CD68+ TAMs in recurrence cases(9/11) and in dead cases(17/23) were significantly higher than those in non-recurrence cases(33/73) and in survival cases(25/61),with significant differences(P = 0.024 and 0.007,respectively).The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant relationship between the infiltration of both intratumoral and peritumoral CD68 + TAMs and the overall survival of patients.The 5year survival rate was significantly lower in the group with a high density of intratumoral CD68+ TAMs than in the group with a low density(39.6% vs.82.5%,P < 0.05).Similarly,the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in the group with a high density of peritumoral CD68+ TAMs than in the group with a low density(50.6% vs.73.1%,P < 0.05).Cox regression analysis revealed that T classification,distant metastasis,and intratumoral or peritumoral CD68 + TAMs were independent factors for disease-free survival,whereas T classification and intratumoral CD68 + TAMs were independent factors for overall survival.The results indicate that TAM infiltration in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma can be used to predict metastasis and prognosis and is an independent factor for prognosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma-specific immunotherapy with synthesized α1,3-galactosyl epitope-ulsed dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells

AIM： To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of a new immunotherapy using both α-Gal epitope-pulsed dendritic cells （DCs） and cytokine-induced killer cells. METHODS： Freshly collected hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） tumor tissues were incubated with a mixture of neuraminidase and recombinant αl,3-galactosyltrans- ferase （αI,3GT） to synthesize α-Gal epitopes on car- bohydrate chains of the glycoproteins of tumor mem- branes. The subsequent incubation of the processed membranes in the presence of human natural anti-Gal IgG resulted in the effective phagocytosis to the tumor membrane by DCs. Eighteen patients aged 38-78 years with stage 111 primary HCC were randomly chosen for the study; 9 patients served as controls, and 9 patients were enrolled in the study group.RESULTS： The evaluation demonstrated that the pro- cedure was safe; no serious side effects or autoimmune diseases were observed. The therapy significantly pro- longed the survival of treated patients as compared with the controls （17.1 ± 2.01 mo vs 10.1 ±4.5 mo, P = 0.00121）. After treatment, all patients in the study group had positive delayed hypersensitivity and robust systemic cytotoxicity in response to tumor lysate as measured by interferon-y-expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. They also displayed increased numbers of CD8-, CD45RO- and CD56-positive cells in the peripheral blood and decreased α-fetoprotein level in the se- rum. CONCLUSION： This new tumor-specific immunotherapy is safe, effective and has a great potential for the treat- ment of tumors.

Sensitive Detection of Multiple Tumor Markers for Early Tumor Diagnosis

Tumor markers have a wide clinical applications for early tumor screening and diagnosis.In the study,the combined detection of serum tumor markers(SCC-Ag,CYFRA21-1,CEA,CA125,NSE)was used to explore the correlation and diagnostic efficacy of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).First,60 cases of OSCC patients,60 cases of patients with non-OSCC malignant tumors,and 60 cases of patients with healthy physical condition were collected as the control group in the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2015 to January 2018.Each experimental subject were draw 2 mL of fasting peripheral blood,and the tumor markers of SCC-Ag,CYFRA21-1,CEA,CA125,and NSE concentration were detected in the blood respectively.The results showed that the levels of the 5 of serum tumor markers of OSCC patients were different with those of the non-OSCC malignant tumor group.Compared with the control group,there was a significant difference(P<0.05).And the results showed that the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,and positive predictive values of CEA,CA125,SCC-Ag,CYFRA21-1,and NSE were significantly improved after combined detection.Therefore,the combined detection of the 5 tumor markers can be used for the early diagnosis of OSCC.

信迪利单抗联合白蛋白结合型紫杉醇和铂类对Ⅲ B~Ⅳ期肺鳞状细胞癌的疗效及对肿瘤标志物的影响

目的 探究信迪利单抗联合紫杉醇(白蛋白结合型)、铂类化疗对ⅢB~Ⅳ期肺鳞状细胞癌(LSCC)的临床疗效及其对肿瘤标志物的影响。方法 回顾性分析2021年6月至2023年3月乐山市人民医院收治的87例ⅢB~Ⅳ期LSCC患者的临床资料,根据用药方案不同分为对照组(39例)和观察组(48例),对照组采用紫杉醇(白蛋白结合型)、铂类化疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合信迪利单抗治疗。对比两组患者治疗12周后的临床疗效、肿瘤标志物、不良反应及生存情况。结果 治疗12周后,观察组的客观缓解率和疾病控制率分别为41.67%和81.25%,高于对照组(20.51%和61.54%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.412,4.185,均P<0.05);观察组癌胚抗原、血清细胞角蛋白19片段21-1、鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原水平[分别为(5.78±1.51) ng·m L^(-1)、(4.34±1.21) ng·m L^(-1)、(16.78±3.45) ng·m L^(-1)]低于对照组[分别为(8.45±1.87) ng·m L^(-1)、(6.02±2.02) ng·m L^(-1)、(25.48±4.31) ng·m L^(-1)],差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组的中位无进展生存期(PFS)、中位总生存期(OS)分别为14.09个月和17.59个月,长于对照组(10.82个月和12.88个月),差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 信迪利单抗联合紫杉醇(白蛋白结合型)、铂类化疗对ⅢB~Ⅳ期LSCC的疗效较好,可以改善肿瘤标志物的表达,安全性可控。

帕博利珠单抗联合化疗治疗晚期不可切除食管鳞状细胞癌的效果

目的探究帕博利珠单抗联合化疗对晚期不可切除食管鳞状细胞癌患者的疗效。方法遴选2019年12月至2022年9月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的晚期食管鳞状细胞癌患者纳入研究,依据治疗方法的不同进行分组,将采用化疗方案(紫杉类+顺铂)治疗的患者纳入化疗组,将采用帕博利珠单抗联合化疗方案的患者纳入免疫联合组,经倾向性评分匹配排除年龄、性别混杂因素,经1:1匹配法两组各纳入34例。比较两组近期实体瘤疗效和生存情况,治疗前后肿瘤标志物[鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)、糖抗原242(CA242)和细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)]、血清可溶性程序性死亡蛋白1/可溶性程序性死亡蛋白配体1(sPD-1/sPD-L1)及人转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平变化,记录两组药品不良反应。结果免疫联合组疾病客观缓解率(67.65%)高于化疗组(41.18%)(P<0.05),两组疾病控制率(88.24%vs 85.29%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);免疫联合组总生存期(OS)(11.47±0.33)个月,无病生存期(DFS)(11.03±0.47)个月,1年生存率及无病生存率91.18%、76.47%,化疗组对应为(11.01±0.48)个月、(8.85±1.13)个月、85.29%、61.76%,两组OS比较差异无统计学意义(log rankχ^(2)=0.598,P>0.05),DFS比较差异有统计学意义(log rankχ^(2)=4.216,P<0.05);治疗4个周期后,免疫联合组血清SCCA、CA242和CYFRA21-1水平[分别为(3.14±0.61)ng·mL^(-1),(50.12±6.88)U·mL^(-1),(3.57±0.71)μg·L^(-1)]低于化疗组[分别为(3.81±0.74)ng·mL^(-1),(57.53±7.14)U·mL^(-1),(4.43±0.83)μg·L^(-1)](t=4.074、4.358、4.591,均P<0.05);治疗4个周期后,免疫联合组血清sPD-1/sPD-L1、TGF-β1水平[分别为(0.69±0.07)ng·mL^(-1),(33.47±6.47)ng·mL^(-1)]低于化疗组[分别为(0.75±0.05)ng·mL^(-1),(40.65±7.12)ng·mL^(-1)](t=4.067、4.067,均P<0.05);免疫联合组药品不良反应(胃肠道反应、过敏性皮疹、贫血和肝肾损伤)与化疗组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论帕博利珠单抗联合化疗治疗食管鳞状细胞癌可明显改善肿瘤标志物水平及血清免疫状态。

复方苦参注射液联合同步放化疗治疗宫颈鳞癌术后患者的临床研究

目的:探讨宫颈鳞癌患者经根治性子宫切除术后给予复方苦参注射液联合同步放化疗方案的治疗效果。方法:选取2018年12月~2023年10月期间某院收治的80例宫颈鳞癌患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。两组患者均进行根治性子宫切除术,术后对照组患者给予同步放化疗方案治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗基础上加用复方苦参注射液,两组均治疗42天。比较两组患者肿瘤标记物[鳞状上皮细胞癌相关抗原(SCC-Ag)]、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-2(IL-2)]、免疫指标[自然杀伤(NK)细胞]及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组患者血清SCC-Ag、TNF-α和IL-2水平均低于对照组,NK细胞水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,观察组患者胃肠道反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:复方苦参注射液联合同步放化疗治疗可抑制宫颈鳞癌术后患者肿瘤生长,降低SCC-Ag、炎症因子水平,提高NK细胞水平,且减少胃肠道不良反应的发生。

尼妥珠单抗联合放射治疗改善老年食管鳞癌患者预后的效果评价

目的 探讨尼妥珠单抗联合放射治疗改善老年食管鳞癌患者预后的效果。方法 非随机选取2018年1月—2021年6月滕州市中心人民医院收治的92例老年食管鳞癌患者为研究对象。按治疗方法分为两组,每组46例。对照组给予放射治疗,观察组则联合尼妥珠单抗治疗,比较两组疗效、免疫指标、肿瘤标志物、生存率及不良反应。结果 观察组肿瘤控制率为54.35%(25/46),高于对照组的30.43%(14/46),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.386,P<0.05)。观察组免疫指标水平、肿瘤标志物指标水平优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后1、2年生存率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 老年食管鳞癌患者应用尼妥珠单抗联合放射治疗可有助于改善免疫功能,下调肿瘤标志物指标表达水平,延长生存期,且不良反应少。

卡瑞利珠单抗联合安罗替尼对晚期食管鳞癌患者疗效及免疫功能的影响

目的分析晚期食管鳞癌患者采用卡瑞利珠单抗联合安罗替尼治疗的临床效果。方法将65例晚期食管鳞癌患者随机分为对照组(n=32)及观察组(n=33)。对照组采用替吉奥联合安罗替尼治疗,观察组采用卡瑞利珠单抗联合安罗替尼治疗,21 d为1个疗程,均连续治疗4个疗程。治疗结束后评估2组患者近期疗效、血清肿瘤标志物水平、免疫功能及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组疾病控制率(84.85%)显著高于对照组(59.38%)(P<0.05)。治疗后2组患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖抗原125(CA125)及鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC)表达下降;且观察组水平显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。治疗后2组患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平上升,CD8^(+)水平下降;且观察组水平变化与对照组相比更为显著(P<0.01)。2组患者高血压、转氨酶升高、食欲下降、乏力及毛细血管增生症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者粒细胞下降及血小板下降发生率低于对照组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论卡瑞利珠单抗联合安罗替尼可显著降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,改善患者免疫功能,提高临床疗效,且安全性较高,值得临床推广。

Overexpression of interleukin-17 in tumor-associated macrophages is correlated with the differentiation and angiogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Background Interleukin-l7 （IL-17）, which exerts strong pro-inflammatory effects, has emerged as an important mediator in inflammation-associated cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between IL-17 and tumor associated macrophages （TAMs）, and the correlation of the microvessel density in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma （LSCC）.Methods Histopathological observations and immunohistochemistry staining for IL-17, CD68, and CD34 were performed on 72 specimens （32 cases of LSCC, 20 cases of adjacent tissues of carcinoma as controls, and 20 cases of chronic hypertrophic laryngitis）. Double immunohistochemical staining was done to determine which cells expressed IL-17. Real-time quantitative PCR determined the mRNA expression of IL-17. ELISA was used to detect the expression of the serum level of IL-17 in the three groups.Results The inflammation response had increased in LSCC. Overexpression of IL-17 and CD68 protein were seen in LSCC （P 〈0.01）. The expression of IL-17 was different between well and poorly differentiated LSCC （P 〈0.01）. The IL-17 expressing cells were mainly located in macrophages （CD68＋/IL17＋） as demonstrated by double immunohistochemical staining. IL-17 expression significantly correlated with high microvessel density （CD34＋） in LSCC （P 〈0.05）. Relatively higher mRNA expression levels of IL-17 were seen in LSCC compared to the controls （P 〈0.05）. The serum expression of IL-17 was similar among the three groups （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion IL-17 was expressed by TAMs, and IL-17 may significantly correlate to the differentiation and angiogenesis in the development of LSCC.

三维适形调强放疗在局部晚期头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨三维适形调强放疗在局部晚期头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)中的应用效果.方法:选取2021年1月—2022年8月滨州市中心医院收治的HNSCC患者100例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例.对照组予以常规化疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用三维适形调强放疗.比较两组治疗效果及安全性.结果:观察组疾病控制率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.037);治疗后,两组细胞角质蛋白19片段抗原21-1、胸苷激酶1、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原水平均下降,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于治疗前,CD8^(+)低于治疗前,观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:三维适形调强放疗可提高局部晚期HNSCC患者治疗效果,降低肿瘤标志物水平,加快免疫功能恢复,且不会增加不良反应.

肿瘤相关成纤维细胞对口腔鳞状细胞癌生物学行为影响的研究进展

口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC)是全球第六大常见恶性肿瘤,其发生、发展与肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME)密切相关。肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAFs)作为TME中重要的组成成分,通过分泌多种生长因子、细胞因子、炎性因子、外泌体等参与上皮-间充质转化、重塑细胞外基质,激活多种生物学途径,对OSCC的发生、发展产生影响。本文对CAFs的来源、特点、异质性以及CAFs对OSCC的生物学行为的影响做一综述。

基于M2型巨噬细胞来源的Siglec15对食管鳞癌细胞恶性生物学行为影响的生物信息学分析及实验验证

目的:采用生物信息学方法分析M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(M2-TAMs)来源唾液酸结合免疫球蛋白样凝集素15(Siglec15)促进食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)恶性生物学行为的作用,并通过细胞实验对其进行验证。方法:应用肿瘤免疫评价资源(TIMER)数据库分析Siglec15在泛癌和癌旁正常组织中的表达差异及免疫浸润情况,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测M2-TAMs和ESCC EC109及KYSE150细胞中Siglec15 mRNA表达水平。在M2-TAMs与ESCC细胞非接触性共培养基础上,分别设置EC109/KYSE150组、EC109/KYSE150+si-NC组(转染si-NC序列)和EC109/KYSE150+si-Siglec15组(分别转染si-Siglec15#1和si-Siglec15#2序列),采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖活性,细胞划痕实验检测各组细胞划痕愈合率,Transwell小室实验检测各组细胞中迁移和侵袭细胞数,流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率。结果:生物信息学分析,与癌旁正常组织比较,食管癌、结肠癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌等泛癌组织中Siglec15 mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且食管癌组织中Siglec15 mRNA表达水平与巨噬细胞浸润呈明显正相关关系(P<0.05);与EC109细胞和KYSE150细胞比较,M2-TAMs中Siglec15 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.01)。EC109/KYSE150组、EC109/KYSE150+si-NC组和EC109/KYSE150+si-Siglec15组细胞增殖率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与EC109/KYSE150组比较,24和48 h时EC109/KYSE150+si-NC组细胞划痕愈合率升高(P<0.01),迁移和侵袭细胞数增加(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.01);与EC109/KYSE150+si-NC组比较,EC109/KYSE150+si-Siglec15#1组和EC109/KYSE150+si-Siglec15#2组细胞划痕愈合率降低(P<0.05),迁移和侵袭细胞数减少(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:M2-TAMs来源Siglec15可能是促进ESCC细胞迁移和侵袭的关键因子。

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇治疗宫颈鳞癌的近期疗效和不良反应分析

目的:探究白蛋白结合型紫杉醇治疗宫颈鳞癌的近期疗效和不良反应。方法:选取2019年10月至2022年10月我院就诊124例宫颈鳞癌患者为受试对象,采用简单随机化法分为两组(观察组62例和对照组62例)。两组均给予放疗处理,对照组采用紫杉醇联合顺铂,观察组予以白蛋白结合型紫杉醇与顺铂。记录治疗4个周期后两组患者临床效果及治疗期间毒副反应发生情况,比较治疗前、治疗4个周期后两组血清肿瘤标志物[鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原(CA125)]、T淋巴细胞水平(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+))的变化。结果:治疗4个周期后,观察组治疗有效率更高(P<0.05),两组治疗期间毒副反应出现情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4个周期后两组血清SCCA、CEA、CA125水平均降低,且观察组降低幅度更显著(P<0.05)。治疗4个周期后,两组血清CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均降低,对照组降低幅度更显著,CD8^(+)均升高,对照组升高幅度更显著(P<0.05)。结论:白蛋白结合型紫杉醇用于宫颈鳞癌疾病其疗效显著,可有效控制宫颈鳞癌进展,且安全性较高,适合临床推广。