Research Progress of Microplastics Pollution in Environment

Microplastics pollution has become one of the focuses of global environmental science research.Microplastics include micro plastic particles and nano-plastic particles,which come from the decomposition of plastic products,the release of microfibers and the industrial process of plastic particles.The distribution of microplastics in water,soil and atmosphere is summarized,and the widespread existence of microplastics in different environmental media is emphasized.This paper also summarizes the potential impact of microplastics on ecosystems and organisms,and pays attention to the transmission and accumulation of microplastics in the food chain,as well as its potential threat to human health.Finally,the paper discusses the methods and technologies of microplastics treatment and monitoring at present,and puts forward the direction of further research on microplastics pollution in order to formulate more effective management and mitigation strategies.

Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.

Evaluation on Soil Heavy Metal Pollution of Agricultural Habitat Environment in Xi'an City

[Objective] This study aimed to understand and grasp the soil heavy metal pollution status of agricultural habitat environment in Xi＇an City. [Method] The soil heavy metal pollution status of pollution-free agricultural products-producing areas in 9 counties （districts） of Xi＇an City was investigated. A total of 609 soil samples were collected, and their Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Cr contents were determined. In addition, the heavy metal pollution status of the collected soil samples was evaluated by Nemerow index method. [Result] The pollution in Baqiao, Chang＇an; Gaoling, Lan- tian, Lintong and Yanliang was of grade I, belonging to clean level; the pollution in Hu County, Weiyang and Zhouzhi was of grade II, near the warning line, belong to relatively clean level. There was no large-area soil heavy metal pollution overall. The investigated areas could be used as production bases of pollution-free agricultural products and even high-quality agricultural products. However, the heavy met- als contents in some individual areas exceeded relevant soil environmental quality standards, and they should be avoided or forbidden during regional planning and selection of production area. [Conclusion] Soil heavy metal pollution of agricultural habitat environment in Xi＇an City is generally at good status. Targeting at the future development plan of Xi＇an City, feasible and scientific suggestions are put forward.

Progress in the research on aquatic environmental nonpoint source pollution in China

In this paper, the authors reviewed the development process of China's research on aquatic environmental nonpoint pollution, and the situation of nonpoint source pollution in east China was also analyzed.

Malignant peritoneal effusion acting as a tumor environment in ovarian cancer progression: Impact and significance

Until recently, ovarian cancer research has mainly focused on the tumor cells themselves ignoring for the most part the surrounding tumor environment which includes malignant peritoneal effusions. However, one of the major conceptual advances in oncology over the last few years has been the appreciation that cancer progression cannot be explained by aberrations in cancer cells themselves and is strongly influenced by the surrounding tumor environment. The mechanisms of ovarian cancer progression differ from that of other solid tumors because ovarian cancer cells primarily disseminate within the peritoneal cavity.Malignant peritoneal effusion accumulates in the peritoneal cavity during ovarian cancer progression. These exudative fluids act as a unique tumor environment providing a framework that orchestrates cellular and molecular changes contributing to aggressiveness and disease progression. The composition of ascites, which includes cellular and acellular components, constantly adapts during the course of the disease in response to various cellular cues originating from both tumor and stromal cells. The tumor environment that represents peritoneal effusions closely constitute an ecosystem, with specific cell types and signaling molecules increasing and decreasing during the course of the disease progression creating a single complex network. Although recent advances aiming to understand the ovarian tumor environment have focused one at a time on components, the net impact of the whole environment cannot be understood simply from its parts or outside is environmental context.

Numerical simulation of solid tumor angiogenesis with Endostatin treatment:a combined analysis of inhibiting effect of anti-angiogenic factor and micro mechanical environment of extracellular matrix

To investigate the influence of anti-angiogenesis drug Endostatin on solid tumor angiogenesis, a mathematical model of tumor angiogenesis was developed with combined influences of local extra-cellular matrix mechanical environment, and the inhibiting effects of Angiostatin and Endostatin. Simulation results show that Angiostatin and Endostatin can effectively inhibit the process of tumor angiogenesis, and decrease the number of blood vessels in the tumor. The present model could be used as a valid theoretical method in the investigation of anti-angiogenic therapy of tumors.

Prediction of Trend between Water Environment Pollution of D Lake and Death Rate of Malignancy in Population

Grey system analysis method was used to study the correlation between water pollution in D Lake area and death rate of malignancy with death rate of malignancy as effect sequence and a variety of water pollution index as factor sequence. On the basis of grey correlation analysis, grey system predication model was established for death rate of malignancy in population in D Lake area including GM (1, N) model for death rate of malignancy [ MR (t+1) =(9.9987E 1+5.0001E 2 +10.8994E 3+1.1114E 4+165.1029) ·e -0.0070t -9.9987E 1-5.0001E 2-10.8994E 3-1.1114E 4 ] and GM (1, 1) model for related factors [ E 1(t+1) =52.1214-46.9468e -0.0058t , E 2(t+1) =4.6114-4.5664e 0.0015t, E 3(t+1) =1.1389-1.1212e 0.0065t , E 4(t+1) = 554.5867-549.8006e 0.0016t ], and the trend of death rate of malignancy from 2000 to 2010 was predicted.

Study on the Characteristics of Atmospheric Environmental Pollution in Jining City

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the characteristics of atmospheric environmental pollution in Jining City. Methed] Based on the environmental monitoring data and synchronous meteorological data in 2006 -2010 in Jining City, the distribution regularity of main atmospheric pol- lutants in this city was studied by the method of statistical analysis. [ Result] There were obvious spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric pollutants in Jining City during 2006 -2010 under the comprehensive effects of meteorological conditions and pollution source emission. That is, at- mospheric pollution was serious in winter but slight in summer, and it was severe in the morning and evening. The load coefficients of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in the atmosphere showed an increasing trend from 2006 to 2010, and their concentrations had close relations with wind direction and ve- locity, urban heat island effect, and motor vehicle quantity. [ Conclusion] This research has important practical significance to the control of atmos- pheric pollution in Jining City.

Numerical simulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis influenced by the extra-cellular matrix mechanical environment

To investigate tumor-induced angiogenesis under the influence of the mechanical environments inside and outside the tumor, mathematical model of tumor angiogenesis was developed. In the model, extra-cellular matrix （ECM） was treated as a thin plane. The displacement of ECM is obtained from the force balance equation consisted of the ECs traction, the ECM visco-elastic forces and the exter- nal forces. Simulation results show that a layered capillary network is obtained with a well vascularized region at the periphery of the tumor. The present model can be used as a valid theoretical method in the basic researches in tumorinduced angiogenesis.

Socio-Environmental Impact of Water Pollution on the Mid-canal (<i>Meda Ela</i>), Sri Lanka

Unplanned urban population growth in developing countries such as Sri Lanka exert pressures on the sectors of water supply, sewage disposal, waste management, and surface drainage in the cities as well as their surrounding areas. The Mid-canal is considered the most polluted surface water body in the Kandy district of Sri Lanka and contributes significantly to pollution of the Mahaweli River. Health problems in the nearby population may well be associated with environmental degradation and related to deteriorated water quality. The overall objectives of this study were to identify the socio-economic status of the community settled along the Meda Ela banks, and to examine the current water quality status of the Meda Ela and possible impacts of the nearby residents on water quality. Additionally, we propose remedial measures concerning wastewater and solid waste disposal to improve environmental conditions in this area.

Investigation of Environmental and Biological Effects of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) with a Special Focus on Industrial and Mining Pollutions in Iran:A Review

The present article is a review study on the types of rare earth elements(REEs),environmental and biological effects as well as the sources of emission of these elements as pollution in nature.The purpose of this study is to provide a vision in environmental planning and control of pollution caused by REEs.The evaluation of rare earth elements was studied in human life and its environmental and biological effects,which have particular importance and are entering the life cycle through industrial and mining pollution sources.Since mining activities intensify the dispersion of these elements in the environment and the existence of industrial factories located around urban drainage system plays a unique role in creating and spreading pollution caused by rare earth elements;As a result,two case studies were conducted on two mining and industrial areas.The first case is the Choghart mine in Yazd province as an example of mining pollution,and the second case study is performed on the Kor river as an example of industrial pollution which is caused by industrial activities around it,Then the results are well explained to show both two environments of litho and hydro.Due to this fact that produced environmental pollution can cause exchange pollutant compounds with the surrounding environment besides its long-lasting destructive effects;It can cause irreversible biological effects on living organisms.By targeting this evaluation,several techniques can be proposed to prevent the entry and dispersal of rare earth elements from pollution sources besides methods to reduce the damage of these elements to the ecosystem.

Research on soil multi-media environmental pollution around a Pb-Zn mining and smelting plant in the karst area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Southwest China

The method of principal component analysis was applied to systematical research on the soil multi-media environment, including soil, surface water, ground water, waterbody sediment and agricultural crops, as well as pollution-inducing wastewater, mullock (or waste ore) and slag in the periphery of a large-sized Pb-Zn mining and smelting plant in a karst area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results revealed that soils in the area studied have been heavily polluted by Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg, and the levels of these metals in the samples of agricultural crop greatly exceed the standards. The above-mentioned pollutants exist in all soil-multi-media environments. The mullock, slag, wastewater, surface water, ground water, soil, and agricultural crops constitute a composite ecological chain. Therefore, the improper disposal of mullock and slag, and the use of polluted wastewater for agricultural irrigation are the main causes of soil pollution. Heavy metals in the soil have three transition progresses: point (improved soil with slag, ground water inflow plot), linear (river transition) and non-point transition (regional pollution by slag) patterns, and the tailing yard is the most important locus for heavy metals to release into the environment.

Simple Linear Model of Tumor Growth in a Changing Environment

In an environment that is neither static nor in equilibrium, but is dynamic and changing, the kinetics of the reactions that cause the growth of a tumor, which depend on the state of the evolving environment, cannot be parametrized in terms of constant rates. We propose a simple model for describing the growth on an untreated tumor in such environments, which is characterized by a minimal number of parameters and is generalizable to include the effects of various types of therapies. In the simplest version that we consider here, it consists of a linear equation with a time-dependent growth rate, which we interpret as the coupling of the system with a dynamic environment. A complete solution is given in terms of the integral of the growth rate. The essential features of the general solution are illustrated with a few examples, and comparison is made with the models that have been proposed to describe recent data.

Application of Nuclear Analysis in Assessment of Environmental Pollution Part 1 Contamination of Plant and Soilby Fluorine

Fluorine contaminates the environment. The study of fluorine contamination profile can be made easy by the use of nuclear analytic method. Measurement of prompt gamma emitted from bombarding fluorine polluted environmental sample with proton beam from accelerator provides rapid assessment of fluorine contamination. In this paper, 340 keV proton beam induced F 19 (P,αγ) O 16 reaction is performed, measurement of prompt gamma 6130 keV gives fluorine content in the soil and leaves of plants (parasol, cotton and glossy privet), taken from the fluorine polluted area.

Environmental Impact on Surface and Ground Water Pollution from Mining Activities in Ikpeshi, Edo State, Nigeria

The study was carried out to evaluate the surface and groundwater condition from mining activities in Ikpeshi and its environs in Akoko Edo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Twenty water samples were randomly collected and analyzed—one borehole water sample, two hands dug wells, eight river samples and nine quarry pits water samples. The physiochemical, heavy metal and bacteriological analysis of the water sample, as well as the variables were compared with those of the World Health Organization (WHO) standard (2008), United State Environmental Protection Agencies (USEPA) standard (2012) and National Agency For Food, Drug Administration And Control (NAFDAC) in Nigeria to determine their suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. The variables determined are: pH ranges from 7.67 - 8.56 mg/l which is suggestive of neutral to alkaline in character, calcium ranges from 5.12 - 2416 mg/l, turbidity ranges from 1.16 - 15.32 mg/l, total dissolved solid (Tds) ranges from 90 - 366 mg/l and total hardness ranges from 58.65 - 187.37 mg/l, fall within WHO standard, are suggestive of concentration of detergent from soap, calcium, magnesium, suspended solid particles and colloidal matters from some of the water samples. While iron ranges from 0.08 - 0.16 mg/l, potassium ranges from 0.02 - 0.18 mg/l, chloride ranges from 30.03 - 120.13 mg/l, sulphate ranges from 1.03 - 5.36 mg/l, nitrate ranges from 0.01 - 0.23 mg/l, lead ranges from 0 - 0.01 mg/l, Zinc ranges from 0 - 0.08 mg/l, copper ranges from 0 - 0.02 mg/l and magnesium ranges from 1.38 - 6.56 mg/l, fall within standards. Coliform count ranges from 0 - 14 mg/l. The water should be treated before the consumption because of its high concentration of detergent, suspended particles, faecal materials and calcium from the water samples. The quarry pits should be reclaimed and rehabilitate after mining. Alkaline materials should be used to neutralize the rock pile area, dumped site, tailing and mine pit itself to avoid acid generation.

Environmental pollution with psychiatric drugs

Among all contaminants of emerging interest,drugs are the ones that give rise to the greatest concern.Any of the multiple stages of the drug's life cycle(production,consumption and waste management)is a possible entry point to the different environmental matrices.Psychiatric drugs have received special attention because of two reasons.First,their use is increasing.Second,many of them act on phylogenetically highly conserved neuroendocrine systems,so they have the potential to affect many non-target organisms.Currently,wastewater is considered the most important source of drugs to the environment.Furthermore,the currently available wastewater treatment plants are not specifically prepared to remove drugs,so they reach practically all environmental matrices,even tap water.As drugs are designed to produce pharmacological effects at low concentrations,they are capable of producing ecotoxicological effects on microorganisms,flora and fauna,even on human health.It has also been observed that certain antidepressants and antipsychotics can bioaccumulate along the food chain.Drug pollution is a complicated and diffuse problem characterized by scientific uncertainties,a large number of stakeholders with different values and interests,and enormous complexity.Possible solutions consist on acting at source,using medicines more rationally,eco-prescribing or prescribing greener drugs,designing pharmaceuticals that are more readily biodegraded,educating both health professionals and citizens,and improving coordination and collaboration between environmental and healthcare sciences.Besides,end of pipe measures like improving or developing new purification systems(biological,physical,chemical,combination)that eliminate these residues efficiently and at a sustainable cost should be a priority.Here,we describe and discuss the main aspects of drug pollution,highlighting the specific issues of psychiatric drugs.

Environment in Tirana and Its Pollution as a Result of Urban Development after 90 Years

Developments of these last two decades in Albania after the fall of communism are associated with major changes both in terms of socio-economic and environmental simultaneously. In the context as for environmental change, Albania is one of the countries with a wide range of problems that have been and are constantly in the focus of attention not only state institutions but also non-governmental organizations operating in authors＇ country. In this city that appears to approach a problem from the stand point of the environment is Tirana. Tirana as the capital of this country has experienced two decades such an extra ordinary transformation that has not been without its environmental costs. Human activities have transformed the environment in Tirana. Greater quantities of waste generated especially solid waste are those caused by major construction boom in Tirana performed. Considerable amount of clinical waste involved in urban waste, in places where hospital, sand clinics, and though a part of Tirana clinical waste burned in special places. With the economy in this city, this volume will increase. In this context, authors＇ theme will focus on a more extensive treatment of these problem, sand forecasts above are provided in the future as well as measures to reduce them to levels required by the EU and to have a quality of life good.

Hybrid Deep Learning Enabled Air Pollution Monitoring in ITS Environment

Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)have become a vital part in improving human lives and modern economy.It aims at enhancing road safety and environmental quality.There is a tremendous increase observed in the number of vehicles in recent years,owing to increasing population.Each vehicle has its own individual emission rate;however,the issue arises when the emission rate crosses a standard value.Owing to the technological advances made in Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques,it is easy to leverage it to develop prediction approaches so as to monitor and control air pollution.The current research paper presents Oppositional Shark Shell Optimization with Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Air Pollution Monitoring(OSSOHDLAPM)in ITS environment.The proposed OSSO-HDLAPM technique includes a set of sensors embedded in vehicles to measure the level of pollutants.In addition,hybridized Convolution Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory(HCNN-LSTM)model is used to predict pollutant level based on the data attained earlier by the sensors.In HCNN-LSTM model,the hyperparameters are selected and optimized using OSSO algorithm.In order to validate the performance of the proposed OSSO-HDLAPM technique,a series of experiments was conducted and the obtained results showcase the superior performance of OSSO-HDLAPM technique under different evaluation parameters.

The Analysis and Remediation Technology of the Pollution of the Groundwater Environment in Longkou Plain, China

In order to study the groundwater environment in the Longkou plain,48 groups of water samples are collected,consisting of 7 groups of surface water samples and 41 groups of groundwater samples.The quality of groundwater in the Longkou Plain is poor,with class V water quality accounting for more than 90%,and no class I,II water quality,sporadic distribution of Class III and IV water quality.The influencing factors of water quality are mainly inorganic indicators such as nitrate,total hardness,chloride,salinity and sulfate,the detection rate of heavy metals is low.Nitrate is the main pollution index in this area,and the increase of nitrate content is closely related to the construction of underground reservoir.Based on the characteristics of groundwater pollution in the Longkou Plain,the in-situ chemical remediation of groundwater pollution is proposed.