Tuning PID Parameters Based on a Combination of the Expert System and the Improved Genetic Algorithms

a new strategy combining an expert system and improved genetic algorithms is presented for tuning proportional-integral-derivative （PID） parameters for petrochemical processes. This retains the advantages of genetic algorithms, namely rapid convergence and attainment of the global optimum. Utilization of an orthogonal experiment method solves the determination of the genetic factors. Combination with an expert system can make best use of the actual experience of the plant operators. Simulation results of typical process systems examples show a good control performance and robustness.

Application of Time Scale to Parameters Tuning of Active Disturbance Rejection Controller for Induction Motor

Active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) has good performance in induction motor (IM) control system, but controller parameter is difficult to tune. A method of tuning ADRC parameter by time scale is analyzed. The IM time scale is obtained by theoretical analysis. Combining the relations between scale time and ADRC parameters, ADRC parameter tuning in IM vector control based stator flux oriented is obtained. This parameter tuning method is validated by simulations and it provides a new technique for tuning of ADRC parameters of IM.

A Two-stage Tuning Method of Servo Parameters for Feed Drives in Machine Tools

Based on the evaluation of dynamic performance for feed drives in machine tools, this paper presents a two-stage tuning method of servo parameters. In the first stage, the evaluation of dynamic performance, parameter tuning and optimization on a mechatronic integrated system simulation platform of feed drives are performed. As a result, a servo parameter combination is acquired. In the second stage, the servo parameter combination from the first stage is set and tuned further in a real machine tool whose dynamic performance is measured and evaluated using the cross grid encoder developed by Heidenhain GmbH. A case study shows that this method simplifies the test process effectively and results in a good dynamic performance in a real machine tool.

A method of tuning PID parameters for P-GMAW based on physical experiments

To improve welding quality, a method of proportional-integral-differential （PlD） parameters tuning based on pulsed gas metal arc welding （P-GMAW） control was put forward. Aiming at the request of dynamic responsiveness of PGMA W constant current control, a self-developed welding waveform wavelet analyzer was employed. By tuning the proportional parameter, integration time and differential time in sequence, the optimal PID parameters could be achieved. The results showed that, due to the PID parameters tuned by this method, the welding process was stable and the weld bead appearance was nice. The requirement of dynamic responsiveness of P-GMAW constant current control was fully met.

Refined Anam-Net:Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Improved Segmentation Performance of Optic Cup and Disc for Glaucoma Diagnosis

In this work,we aim to introduce some modifications to the Anam-Net deep neural network(DNN)model for segmenting optic cup(OC)and optic disc(OD)in retinal fundus images to estimate the cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).The CDR is a reliable measure for the early diagnosis of Glaucoma.In this study,we developed a lightweight DNN model for OC and OD segmentation in retinal fundus images.Our DNN model is based on modifications to Anam-Net,incorporating an anamorphic depth embedding block.To reduce computational complexity,we employ a fixed filter size for all convolution layers in the encoder and decoder stages as the network deepens.This modification significantly reduces the number of trainable parameters,making the model lightweight and suitable for resource-constrained applications.We evaluate the performance of the developed model using two publicly available retinal image databases,namely RIM-ONE and Drishti-GS.The results demonstrate promising OC segmentation performance across most standard evaluation metrics while achieving analogous results for OD segmentation.We used two retinal fundus image databases named RIM-ONE and Drishti-GS that contained 159 images and 101 retinal images,respectively.For OD segmentation using the RIM-ONE we obtain an f1-score(F1),Jaccard coefficient(JC),and overlapping error(OE)of 0.950,0.9219,and 0.0781,respectively.Similarly,for OC segmentation using the same databases,we achieve scores of 0.8481(F1),0.7428(JC),and 0.2572(OE).Based on these experimental results and the significantly lower number of trainable parameters,we conclude that the developed model is highly suitable for the early diagnosis of glaucoma by accurately estimating the CDR.

Fireworks Optimization with Deep Learning-Based Arabic Handwritten Characters Recognition Model

Handwritten character recognition becomes one of the challenging research matters.More studies were presented for recognizing letters of various languages.The availability of Arabic handwritten characters databases was confined.Almost a quarter of a billion people worldwide write and speak Arabic.More historical books and files indicate a vital data set for many Arab nationswritten in Arabic.Recently,Arabic handwritten character recognition(AHCR)has grabbed the attention and has become a difficult topic for pattern recognition and computer vision(CV).Therefore,this study develops fireworks optimizationwith the deep learning-based AHCR(FWODL-AHCR)technique.Themajor intention of the FWODL-AHCR technique is to recognize the distinct handwritten characters in the Arabic language.It initially pre-processes the handwritten images to improve their quality of them.Then,the RetinaNet-based deep convolutional neural network is applied as a feature extractor to produce feature vectors.Next,the deep echo state network(DESN)model is utilized to classify handwritten characters.Finally,the FWO algorithm is exploited as a hyperparameter tuning strategy to boost recognition performance.Various simulations in series were performed to exhibit the enhanced performance of the FWODL-AHCR technique.The comparison study portrayed the supremacy of the FWODL-AHCR technique over other approaches,with 99.91%and 98.94%on Hijja and AHCD datasets,respectively.

Rapid Parameter-Optimizing Strategy for Plug-and-Play Devices in DC Distribution Systems under the Background of Digital Transformation

By integrating advanced digital technologies such as cloud computing and the Internet of Things in sensor measurement,information communication,and other fields,the digital DC distribution network can efficiently and reliably access DistributedGenerator(DG)and Energy Storage Systems(ESS),exhibiting significant advantages in terms of controllability and meeting requirements of Plug-and-Play(PnP)operations.However,during device plug-in and-out processes,improper systemparametersmay lead to small-signal stability issues.Therefore,before executing PnP operations,conducting stability analysis and adjusting parameters swiftly is crucial.This study introduces a four-stage strategy for parameter optimization to enhance systemstability efficiently.In the first stage,state-of-the-art technologies in measurement and communication are utilized to correct model parameters.Then,a novel indicator is adopted to identify the key parameters that influence stability in the second stage.Moreover,in the third stage,a local-parameter-tuning strategy,which leverages rapid parameter boundary calculations as a more efficient alternative to plotting root loci,is used to tune the selected parameters.Considering that the local-parameter-tuning strategy may fail due to some operating parameters being limited in adjustment,a multiparameter-tuning strategy based on the particle swarm optimization(PSO)is proposed to comprehensively adjust the dominant parameters to improve the stability margin of the system.Lastly,system stability is reassessed in the fourth stage.The proposed parameter-optimization strategy’s effectiveness has been validated through eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulations.

IMC-PID tuning method based on sensitivity specification for process with time-delay

To overcome the deficiencies addressed in the conventional PID control and improve the dynamic performance and robustness of the system, a simple design and parameters tuning approach of internal model control-PID （IMC-PID） controller was proposed for the first order plus time-delay （FOPTD） process and the second order plus time-delay （SOPTD） process. By approximating the time-delay term of the process model with the first-order Taylor series, the expressions for IMC-PID controller parameters were derived, and they had only one adjustable parameter 2 which was directly related to the dynamic performance and robustness of the system. Moreover, an analytical approach of selecting 2 was given based on the maximum sensitivity Ms. Then, the robust tuning of the system could be achieved according to the value of Ms. In addition, the proposed method could be extended to the integrator plus time-delay （IPTD） process and the first order delay integrating （FODI） process. Simulation studies were carried out on various processes with time-delay, and the results show that the proposed method could provide a better dynamic performance of both the set-point tracking and disturbance rejection and robustness against parameters perturbation.

Fault Diagnosis Based on Fuzzy Support Vector Machine with Parameter Tuning and Feature Selection

This study describes a classification methodology based on support vector machines(SVMs),which offer superior classification performance for fault diagnosis in chemical process engineering.The method incorporates an efficient parameter tuning procedure(based on minimization of radius/margin bound for SVM's leave-one-out errors)into a multi-class classification strategy using a fuzzy decision factor,which is named fuzzy support vector machine(FSVM).The datasets generated from the Tennessee Eastman process(TEP)simulator were used to evaluate the clas-sification performance.To decrease the negative influence of the auto-correlated and irrelevant variables,a key vari-able identification procedure using recursive feature elimination,based on the SVM is implemented,with time lags incorporated,before every classifier is trained,and the number of relatively important variables to every classifier is basically determined by 10-fold cross-validation.Performance comparisons are implemented among several kinds of multi-class decision machines,by which the effectiveness of the proposed approach is proved.

Controller Parameter Tuning of Delta Robot Based on Servo Identification

High-speed pick-and-place parallel robot is a system where the inertia imposed on the motor shafts is real-time changing with the system configurations.High quality of computer control with proper controller parameters is conducive to overcoming this problem and has a significant effect on reducing the robot＇s tracking error.By taking Delta robot as an example,a method for parameter tuning of the fixed gain motion controller is presented.Having identifying the parameters of the servo system in the frequency domain by the sinusoidal excitation,the PD＋feedforward control strategy is proposed to adapt to the varying inertia loads,allowing the controller parameters to be tuned by minimizing the mean square tracking error along a typical trajectory.A set of optimum parameters is obtained through computer simulations and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by experiments on a real prototype machine.Let the traveling plate undergoes a specific trajectory and the results show that the tracking error can be reduced by at least 50%in comparison with the conventional auto-tuning and Z-N methods.The proposed approach is a whole workspace optimization and can be applied to the parameter tuning of fixed gain motion controllers.

Parameter Tuning Method for Dither Compensation of a Pneumatic Proportional Valve with Friction

In the practical application of pneumatic control devices, the nonlinearity of a pneumatic control valve become the main factor affecting the control effect, which comes mainly from the dynamic friction force. The dynamic friction inside the valve may cause hysteresis and a dead zone. In this paper, a dither compensation mechanism is proposed to reduce negative effects on the basis of analyzing the mechanism of friction force. The specific dither signal（using a sinusoidal signal） was superimposed on the control signal of the valve. Based on the relationship between the parameters of the dither signal and the inherent characteristics of the proportional servo valve, a parameter tuning method was proposed, which uses a displacement sensor to measure the maximum static friction inside the valve. According to the experimental results, the proper amplitude ranges are determined for different pressures. In order to get the optimal parameters of the dither signal, some dither compensation experiments have been carried out on different signal amplitude and gas pressure conditions. Optimal parameters are determined under two kinds of pressure conditions. Using tuning parameters the valve spool displacement experiment has been taken. From the experiment results, hysteresis of the proportional servo valve is significantly reduced. And through simulation and experiments, the cut-off frequency of the proportional valve has also been widened. Therefore after adding the dither signal, the static and dynamic characteristics of the proportional valve are both improved to a certain degree. This research proposes a parameter tuning method of dither signal, and the validity of the method is verified experimentally.

Proportion integral-type active disturbance rejection generalized predictive control for distillation process based on grey wolf optimization parameter tuning

The high-purity distillation column system is strongly nonlinear and coupled,which makes it difficult to control.Active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)has been widely used in distillation systems,but it has limitations in controlling distillation systems with large time delays since ADRC employs ESO and feedback control law to estimate the total disturbance of the system without considering the large time delays.This paper designs a proportion integral-type active disturbance rejection generalized predictive control(PI-ADRGPC)algorithm to control the distillation column system with large time delay.It replaces the PD controller in ADRC with a proportion integral-type generalized predictive control(PI-GPC),thereby improving the performance of control systems with large time delays.Since the proposed controller has many parameters and is difficult to tune,this paper proposes to use the grey wolf optimization(GWO)to tune these parameters,whose structure can also be used by other intelligent optimization algorithms.The performance of GWO tuned PI-ADRGPC is compared with the control performance of GWO tuned ADRC method,multi-verse optimizer(MVO)tuned PI-ADRGPC and MVO tuned ADRC.The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can track reference well and has a good disturbance rejection performance.

A Novel Tuning Method for Predictive Control of VAV Air Conditioning System Based on Machine Learning and Improved PSO

The variable air volume(VAV)air conditioning system is with strong coupling and large time delay,for which model predictive control(MPC)is normally used to pursue performance improvement.Aiming at the difficulty of the parameter selection of VAV MPC controller which is difficult to make the system have a desired response,a novel tuning method based on machine learning and improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)is proposed.In this method,the relationship between MPC controller parameters and time domain performance indices is established via machine learning.Then the PSO is used to optimize MPC controller parameters to get better performance in terms of time domain indices.In addition,the PSO algorithm is further modified under the principle of population attenuation and event triggering to tune parameters of MPC and reduce the computation time of tuning method.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via a hardware-in-the-loop VAV system.

Adaptive Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Dynamic Exchange of Control Parameters

Updating the velocity in particle swarm optimization (PSO) consists of three terms: the inertia term, the cognitive term and the social term. The balance of these terms determines the balance of the global and local search abilities, and therefore the performance of PSO. In this work, an adaptive parallel PSO algorithm, which is based on the dynamic exchange of control parameters between adjacent swarms, has been developed. The proposed PSO algorithm enables us to adaptively optimize inertia factors, learning factors and swarm activity. By performing simulations of a search for the global minimum of a benchmark multimodal function, we have found that the proposed PSO successfully provides appropriate control parameter values, and thus good global optimization performance.

The Analysis of Peculiar Control Parameters of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm on the Numerical Optimization Problems

Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the popular swarm intelligence algorithms. ABC has been developed by being inspired foraging and waggle dance behaviors of real bee colonies in 2005. Since its invention in 2005, many ABC models have been proposed in order to solve different optimization problems. In all the models proposed, there are only one scout bee and a constant limit value used as control parameters for the bee population. In this study, the performance of ABC algorithm on the numeric optimization problems was analyzed by using different number of scout bees and limit values. Experimental results show that the results obtained by using more than one scout bee and different limit values, are better than the results of basic ABC. Therefore, the control parameters of the basic ABC should be tuned according to given class of optimization problems. In this paper, we propose reasonable value ranges of control parameters for the basic ABC in order to obtain better results on the numeric optimization problems.

Squirrel Search Optimization with Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Human Pose Estimation

Human pose estimation(HPE)is a procedure for determining the structure of the body pose and it is considered a challenging issue in the computer vision(CV)communities.HPE finds its applications in several fields namely activity recognition and human-computer interface.Despite the benefits of HPE,it is still a challenging process due to the variations in visual appearances,lighting,occlusions,dimensionality,etc.To resolve these issues,this paper presents a squirrel search optimization with a deep convolutional neural network for HPE(SSDCNN-HPE)technique.The major intention of the SSDCNN-HPE technique is to identify the human pose accurately and efficiently.Primarily,the video frame conversion process is performed and pre-processing takes place via bilateral filtering-based noise removal process.Then,the EfficientNet model is applied to identify the body points of a person with no problem constraints.Besides,the hyperparameter tuning of the EfficientNet model takes place by the use of the squirrel search algorithm(SSA).In the final stage,the multiclass support vector machine(M-SVM)technique was utilized for the identification and classification of human poses.The design of bilateral filtering followed by SSA based EfficientNetmodel for HPE depicts the novelty of the work.To demonstrate the enhanced outcomes of the SSDCNN-HPE approach,a series of simulations are executed.The experimental results reported the betterment of the SSDCNN-HPE system over the recent existing techniques in terms of different measures.

Automated Video-Based Face Detection Using Harris Hawks Optimization with Deep Learning

Face recognition technology automatically identifies an individual from image or video sources.The detection process can be done by attaining facial characteristics from the image of a subject face.Recent developments in deep learning(DL)and computer vision(CV)techniques enable the design of automated face recognition and tracking methods.This study presents a novel Harris Hawks Optimization with deep learning-empowered automated face detection and tracking(HHODL-AFDT)method.The proposed HHODL-AFDT model involves a Faster region based convolution neural network(RCNN)-based face detection model and HHO-based hyperparameter opti-mization process.The presented optimal Faster RCNN model precisely rec-ognizes the face and is passed into the face-tracking model using a regression network(REGN).The face tracking using the REGN model uses the fea-tures from neighboring frames and foresees the location of the target face in succeeding frames.The application of the HHO algorithm for optimal hyperparameter selection shows the novelty of the work.The experimental validation of the presented HHODL-AFDT algorithm is conducted using two datasets and the experiment outcomes highlighted the superior performance of the HHODL-AFDT model over current methodologies with maximum accuracy of 90.60%and 88.08%under PICS and VTB datasets,respectively.

Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in IoT Based Mobile Edge Computing Using Deep Learning

Recently,computation offloading has become an effective method for overcoming the constraint of a mobile device(MD)using computationintensivemobile and offloading delay-sensitive application tasks to the remote cloud-based data center.Smart city benefitted from offloading to edge point.Consider a mobile edge computing(MEC)network in multiple regions.They comprise N MDs and many access points,in which everyMDhasM independent real-time tasks.This study designs a new Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in IoT-based MEC using Deep Learning with Seagull Optimization(TORA-DLSGO)algorithm.The proposed TORA-DLSGO technique addresses the resource management issue in the MEC server,which enables an optimum offloading decision to minimize the system cost.In addition,an objective function is derived based on minimizing energy consumption subject to the latency requirements and restricted resources.The TORA-DLSGO technique uses the deep belief network(DBN)model for optimum offloading decision-making.Finally,the SGO algorithm is used for the parameter tuning of the DBN model.The simulation results exemplify that the TORA-DLSGO technique outperformed the existing model in reducing client overhead in the MEC systems with a maximum reward of 0.8967.

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Classification Using Improved Metaheuristic with Deep Learning

Remote sensing image(RSI)classifier roles a vital play in earth observation technology utilizing Remote sensing(RS)data are extremely exploited from both military and civil fields.More recently,as novel DL approaches develop,techniques for RSI classifiers with DL have attained important breakthroughs,providing a new opportunity for the research and development of RSI classifiers.This study introduces an Improved Slime Mould Optimization with a graph convolutional network for the hyperspectral remote sensing image classification(ISMOGCN-HRSC)model.The ISMOGCN-HRSC model majorly concentrates on identifying and classifying distinct kinds of RSIs.In the presented ISMOGCN-HRSC model,the synergic deep learning(SDL)model is exploited to produce feature vectors.The GCN model is utilized for image classification purposes to identify the proper class labels of the RSIs.The ISMO algorithm is used to enhance the classification efficiency of the GCN method,which is derived by integrating chaotic concepts into the SMO algorithm.The experimental assessment of the ISMOGCN-HRSC method is tested using a benchmark dataset.

Automated Deep Learning Driven Crop Classification on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images

Hyperspectral remote sensing/imaging spectroscopy is a novel approach to reaching a spectrum from all the places of a huge array of spatial places so that several spectral wavelengths are utilized for making coherent images.Hyperspectral remote sensing contains acquisition of digital images from several narrow,contiguous spectral bands throughout the visible,Thermal Infrared(TIR),Near Infrared(NIR),and Mid-Infrared(MIR)regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.In order to the application of agricultural regions,remote sensing approaches are studied and executed to their benefit of continuous and quantitativemonitoring.Particularly,hyperspectral images(HSI)are considered the precise for agriculture as they can offer chemical and physical data on vegetation.With this motivation,this article presents a novel Hurricane Optimization Algorithm with Deep Transfer Learning Driven Crop Classification(HOADTL-CC)model onHyperspectralRemote Sensing Images.The presentedHOADTL-CC model focuses on the identification and categorization of crops on hyperspectral remote sensing images.To accomplish this,the presentedHOADTL-CC model involves the design ofHOAwith capsule network(CapsNet)model for generating a set of useful feature vectors.Besides,Elman neural network(ENN)model is applied to allot proper class labels into the input HSI.Finally,glowworm swarm optimization(GSO)algorithm is exploited to fine tune the ENNparameters involved in this article.The experimental result scrutiny of the HOADTL-CC method can be tested with the help of benchmark dataset and the results are assessed under distinct aspects.Extensive comparative studies stated the enhanced performance of the HOADTL-CC model over recent approaches with maximum accuracy of 99.51%.