Botanical,quality control,phytochemistry,pharmacology and toxicity characteristics of Corydalis bungeana Turcz.:a review

Corydalis bungeana Turcz.(CB)is a medicinal herb with significant medicinal value in traditional Chinese medicine.This paper reviews the progress of research on CB’s botany,quality control,phytochemistry,pharmacology and toxicity.The plant’s information was gathered from scientific databases such as PubMed,GeenMedical,Springer Link(https://link.springer.com),Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Pharmacopoeia and Flora.Currently,137 phytochemicals have been identified and isolated from CB,including alkaloids,flavonoids,amino acids,terpenoids,coumarins and organic acids.In addition,many phytochemicals reported various antiinflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral,antitumor,analgesic,hepatoprotective,immunomodulatory,neuromodulatory,and lipid reduction activities.However,the study of its toxicity is still at the preliminary exploration stage and needs further intensive exploration.Herein,we provide an in-depth investigation of the progress of CB to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of activity of CB extracts and its major components,deliver valuable resources and information for further research and rational drug use,and explore the potential research directions and prospects of CB.

内蒙古西部地区砂珍棘豆(Oxytropis racemosa Turcz.)遗传多样性分析

用ISSR分子标记对内蒙古西部地区砂珍棘豆(Oxytropis racemosa Turcz)3个不同生境的地理种群进行了种群遗传多样性分析.结果表明砂珍棘豆种群具有较高的遗传多样性,14个ISSR引物扩增出284条带,Shannon多样性指数I=0.3630,Nei′s多样性指数H=0.2234,物种总基因多样性(HT)为0.2236,种群内基因多样性(Hs)为0.2085,大部分遗传变异(93.27%)存在于种群内,6.73%的遗传变异存在于种群间.遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.0673,基因流(Nm)为6.9318,说明种群间有很强的基因交流,遗传漂变不会引起遗传分化.UPGMA遗传距离聚类结果表明,3个地理种群中,乌审旗和伊金霍洛种群先聚在一起,然后与鄂托克种群聚在一起,遗传距离与地理距离相关,

胚乳和外源赤霉素对五味子[Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill]种子发芽的影响

以组织培养和土壤播种的未经层积处理的五味子种子为材料，检测胚乳和外源赤霉素（GA3）对发芽影响的结果表明，在不加生长调节物质的MS培养基上，去掉外种皮带全胚乳的种子发芽率只有2．7％，而带1／2和1／3胚乳的种子发芽率则分别为46％和70．6％；培养基中添加GA，，可提高去掉外种皮带全胚乳和带1／2胚乳种子的发芽率，而对带1／3胚乳的种子则无效果。土壤播种时，用10—1000mg·L—GA3对去掉外种皮种子进行1~10d前处理，其中100mg·L—GA3前处理10d的发芽率最高，达到38．7％。

星星草Puccinellia tenuiflora（Turcz．）Scribn． et Merr．解剖研究

利用扫描电镜技术，研究了星星草Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｅｌｌｉａｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ（Ｔｕｒｃｚ．）Ｓｃｒｉｂｎ．ｅｔＭｅｒｒ．的营养器官，发现其根、茎、叶各部器官的组织具有显著的旱生结构特征，即根的皮层细胞破裂，形成发达的通气组织￣［１］；茎的表皮细胞排列紧密，角质层很厚，维管束不成两轮排列，而星散分布于基本组织中，髓腔较小；叶的表皮具乳突状表皮毛，泡状细胞数目较少，且深陷。叶脉维管束鞘不为典型的Ｃ＿３植物结构，两层维管束鞘的细胞壁厚度相等，内层维管束鞘壁并不加厚，外层维管束鞘含叶绿体。这些特征都表明星星草受外界生态因素影响，而演化出各种各样的形态结构来适应所生长的客观生态环境￣［２］。

不同颜色百蕊草种子生物学特性研究

为探究不同种皮颜色的百蕊草种子生物学特性,本研究以野生百蕊草种子为实验材料,开展种子表型特征、重量和大小、吸水率和含水量、生活力和萌发率、贮藏物质及生物酶活性等方面研究。结果表明,百蕊草黄色种子生物学特性指标表现较好,生活力94.51%、长2.69 mm、宽2.04 mm、厚2.03 mm,百粒重0.5406 g、五百粒重2.7072 g、裂口率45.90%。黄色种子可溶性蛋白含量最高为2.13 mg/g,显著(p<0.05)高于绿色种子;绿色种子可溶性糖和粗脂肪含量最高分别为8.75 mg/g和0.36 g/g;黄色种子POD酶、β-淀粉酶含量最高分别为204.33 U/g和11.83 U/g;黄绿色种子SOD含量为13201.83 U/g,显著(p<0.05)高于绿色种子;绿色种子的CAT含量最高为41.46 U/g。本研究初步明确了百蕊草种子的生物学特性,不同种皮颜色(黄色、黄绿色、绿色)的种子其生理指标差异较大,黄色和黄绿色种子萌发特性较好,可为以后百蕊草种子采收和制定质量标准提供依据。

豆腐柴果胶多糖理化指标及乳化性质

豆腐柴果胶含量丰富,以商品柑橘果胶为对照,对豆腐柴果胶多糖的理化指标和乳化特性进行比较,并研究果胶质量浓度、pH和油相体积分数对果胶乳液体系乳化特性的影响。与柑橘果胶相比,豆腐柴果胶多糖半乳糖醛酸含量为(71.35±0.11)%,其他各项理化指标均符合果胶标准。酯化度为(64.67±0.78)%,为高甲氧基果胶。通过测定得到其乳液体系的乳化活性、乳化稳定性和乳析稳定性均受到果胶质量浓度、油相体积分数和pH变化的影响,结果显示豆腐柴果胶多糖具备比商品柑橘果胶更好的乳化性质,可开发作为乳液体系中天然乳化剂,前景广阔。

饲用柳蒿生产性能的研究

为了研究饲用柳蒿生产性能,以野生柳蒿为试验材料,通过分株繁殖,种植于试验地,行距30 cm,株距30 cm,分别测定生长第2、3、4年的株高、每平方米株数、茎粗、叶长、鲜草产量、干草产量等指标,并对各性状进行相关分析、回归分析、主成分分析。结果表明:①柳蒿3年平均干草产量为4633.67 kg/hm2,生长第2年和第3年干草产量显著高于第4年(P<0.05)。第2年株高显著高于第4年(P<0.05)。②株高、茎粗与干草产量存在显著正相关(P<0.05)。③干草产量(Y)与株高(X1)的线性回归方程:Y=-1184.59+77.34X1;干草产量(Y)与茎粗(X3)的线性回归方程:Y=-5880.95+3613.96X3。④主成分分析评定柳蒿3个年份生产性能的综合排名第2年>第3年>第4年。得出柳蒿适宜作为饲草开发利用,产量较高,第2年和第3年是生长高峰期,株高、茎粗对干草产量有显著影响。

古龙酸母液混制肥和草席覆盖措施对新疆旱区牧草生长和土壤养分含量的影响

古龙酸母液(RAE)是工业上通过二步发酵法生产维生素C过程中产生的废液,胶质芽胞杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)是解钾细菌,二者在改善土壤质量、提升土壤肥力和促进植物生长方面具有重要意义。使用RAE与胶质芽胞杆菌的混合液作为古龙酸母液混制肥(RB),设RB施加量为0%(CK)、0.5%、1.0%的3个处理,并设置草席覆盖和未覆盖处理,开展田间小区试验,对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)的生长、生理指标、土壤养分指标及相关关系进行分析。结果表明,相同覆盖处理下,RB总体上显著提高了牧草的生长和生理指标,表现为1.0%>0.5%>CK,在1.0%RB处理下,紫花苜蓿的地上生物量平均提高了112%,披碱草平均提高了80.1%。相同RB施加量处理,覆盖处理的牧草总体上发芽率、发芽势、株高、地上生物量和根系发育显著高于未覆盖处理,紫花苜蓿和披碱草发芽率平均提高164%和194%,地上生物量平均提高64.3%和24.9%。相同覆盖处理下,土壤有机碳和速效养分含量均随RB处理有效提高,1.0%RB将土壤有机碳和速效钾分别显著提高了33.1%和105%。相同RB施加量下,覆盖处理能提高土壤的有机碳含量,平均提高了2.75%。双因素方差分析表明RB和草席覆盖措施对牧草的生长、生理指标和土壤养分含量具有显著的交互影响。冗余分析和Pearson相关性分析表明影响牧草生长生理指标的环境因子主要为有机碳、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾,建议采用1.0%RB与草席覆盖联用来改良新疆旱区土壤促进牧草生长。研究结果为古龙酸母液、胶质芽胞杆菌资源化利用和新疆旱区土地资源开发提供了科学依据。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化地参咀嚼片辅料配比工艺

为了更好地开发利用地参资源,以地参粉为原料,添加微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁、羧甲基淀粉钠等辅料,采用直接压片法制备地参咀嚼片,通过单因素试验考察微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁、羧甲基淀粉钠添加量对地参咀嚼片的片重差异、硬度和脆性的影响,采用Box-Behnken响应面试验结合多指标综合评分法对其辅料配比进行优化。结果表明,微晶纤维素添加量、硬脂酸镁添加量、羧甲基淀粉钠添加量、微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁添加量交互作用及硬脂酸镁和羧甲基淀粉钠添加量交互作用对地参咀嚼片品质影响显著。地参咀嚼片的最优配比为微晶纤维素添加量17.3%、硬脂酸镁添加量0.7%、羧甲基淀粉钠添加量10.7%,按此配比制备地参咀嚼片的片重差异为1.19%,硬度为98.18 N,脆性为0.37%,多指标综合评分平均值为44.96分。按照优化后辅料配比制备的产品质地结实,表面光滑,色泽均匀,硬度适中,符合咀嚼片的相关要求。

Experiment on Tissue Culture Technique of Saposhnikovia divaricata(Turcz.) Schischk

The study aimed to optimize the induction and differentiation medium by exploreing different tissue culture of Saposhnikovia divaricata （Turcz.） Schischk. In tissue culture with the root, stem segments, young leaf, cotyledonary node and axillary bud of Saposhnikovia divaricata （Turcz.） Schischk as explants, a lot of plantleles were obtained and the corresponding plant regeneration-system was established. The results showed that when use MS＋1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA as callus induction medium, the cotyledonary node had the highest bourgeon rate, and its callus was better than any others; MS＋2 mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0.4 mg·L^-1 NAA was the best adventitious buds induction medium, and the best adventitious buds induced condition was 3% sucrose as carbon source, illumination for 12-14 h·d^-1 and pH 5.8, The best rootage medium was 1/2 MS＋0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA.

Effect of Lycopus lucidus Turcz.supplementation on gut microflora and short chain fatty acid composition in Crj:CD-1 mice

We investigated the diversity and composition of microflora in feces of Lycopus lucidus Turcz.-fed mice.In addition,we evaluated the production of major cytokines(Interleukin-6 and-10)which are related to inflammation and fatty acid composition of several tissues.16S ribosomal DNA sequencing-based microbiome taxonomic profiling analysis was performed utilizing the EzBioCloud data base.Male mice fed on L.lucidus showed a significantly reduced number of lactic acid bacteria and coliform in the feces compared with the control group(p<0.05).16S rDNA sequencing analysis of fecal samples showed that L.lucidus supplementation decreased the community of harmful microflora(Enterobacteriaceae including Escherichia coli and Bacteroides sp.)in feces compared with the control group(p<0.05).There were no significant differences in mRNA expression of cytokine IL-6 and IL-10 between the control and L.lucidus fed groups.The fecal fatty acid composition in the L.lucidus group had percentages of 4:0,6:0,8:0 and 10:0 in the intestine but those short chain fatty acids were not detected in the control group.Our results showed that L.lucidus supplementation influenced gut environment by decreasing harmful microflora and increased the percentages of several short fatty acids.

Nortriterpenoids from the fruit stalk of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

Objective:The fruit stalk of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.(S.chinensis)has been found to contain bioactive components similar to the fruit of S.chinensis.Here,we report a recent discovery about new nortriterpenoids with a novel skeleton and anti-gastric cancer activity,which were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis.Methods:The chemical components of ethyl acetate extract from 70%ethanol extract from S.chinensis fruit stalk were separated,purified,and identified by liquid chromatography methods(silica gel,ODS,HPLC)and extensive spectroscopic analyses(NMR,IR,UV,MS,CD).Results:Two new nortriterpenoids,schilancitrilactone M and 25-hydroxyl schindilactone D(1 and 2),along with ten known nortriterpenoids(3-12)were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis.The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against MGC-803 cells,and the results showed that compounds 6-8 possessed significant activities with IC50 of 9.01,11.77,and 2.74μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Twelve nortriterpenoids including two new compounds were isolated from the fruit stalk of S.chinensis for the first time.Among them,compounds 6-8 showed significant anti-gastric cancer activities.We postulated that the fruit stalk of S.chinensis could be used as an anti-gastric cancer drug.

Optimization of Extraction Method of Triterpenoids from Artemisia selengnesis Turcz

[Objectives]The research aimed to optimize the extraction method of triterpenoids from A. selengnesis. [Methods]The ultrasonic extraction of triterpenoids in A. selengnesis was optimized by single factor analysis( including infusion time,ethanol concentration,ultrasonic power,extraction time,and liquid-solid ratio) and response surface method. [Results]The optimum extracting process of triterpenoids was as follows: infusion time of 65 min,ethanol concentration of 80%,ultrasonic power of 275 W,extraction time of 30 min,and liquid-solid ratio of 34 m L/g. Under the optimized condition,the extraction content of triterpenoids reached( 18. 26 ± 0. 10) mg/g. [Conclusions] The optimized extraction had a good modal on practice in developing and utilization.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. is a deciduous woody vine, and belongs to the Schisandraceae family. This species is a horticultural plant with edible fruit. It is used medicinally and for making rope. It is distributed in Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Five Bioactive Flavonoids in <i>Salix bordensis</i>Turcz. by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS

The qualitative characterization and quantitative analysis of five bioactive flavonoids in Salix bordensis Turcz. were achieved via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry, by using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 HPLC column with a gradient elution of 0.3% (v/v) formic acid in water and methanol as the mobile phase. The compounds in the mixture were clearly identified by comparing their HPLC-DAD ultraviolet spectra, retention times, and MS data with those of corresponding reference compounds. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9998) within the test ranges. The LOD, LOQ, specificity, precision, and accuracy for the method were validated. The results demonstrated that this analytical approach is ideal for the determination of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, and that it constructed a basis for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Salix bordensis Turcz.

Extraction and Application Prospects of Artemisia leucophylla(Turcz. ex Bess.) C.B.Clarke

The main components of Artemisia leucophylla(Turcz.ex Bess.) C.B.Clarke extract are volatile oils,flavonoids,lignans,terpenoids,etc.Studies have shown that A.leucophylla has bactericidal,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-ultraviolet functions,and it has large development space and application value in many fields.This paper first introduced the growth resource distribution,active component extraction method,composition and efficacy of A.leucophylla,and analyzed the application prospects in daily necessities,in order to provide reference for the in-depth research,development and utilization of A.leucophylla.

Induction and Identification of Polyploidy Plants from Superior Individuals of Wild Lonicera edulis Turcz. in Changbai Mountains

[ Objectives] This study was conducted to provide high-quality polyploid for returning the grain plots to forestry and promote the rapid development of Lonicera edulis Turcz. [ Methods] With superior individuals of wild L. edulis in Changbai Mountains as experimental materials and colchicine as inducer, polyploid induction was performed twice on diploid plants by addition method, and 7 polyploidy plants were identified from 11 regenerated plantlets. [Results] Among the 7 polyploidy plants, four materials were tetraploid, the concentration and treatment time of which were 300 mg/L and 7 and 14 d, respectively; and three materials were octaploid, the concentrations and treatment time of which were 300 and 500 mg/L and 14 d, respectively. [ Conclusions] The results of this study showed that colchicine had a higher polyploid induction rate for L. edulis with lower toxic and side effects, and the polyploidy plants could restore to normal growth state after several times of cubculture. Therefore, colchicine is an polyploid inducer suitable for L. edulis.

Effects of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz on the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice

Objective: To study the effects of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz on the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), acute lung injury group (ALI group) and n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz group (Rum group). ALI group and Rum group were established into ALI models by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin, and Rum group were given intragastric administration of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz for intervention before model establishment. 12 h after endotoxin injection, the superior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the water content, and the inferior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the contents of AQPs molecules, inflammatory response molecules and oxidative stress molecules. Results: 12 h after endotoxin injection, the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was (6.82±0.97)%. After variance analysis, the water content of lung tissue in ALI group was significantly higher than that in NC group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly lower than those of NC group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of NC group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly higher than those of NC group;the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was significantly lower than that in ALI group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly higher than those of ALI group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of ALI group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly lower than those of ALI group. Conclusion:The n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz reduce the pulmonary edema, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis during the endotoxin-induced ALI in mice.

Effects of Salt Stress on Proline Accumulation in Relation to Osmotic Adjustment in the Seedling of Elymus Dahuricus Turcz

We investigated the effects of salt stress on proline accumulation in the seedling of Elymus dahuricus Turcz. from two different geographic regions in order to explicit various adaptability in response to salt stress condition. Plants were dealt with in five salt treatments(0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%). Significant differences were obvious at the highest salinity treatments for almost each considered parameters. Given that proline concentration is closely related to salt tolerance, we found that G2 seemed to be more tolerant. Furthermore, the proline concentration might be exploited as a dependable measure for evaluating the effect of considering regional factors on salt tolerance.

沙漠嘎有效部位化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的 分离鉴定沙漠嘎具有抗哮喘活性有效部位的化学成分,以明确其抗哮喘药效物质基础。方法 采用硅胶柱层析法、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(octadecylsilyl, ODS)柱层析法和高效制备液相色谱法对沙漠嘎有效部位的化学成分进行分离纯化,采用高分辨率质谱和核磁共振等技术对分离得到的成分进行鉴定。结果 从沙漠嘎具有抗哮喘活性有效部位中分离鉴定了6种化学成分,分别为帕得马亭(Ⅰ)、甲基-3-(4′-羟苯基)香豆酸(Ⅱ)、3,5,4′-三羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(Ⅲ)、3,5,4′-三羟基-7,3′-二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅳ)、茵陈蒿香豆酸A(Ⅴ)、圣草酚-7-甲醚(Ⅵ)。结论 首次从沙漠嘎中分离并鉴定了化合物Ⅰ~Ⅵ,为沙漠嘎的多指标质量控制及抗哮喘作用机制研究提供了参考。