Research on the Translation of Chinese Twenty-Four Solar Terms: A Skopos Theory Perspective

In the current era of rapid development, excellent culture needs to be inherited and spread to the world. Therefore, it is essential to consider the translation of the 24 solar terms. China persists in the principle of the Belt and Road Initiative, adheres to the guidance of Chinese traditional excellent culture goes global, and enhances the influence of Chinese culture on the words, the culture of the words communicating and developing constantly. This paper analyzes and compares translations of different versions, explores the necessity of translation strategies for translation, then summaries the translation strategy, ultimately figures out the development space, ted texts and promote the exchange of Chinese and foreign cultures.

Solvents incubatedπ-πstacking in hole transport layer for perovskite-silicon 2-terminal tandem solar cells with 27.21%efficiency

Room temperature sputtered inorganic nickel oxide(NiO_(x))is one of the most promising hole transport layers(HTL)for perovskite-sillion 2-terminal tandem solar cells with the aid of ultrathin and compact organic layers to passivate the surface defects.In this study,the aromatic solvent with different substituent groups was used to regulate the conformation of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)am ine](PTAA)layer.As a result,the single-junction perovskite solar cell(PSC)gained a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.63%,contributing to a 27.21%efficiency for monolithic perovskite/silicon(double-side polished)2-terminal tandem solar cell,by applying the alkyl aromatic solvent to enhance theπ-πstacking of PTAA molecular chains.The tandem solar cell can maintain 95%initial efficiency after aging over 1000 h.This study provides a universal approach for improving the photovoltaic performance of NiO_(x)/polymer-based perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells and other single junction inverted PSCs.

Influence of Lunar Activities on the Twenty-four Solar Terms

Twenty four solar terms is a knowledge system formed by the ancients through long-term observation of the annual activities of the sun.Although it roughly reveals the changing rules of seasons,climate and phenology in a year,and reflects the influence of the sun on the earth’s climate change on a large scale,because the ancients ignored the influence of the moon’s activities on the earth’s climate change on a small scale,the 24 solar terms they summarized often can not accurately predict the earth's climate change.In order to make the 24 solar terms reflect not only the influence of the sun on the earth's climate change on a large scale,but also the influence of the moon's activities on the earth's climate change on a small scale,we must refer to the key time nodes of the moon's activities to divide the 24 solar terms.That is to say,the first day(the seventh or twenty second day of the lunar calendar)after the“Greater Cold”of the old year should be set as the“Beginning of Spring”of the new year,and then the day after half a month should be the next solar term,which is the first day of the moon’s next visit to the Antarctic or the Arctic,and so on.In this way,the 24 solar terms are consistent with the key nodes of lunar activities,and can accurately predict the changes of the earth's climate.

The Origin and Significance of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms in China

The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is an integrated knowledge system and functional social practice initiated and developed by ancient Chinese. Appling to their daily lives and agricultural production, based on records of the periodic motions of the sun, this knowledge system echoes seasonal and climate changes, phenological variation and reflects the features of ancient agricultural activities. As a comprehensive demonstration of their lives and production, it is a phenomenal achievement thanks to the ancient Chinese people's experience and wisdom. The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is also a cultural phenomenon unique to China, geographic location, the Yellow River Basin being at a mid-latitude zone with distinctive seasonal climate changes; its long-existing agrarian tradition, advanced agricultural philosophy and a harmonious lifestyle. In the meantime, while China's superior knowledge on astronomy made its formation technically possible, the "agriculture first" governmental policy and the "prefectures and counties" administrative system, introduced by governors from Qin and Han Dynasties, cultivated its formation institutionally. Besides, the "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is the outcome of the harmonious civilization progress and traditional Chinese culture, which is different from Western Europe's aggressive and predatory industrial expansion. The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is still of great cultural and practical significance in China even today. It highlights the "unity of mankind and nature" philosophy and serves as another signature symbol of the Chinese culture. While China is more and more engaging in international affairs, the "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" facilitates the rest of the world to understand China from another angle.

利用VMD-SSA-LSTM的电离层总电子含量预报研究

针对太阳活动影响下机器学习模型对电离层总电子含量(TEC)短期预报精度不高的问题,本文提出了一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)、麻雀搜索算法(SSA)、长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的组合模型(VMD-SSA-LSTM),以期提高TEC短期预报精度。利用VMD算法对不同时期太阳活动程度影响下的东、西半球TEC格网点数据分解,利用SSA优化LSTM模型,将分解的TEC样本分量及模型最优初始权值和阈值输入到LSTM模型中,将分量预测序列合并重构,得到电离层TEC预测值。实验表明:VMD-SSA-LSTM组合模型在东、西半球太阳活动强烈、适中、较弱时期的均方根误差分别为0.77、0.56、0.69;0.92、0.76、0.73个TECu,平均绝对误差平均值分别为0.69、0.47、0.56;0.79、0.65、0.58个TECu,平均相对精度分别达到94%、94%、93%;93%、91%、91%以上,残差绝对值分布在0~1个TECu的比例均值分别为75.56%、96.11%、85%;74.44%、80.55%、78.33%,较VMD-LSTM、LSTM两种模型预报精度有显著提升。

结合太阳辐射量计算与CNN-LSTM组合的光伏功率预测方法研究

为了提高模型预测性能,提出一种综合太阳辐射模型及深度学习的光伏功率预测模型。首先,利用太阳辐射机理建立太阳辐射模型(SRM),估算出水平面上总辐射值,再由斜面辐照度转换方法计算出光伏组件所接收的斜面辐射值。其次,通过皮尔逊相关分析法筛选出对光伏功率影响较大的主要因素,将斜面辐射计算值及主要影响因素作为输入,采用卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短期记忆网络(LSTM)建立光伏功率SRM-CNN-LSTM预测模型。分别利用春夏秋冬四季典型日的数据开展对比实验,结果表明:与几种其他方法相比,该文方法具有更好的预测效果。

基于FCM-LSTM的光热发电出力短期预测

对光热电站的出力进行短期预测,可以有效应对太阳能随机性和波动性带来的影响,为电网调度做好准备.该文以青海某光热电站为例,首先使用模糊C均值聚类算法对预处理后的实验数据进行分类,然后通过分析不同聚类类型下出力和气象数据中各因子间的关联程度,充分挖掘出数据间的关系,确定不同类型预测模型的输入变量,进而构建出不同类别下的长短期记忆神经网络预测模型.结果表明,与传统长短期记忆神经网络模型、BP神经网络模型、支持向量机模型和随机森林模型的预测结果相比,基于模糊C均值聚类的长短期记忆神经网络预测模型效果良好,大幅减少了预测误差,验证了该预测模型的有效性.

Analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.

Decision Technique of Solar Radiation Prediction Applying Recurrent Neural Network for Short-Term Ahead Power Output of Photovoltaic System

In recent years, introduction of a renewable energy source such as solar energy is expected. However, solar radiation is not constant and power output of photovoltaic (PV) system is influenced by weather conditions. It is difficult for getting to know accurate power output of PV system. In order to forecast the power output of PV system as accurate as possible, this paper proposes a decision technique of forecasting model for short-term-ahead power output of PV system based on solar radiation prediction. Application of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is shown for solar radiation prediction in this paper. The proposed method in this paper does not require complicated calculation, but mathematical model with only useful weather data. The validity of the proposed RNN is confirmed by comparing simulation results of solar radiation forecasting with that obtained from other

风电-光伏-抽蓄-电制氢多主体能源系统增益的合作博弈分配策略

根据清洁能源示范基地的建设需求,提出基于合作博弈论的风电-光伏-抽蓄-电制氢多主体能源系统联合优化运行的增益分配策略.为兼顾系统运行安全性,构建上网出力互补性评价指标.风电、光伏、抽蓄、电制氢利益主体通过内部电量交易进行合作,以系统运行收益最大为优化目标构建联合优化调度模型.根据调度结果,应用合作博弈论中的最大最小成本法分配系统合作增量收益.利用风电-光伏-抽蓄-电制氢清洁能源示范基地12利益主体系统算例进行仿真验证,结果表明联合优化运行可实现各利益主体自身收益正增长,抽蓄库容、上网电价以及运行安全性需求会影响系统的合作增量收益.

基于改进Shapley值法的风-光-水-储多主体互补发电系统合作增益分配策略

为了充分发挥系统中可调节资源的自身优势,利用变速抽水蓄能机组配合小水电机组进行常规调节,并考虑变速抽水蓄能机组的快速响应特性,提出了兼顾系统小时级以及秒级安全性的风-光-水-储多主体互补发电系统的联合优化调度模型。为了降低合作博弈高效性算法线性增长的计算复杂度,基于改进Shapely值法提出了一种大规模利益主体的合作增量效益(增益)分配策略。通过资源聚合,对高维度问题进行降维处理,利用Shapley值法进行初始分配;构建合作增益贡献指标,采用非对称纳什谈判理论对同类型的不同主体进行细化分配。以某流域风-光-水-储10主体互补发电系统为仿真算例,结果表明:抽水蓄能机组与小水电机组互补运行可以提升系统的灵活性和安全性;基于改进Shapley值法的合作增益分配策略具有计算高效性以及应用可行性。

Cultural Structure of Solar Terms and Traditional Festivals

Solar terms and festivals differ from and relate to each other in terms of application scope and cultural structure.The cultural association and application of the 24 Solar Terms are studied in the areas including philosophy,farming and society,and are exhibited in the natural convergence of views on space and time,life and customs,as well as the facilitation of agricultural practice.The connotations of traditional Chinese festivals concern basic areas such as beliefs,rites,language,symbols,diets and art,which are exhibited in the co-existent "festival tokens," "festival events," "festival messages," "festival symbols," "festival food" and "festival art forms." Festivals feature fixed and periodic occurrence and multi-channel cultural inheritance.

Life Nurturing in the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms(二十四节气)

China’s“24 Solar Terms”,known as the fifth invention after China’s hour Major Inventions,is a knowledge system and social practice formed through observations of the sun’s annual motion,and cognition of the year’s changes in season,climate and phenology.More and more people in the world have been eager to know more about it since UNESCO inscribed Chinas“24 Solar Terms”on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016.As a way of nurturing life,the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms includes twenty-four exercise forms,corresponding to the 24 solar terms respectively,which reflects the significant idea of complying with the law of yin-yang changes in the universe.It presents a series of sitting and standing exercises designed to prevent diseases that occur during seasonal changes throughout the year.The ancient Chinese wisdom of time and life nurturing has been witnessed in China’s“24 Solar Terms”and“Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms”This article aims to arouse readers’concern and interest in life nurturing by introducing how to do all the exercises presented by the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms,which is helpful to the prevention and cure of diseases as well as good for health.

Luoxia Hong and 24 Solar Terms and Their Translations

Up to now,there are few academic studies on the great astronomer,Luoxia Hong and the English translation of the 24 Solar Terms.Through the study of Luoxia Hong and the 24 Solar Terms and their English translations,this paper aims to,firstly,further reconfirm the historical status of Luoxia Hong and secondly,make a comparative study of the different translation versions of 24 Solar Terms from the perspective of translation studies,so that more people,home and abroad,can get more familiar with the historical and cultural celebrity Luoxia Hong and traditional Chinese culture.

Analysis on the Climatic Characteristics of Temperature in "24 Solar Terms" in Liaoning Province

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the climatic characteristics of temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province.[Method] Based on the daily temperature data from 56 stations in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2009,the climatic characteristics of temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province in recent 59 years were analyzed.[Result] The time series of average temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province showed quasi normal distribution from 1951 to 2009,namely single peak type.Great Heat meant the hottest time within one year,and next came Slight Heat,while Slight Cold was the coldest time within one year,and Great Cold took the second place.Among 24 solar terms,temperature increased most obviously in Tomb-sweeping Day,with the increase of 4.9 ℃,while temperature decreased most greatly in the Beginning of Winter,with the decrease of 5.1 ℃.There was obvious decadal variation in average temperature in Slight Heat,Great Heat,Slight Cold,Great Cold and the End of Heat which were closely related to temperature,and average temperature went up with time.From 1951-1980 to 1981-2009,average temperature in 22 solar terms showed increase trend,and there was no change in one solar term,while average temperature in one solar term decreased slightly,and average temperature in 24 solar terms increased by 0.66 ℃.[Conclusion] The study could provide scientific reference for meteorological service.

Long-Term Visibility Trends in the Riyadh Megacity, Central Arabian Peninsula and Their Possible Link to Solar Activity

In this study, atmospheric visibility (AV) data from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (24.91˚N, 46.41˚E, 760 m), for the period 1976-2011 were utilized to investigate the interannual, monthly, and seasonal AV variations and trends. The magnitudes of these trends were characterized and tested using mann-kendall (MK) rank statistics at different significance levels. No significant trend in AV was observed during the 36-year period. However, a significant increase in the annual mean AV by 0.24 km per year for the period between 1976 and 1999 was found. For the period 1999-2011, AV decreased significantly by 0.16 km per year. The potential effects of air temperature and relative humidity on AV were investigated. While these two variables could explain the observed trend of AV over some periods, they failed to do so for the whole study period. To search for extraterrestrial causes for long-term AV variations, correlation analyses between the time series of cosmic ray (CR) data (measured by NM and muon detector) and solar activity (represented by sunspot number) and AV were conducted and showed that these two variables are able to explain the AV variations for the whole study period. Additionally, power spectra analyses were conducted to investigate periodicities in the AV time series. Several significant periodicities, such as 9.8, 5.2, 2.2, 1.7, and 1.3 years were recognized. The obtained periodicities were similar to those reported by several investigators and found in solar, interplanetary, and CR parameters. The spectral and correlation results suggested that, with the expected effects of terrestrial and meteorological conditions on AV, long-term AV variations can also be related to the solar activity and associated CR modulations.

基于ICEEMDAN-LSTM和残差注意力的短期太阳辐照度预测

为提升短期太阳辐射预测的准确性,提出一种基于ICEEMDAN-LSTM和残差注意力的短期太阳辐照度预测方法。该方法利用改进的自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(ICEEMDAN)将原始辐射序列分解为多尺度模态分量,同时引入残差注意力机制对原始气象特征进行重构,然后利用长短期记忆网络分别提取两部分的时序特征,并融合所得特征输入至多层感知器,进行提前1小时的水平面总辐照度预测。实验结果表明,该方法能捕捉辐射序列的波动和突变,并考虑不同气象特征的重要程度,可有效提高短期太阳辐照度的预测精度。

Time-optimal rendezvous transfer trajectory for restricted cone-angle range solar sails

The advantage of solar sails in deep space exploration is that no fuel consumption is required. The heliocentric distance is one factor influencing the solar radiation pressure force exerted on solar sails. In addition, the solar radiation pressure force is also related to the solar sail orientation with respect to the sunlight direction. For an ideal flat solar sail, the cone angle between the sail normal and the sunlight direction determines the magnitude and direction of solar radiation pressure force. In general, the cone angle can change from 0° to 90°. However, in practical applications, a large cone angle may reduce the efficiency of solar radiation pressure force and there is a strict requirement on the attitude control. Usually, the cone angle range is restricted less more than an acute angle （for example, not more than 40°） in engineering practice. In this paper, the time-optimal transfer trajectory is designed over a restricted range of the cone angle, and an indirect method is used to solve the two point boundary value problem associated to the optimal control problem. Relevant numerical examples are provided to compare with the case of an unrestricted case, and the effects of different maximum restricted cone angles are discussed. The results indicate that （1） for the condition of a restricted cone-angle range the transfer time is longer than that for the unrestricted case and （2） the optimal transfer time increases as the maximum restricted cone angle decreases.

基于Kmeans++-Bi-LSTM的太阳辐照度超短期预测

针对地表太阳辐射的不确定性和随机波动性,进而对大型光伏发电并网对电力系统的稳定性造成冲击,提出一种新的太阳辐照度超短期预测方案。该方案通过使用皮尔逊相关性分析和无监督学习中的Kmeans++算法,对多种气象数据进行筛选,找出关键气象数据并进行划分以及添加标签,接着将带有标签的关键气象数据输入双向长短期记忆网络预测模型中,以达到10 min时间间隔的太阳辐照度超短期预测。结果表明所提预测模型相较于目前常用的模型提高了预测精度。

>35%5-junction space solar cells based on the direct bonding technique

Multijunction solar cells are the highest efficiency photovoltaic devices yet demonstrated for both space and terrestrial applications.In recent years five-junction cells based on the direct semiconductor bonding technique(SBT),demonstrates space efficiencies>35%and presents application potentials.In this paper,the major challenges for fabricating SBT 5J cells and their appropriate strategies involving structure tunning,band engineering and material tailoring are stated,and 4-cm235.4%(AM0,one sun)5J SBT cells are presented.Further efforts on detailed optical managements are required to improve the current generating and matching in subcells,to achieve efficiencies 36%-37%,or above.