Correlation Between Yield Stress of Silty Mud Sediments and Continuous Oscillatory Shearing Properties

Analyzing the rheological properties of silty beds subjected to continuous oscillatory shear loading is crucial for understanding the morphological deformation of the seabed and ensuring safety in geological and marine engineering applications.In this study,the effects of oscillatory shearing properties on the yield stress(S_(u))of silty sediments were quantitatively investigated.The effects of oscillatory shear strength(0-3),water content(26.6%-70.84%),and particle diameter(8.79-50μm)were examined extensively through a series of laboratory tests.The results indicated that the three aforementioned parameters were the major factors that affected the rheological characteristics of silty sediments.Furthermore,their effects could be elucidated using the yield stress of cohesive sediments as the indicator parameter.The ratio of yield stress(S_(u)/S_(u0))varied as the oscillatory shear strength increased up to a critical value,Λ_(cr).S_(u)bsequently,the ratio remained at a constant value.It was deduced that the yield stress decreased with increasing oscillatory shear strength forΛ<Λ_(cr),when the sediments were in a non-equilibrium fluidization stage.WhenΛ>Λ_(cr),the sediments entered an equilibrium fluidization stage,and the yield stress remained almost constant,irrespective of the oscillatory shear strength.Furthermore,during the equilibrium fluidization stage,it was observed that the ratio S_(u)/S_(u0)did not vary with water content but decreased as the particle diameter increased.Finally,based on regression analysis of the experimental data for non-equilibrium and equilibrium fluidization stages,a correlation between yield stress of silty sediments and continuous oscillatory shearing properties was proposed.This correlation can aid in understanding the changes in solid resistance and assessing safety in piling engineering.Furthermore,it can provide a theoretical guidance for reducing soil resistance in marine structures using mechanical vibrations.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Rolling by Twin Shear Stress Yield Criterion

Using the twin shear stress yield criterion, the surface integral of the co-line vectors, and the integration depending on upper limit, Kobayashi＇s three-dimensional velocity field of rolling was analyzed and an analytical expression of rolling torque and single force was obtained. Through redoing the same experiment of rolling pure lead as Sims, the calculated results by the above expression were compared with those of Kobayashi and Sims formulae. The results show that the twin shear stress yield criterion is available for rolling analysis and the calculated results by the new formula are a little higher than those by Kobayashi and Sims ones if the reduction ratio is less than 30%.

An Application of the Modified Shear Lag Model to Study the Influence of Thermal Residual Stresses on the Stiffness and Yield Strength of Short Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

The modified shear lag model proposed recently was applied to calculate thermal residual stresses and subsequent stress distributions under tensile and compressive loadings. The expressions for the elastic moduli and the yield strengths under tensile and compressive loadings were derived which take account of thermal residual stresses. The asymmetries in the elastic modulus and the yield strength were interpreted using the derived expressions and the obtained results of the stress calculations. The model predictions have exhibited good agreements with the experimental results and also with the other theoretical predictions

A New Modified Conductivity Model for Prediction of Shear Yield Stress of Electrorheological Fluids Based on Face-center Square Structure

A new modified conductivity model was established to predict the shear yield stress of electrorheological fluids (ERF). By using a cell equivalent method, the present model can deal with the face-center square structure of ERF. Combining the scheme of the classical conductivity model for the single-chain structure, a new formula for the prediction of the shear yield stress of ERF was set up. The influences of the separation distance of the particles, the volume fraction of the particles and the applied electric field on the shear yield stress were investigated.

Effects of PVA and PEG on pH Dependent Shear Yield Stress of Concentrated Alumina Suspensions

The pH dependence of the extrapolated shear yield stress for Alcoa A16 a-Al2O3 suspensions at the powder volume fraction of 0.27 with and without addition of both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) each at fixed 0.18% of the powder mass was studied. With the polymer added, the full deflocculation of the suspension shifts from about pH=4 to around pH=1.5, at which the minimum value of shear yield stress is higher than that at pH=4. The addition of both PVA and PEG was found to prevent the filter cake from cracking.

Static Yield Stress of Cement-based Grouting Material under Different Rheological Modes

To quantitatively estimate the workability of cement-based grouting material,from the perspective of rheology,the result of the static yield stress evaluated using the rate-controlled and stress-controlled modes,respectively,was compared using the Rheowin rheometer.Also,the correlation of workability and solid concentration of slurry with static yield stress was studied.Results show that the static yield stress of cement-based grouting slurry relates to the established slurry structure,and is the shear stress corresponding to the transformation of elastics to plastics;In rate-controlled mode,the static yield stress of the slurry is related to the shear rate.The higher the shear rate,the greater the yield stress of the slurry.For the stress-controlled mode,the result is more accurate and suitable for testing static yield stress under different water-cement ratios.Since the water-cement ratio has a good correspondence with the static yield stress and the static yield stress has a good correspondence with the slump flow of the slurry,the static yield stress is the minimum stress to be overcome when the slurry begins to flow and it reflects the yield behavior and structural stability of the cement.

Investigation of the short-term stress distribution in stopes and drifts backfilled with cemented paste backfill

Cemented paste backfill(CPB) is largely used in underground mines worldwide.A key issue associated with application of CPB is to estimate the stresses in backfilled stopes and on barricades.Recent numerical and experimental results show that arching effect is absent shortly after the placement of CPB in stopes.However,stress decreases in barricade drift with increasing distance between the measurement points and drawpoint have also been observed,demonstrating arching effect shortly after the pouring of CPB.To explain these paradoxes,CPB is considered as Bingham fluid having a yield shear stress.Three dimensional analytical solutions are proposed to evaluate the short-term total stresses in backfilled stopes and on barricades,accounting for the CPB's yield shear stress-induced arching effect.Stress diminution due to such arching effect in the backfilled stopes and on barricades is indeed obtained.But the reduction becomes insignificant using typical yield shear stress and stope geometry.More analyses indicate that the typical yield shear stress values do not fully correspond to field conditions where the yield shear stress would increase exponentially due to apparent consolidation(loss of water by drainage,a phenomenon similar to the desiccation of overly saturated fine-grained materials).

Analysis of complete plasticity assumption for solid circular shaft under pure torsion and calculation of shear stress

The distribution of shear stress on the cross-section of plastic metal solid circular shaft under pure torsion yielding, the applicability of complete plastic model assumption and the shear stress formula were researched. Based on the shear stress formula of circular shaft under pure torsion in elastic stage, the formula of torque in elastic stage and the definition of yield, it is obtained that the yielding stage of plastic metal shaft under pure torsion is only a surface phenomenon of torque-torsion angle relationship, and the distribution of shear stress is essentially different from that of tensile stress when yielding under uniaxial tension. The pure torsion platform-torsion angle and the shape of torque-torsion angle curve cannot change the distribution of shear stress on the shaft cross-section. The distribution of shear stress is still linear with the maximum shear stress ts. The complete plasticity model assumption is not in accordance with the actual situation of shaft under torsion. The experimental strength data of nine plastic metals are consistent with the calculated results of the new limiting strain energy strength theory （LSEST）. The traditional yield stress formula for plastic shaft under torsion is reasonable. The shear stress formula based on the plane assumption in material mechanics is applicable for all loaded stages of torsion shaft.

盾构壁后注浆窜浆模型试验及发生条件研究

全断面围岩管片壁后注浆因向开挖面方向的窜浆现象会引起盾尾空隙注浆不饱满,管片上浮、错台及开裂,螺机喷涌等事故常有发生,已经引起广泛重视。通过设计自制壁后注浆液窜浆模型装置进行试验,分析浆液性质、缝隙厚度、注浆压力差对是否发生窜浆及窜浆量的影响,并探讨了不发生窜浆的临界条件。结果表明:(1)浆液压力与窜浆距离呈线性衰减,当浆液稠度较低时,窜浆量与缝隙厚度、浆液稠度呈近似线性正相关、与浆液的剪切屈服应力呈近似线性负相关,窜浆距离与注浆压力差呈近似线性正相关;当浆液稠度增大时,以上关系将逐渐转化为非线性关系;(2)通过极差分析表明浆液的窜浆量受盾壳与岩层间缝隙厚度影响最大,注浆压力与开挖面压力差影响其次,最后是浆液本身的性质;(3)建立了窜浆临界分析模型和计算公式,得到了窜浆发生条件和判别方法,可用于指导稳定围岩地层中盾构掘进时浆液的配制。

流变学参数表征湿喷混凝土工作性研究进展

为提高工作性对湿喷混凝土施工性能(可输送性、可喷性)的指导作用,归纳了现有各种技术规范的工作性要求,回顾了流变特性与可喷性相关性研究进展,探讨了流变性能时变机制,总结了时变模型发展现状。结果表明,坍落度无法协调可输送性与可喷性工作性需求矛盾,流变学参数应用效果优于坍落度;屈服剪切应力增加,一次喷射厚度变大,回弹率减小;塑性黏度降低,管道输送压力减小,可输送性变好,但屈服剪切应力、塑性黏度与密实度的相关性尚需深入研究;主流的流变性能时变模型为指数、对数、线性、幂函数等经验公式,应加强有物理意义的模型推导;时变预测模型缺乏有效验证手段,应重点研发速凝体系下湿喷混凝土流变性能的原位评估方法。

内层钢板外层高强度混凝土复合井壁受力特性与支护结构参数优化分析

针对内层钢板外层高强度混凝土复合井壁的厚度设计,以受均匀围压的内层钢板外层高强度混凝土复合井壁得出的弹性解析解为基础,对内层钢板采用Mises屈服准则,外层高强度混凝土采用统一强度理论,研究复合井壁的初始屈服临界状态.以内层钢板和外层高强度混凝土均未屈服为条件,提出复合井壁的设计流程.结果表明,当内半径、围压以及材料给定时,存在外半径和分层半径的最佳取值范围,在此范围内选择外半径和对应的分层半径,内层钢板和外层高强度混凝土均不会达到屈服.与模型试验进行对比,发现试验中内半径、外半径、分层半径和材料给定的复合井壁,当围压等于设计围压时,外半径和分层半径处于最佳取值范围;当围压继续增大时,外层高强度混凝土先于内层钢板屈服.弹性解与屈服准则相结合,得到复合井壁设计流程为:通过规范及工程地质条件确定井壁内半径和围压值,选定复合井壁的材料,采用屈服准则求得外半径和分层半径的最佳取值范围.

不同级配组成对泥沙流变特性影响实验研究

针对江苏沿海条子泥区域泥沙,运用控制剪切速率实验方法,通过改变样品中的粉沙质量占比,系统探究了泥沙的级配对其剪切应力和黏度的影响规律,并使用剪切速率扫描法和间接法分别计算泥沙样品静态和动态屈服应力。结果表明:所有组次泥沙样品均表现出两次明显的屈服行为,其流变特性以两个屈服行为为界,划分为3个阶段;泥沙样品中粉沙含量对其流变特性起着关键性作用,粉沙含量增大,样品剪切应力和黏度均发生相应减小,其中粉沙含量在35%~55%区间内变化梯度较大,此区间可能存在泥沙粒间主导作用力的转变;最后依托剪切速率扫描法测得的实验数据分析,得到了不同粉沙含量下泥沙的静态屈服应力和动态屈服应力的经验公式。

Rheological properties and concentration evolution of thickened tailings under the coupling effect of compression and shear

Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a key technology for green mining in metal mines,in which tailings thickening comprises the primary link of CPB technology.However,difficult flocculation and substandard concentrations of thickened tailings often occur.The rheological properties and concentration evolution in the thickened tailings remain unclear.Moreover,traditional indoor thickening experiments have yet to quantitatively characterize their rheological properties.An experiment of flocculation condition optimization based on the Box-Behnken design(BBD)was performed in the study,and the two response values were investigated:concentration and the mean weighted chord length(MWCL)of flocs.Thus,optimal flocculation conditions were obtained.In addition,the rheological properties and concentration evolution of different flocculant dosages and ultrafine tailing contents under shear,compression,and compression-shear coupling experimental conditions were tested and compared.The results show that the shear yield stress under compression and compression-shear coupling increases with the growth of compressive yield stress,while the shear yield stress increases slightly under shear.The order of shear yield stress from low to high under different thickening conditions is shear,compression,and compression-shear coupling.Under compression and compression-shear coupling,the concentration first rapidly increases with the growth of compressive yield stress and then slowly increases,while concentration increases slightly under shear.The order of concentration from low to high under different thickening conditions is shear,compression,and compression-shear coupling.Finally,the evolution mechanism of the flocs and drainage channels during the thickening of the thickened tailings under different experimental conditions was revealed.

磁流变液剪切屈服应力模型的建立

基于磁偶极子理论和相邻链之间的影响,建立磁流变液的双链偶极子微观结构模型,从磁偶极子能量的角度推导了磁流变液的剪切屈服应力方程,采用双链偶极子模型模拟得到剪切角对剪切力的影响;采用双链偶极子模型计算不同质量分数(40%~70%)羰基铁粉磁流变液的剪切屈服应力,分析了磁性颗粒质量分数对磁流变液剪切屈服应力的影响,并与单链偶极子模型计算结果和试验结果进行对比。结果表明:采用双链偶极子模型模拟得到磁流变液的剪切力随着剪切角的增大基本呈先增后减的趋势,在剪切角为15°时达到最大;由单链偶极子模型、双链偶极子模型计算和试验得到的磁流变液剪切屈服应力均随羰基铁粉质量分数的增加而增大,单链偶极子模型和双链偶极子模型计算结果的平均相对误差分别为97.51%和29.58%,双链偶极子模型能较准确地模拟计算磁流变液在工作磁场下的剪切屈服应力。

高温铅铋轴流泵叶轮冲磨蚀特性研究

为研究铅铋轴流泵叶轮冲磨蚀特性,基于液态铅铋的冲磨蚀破坏机理分析,利用边界层理论建立冲磨蚀数学模型,采用SST k-ω湍流模型对0.8Q_(d)、1.0Q_(d)和1.2Q_(d)三种方案下泵内流动进行数值计算,获得了叶片冲磨蚀分布及壁面流速、流态、壁面熵产率与冲磨蚀的影响关系。结果表明:高冲磨蚀区域主要分布在叶片进口边靠近泵壳一侧;随铅铋泵入口流量增加和壁面流态紊乱加剧,叶片受冲磨蚀影响增大;当液态铅铋的最大流速不高于10m/s时,叶片受冲磨蚀影响较小,而最大流速高于10m/s时,叶片表面冲磨蚀急剧加重;叶片表面高冲磨蚀区域是高壁面熵产率主要分布区域,且液态铅铋的冲磨蚀行为与壁面熵产率呈正相关关系。

含水率对黄土高原地区几种主要类型土壤流变特性的影响

[目的]研究含水率对土壤浆体流变特性的影响机理,为黄土高原地区泥浆体流动规律的认识和泥石流防治提供科学依据。[方法]以黄土高原地区4种主要类型土壤为研究对象,通过流变振荡剪切测试,探究含水率对土壤流变特性的影响。[结果](1)[土娄]土、褐土和黑垆土的储能模量、损耗模量、剪切应力随含水率的增加(40%~80%)均呈减小趋势,剪切应力分别从229.85,193.38,96.46 Pa减小到2.25,2.65,2.32 Pa;在含水率较大(>50%)的条件下,黄绵土表现出强应变过冲现象。(2)4种土壤浆体的储能模量随剪切应变的增加出现两个平台区,表现出两步屈服现象;随着含水率的增加,浆体出现两步屈服向一步屈服的转变。第一步屈服与初始网络结构的破坏有关,第二步屈服表明浆体结构被完全破坏。(3)当土壤含水率≤50%,土壤细颗粒可通过形成絮凝体增加絮凝程度从而提高土壤浆体流动点剪切应力;当含水率>50%时,土壤中的粗颗粒通过增加颗粒间摩擦力提高流动点剪切应力,此时黄绵土流动点剪切应力大于其他土壤。[结论]土壤流变特性不仅与其自身性质有关,而且受土壤含水率的重要影响;细颗粒含量较大的土壤,在高含水率条件下其浆体更易发生流动。

石墨添加剂对磁流变脂流变特性的影响

为了研究石墨添加剂对磁流变脂流变特性的影响,采用润滑脂为基体,制备了石墨粉末质量分数为0%,2%,5%,8%,10%的石墨磁流变脂(graphite magnetorheological grease,GMRG).使用安东帕流变仪测量了5种材料在稳态剪切模式和振荡剪切模式下的流变特性,并对石墨添加剂质量分数对磁流变脂屈服应力和黏弹性的影响进行了研究.结果表明,对比未添加石墨的磁流变脂,石墨质量分数分别为2%,5%,8%和10%的磁流变脂可以在加载电流为3 A时获得更高的屈服应力,并且屈服应力分别提升了40.49%,54.12%,81.48%和147.48%.此外,石墨添加剂质量分数越大,石墨磁流变脂的黏弹性特征就越明显,但获得的相对磁流变效应越小.研究还发现石墨质量分数的变化对石墨磁流变脂的线性黏弹区间影响不大.

机械剪切对无取向硅钢磁性能的影响

结合工业化生产的无取向硅钢,开展了剪切间隙、试样尺寸、测试方向和材料的屈强比对磁性能的影响研究。结果表明,随着机械剪切间隙的增加,成品试样厚度方向上剪切面所占的比例逐渐变少,试样的铁损、磁感出现了不同程度的劣化。其中,铁损的劣化率远大于磁感的劣化率。平行轧向的试样铁损劣化率远大于垂直轧向的试样。此外,随着剪切次数的增加和剪切试样尺寸的减小,试样的铁损、磁感也会出现相应的劣化,并且还会受到材料的屈强比影响。材料的屈强比越高,经过机械剪切之后的试样磁性能劣化就越明显。

流变调节剂在二元喷雾产品中的影响

选择了化妆品中常用的5种流变调节剂(卡波姆,丙烯酰二甲基牛磺酸铵/VP共聚物,聚丙烯酸酯交联聚合物-6,黄原胶和纤维素),分别配制含不同质量分数聚合物的水溶液和乳液体系。采用流变仪及马尔文喷雾粒度分析仪研究流变与喷雾行为。利用激光粒度仪测试各流变剂在水中形成的微凝胶粒径分布,并跟踪了乳液体系的稳定性。分析了流变行为及喷雾效果与流变调节剂在水溶液中的微观结构的关系。结果发现,黄原胶因其分子量较大,激光粒度仪测试其水溶液颗粒相对较大,虽然具有较好的剪切变稀性能,但其法向应力较高,不能提供良好的喷雾性能。卡波姆等其他4种聚合物,微凝胶颗粒较小,卡波姆含量较高时,因微凝胶颗粒致密而相互作用,可提供相对较高的黏度与弹性模量,但不利于喷雾,而聚丙烯酸酯交联聚合物-6因其适中的弹性模量,屈服应力和较低的法向应力,可作为辅助流变调节剂帮助乳液体系稳定,同时可以提供优良的喷雾效果。

强度理论的发展和展望

强度是各种地上、地下、水下和上天结构的共同的最基本要求。强度理论是研究材料在复杂应力下屈服和破坏规律的学科。由于各种土木、水利、机械、航空、军工等工程结构中的材料,大多处于复杂应力作用下,因此强度理论得到广泛的研究和应用。强度理论是各种工程结构强度计算和设计必需的基础理论。它们也是固体力学、材料强度学研究从弹性到塑性,从弹性到软化或硬化,从弹性到脆塑性,以及从线性到非线性的开始。对材料在复杂应力状态下强度理论(屈服准则、破坏准则等)的发展进行了总结。给出了 80 多种准则的方程式,反映出强度理论研究的“百花齐放,百家争鸣”。讨论了各种准则的分类和它们之间的关系,以及在研究和工程应用中的合理选择破坏准则问题。还总结了三大系列强度理论、统一屈服准则、统一强度理论和其他各种强度理论。 最后讨论了强度理论的发展展望,包括:真三轴试验和假三轴试验;强度理论的经济效益;各向异性材料和复合材料的破坏准则;多孔隙材料和多相材料的破坏准则;其它各种特殊材料的强度理论;安定性、多轴疲劳、蠕变、损伤、断裂和相关现象;强度理论的计算机程序实施和角点奇异性;特殊环境下的强度理论问题;强度理论的美;强度理论研究的不同层次。