Characteristics of local photonic state density in an infinite two-dimensional photonic crystal

The local density of photonic states （LDPS） of an infinite two-dimensional （2D） photonic crystal （PC） composed of rotated square-pillars in a 2D square lattice is calculated in terms of the plane-wave expansion method in a combination with the point group theory. The calculation results show that the LDPS strongly depends on the spatial positions. The variations of the LDPS as functions of the radial coordinate and frequency exhibit “mountain chain” structures with sharp peaks. The LDPS with large value spans a finite area and falls abruptly down to small value at the position corresponding to the interfaces between two different refractive index materials. The larger/lower LDPS occurs inward the lower/larger dielectric-constant medium. This feature can be well interpreted by the continuity of electricdisplacement vector at the interface. In the frequency range of the pseudo-PBG （photonic band gap）, the LDPS keeps very low value over the whole Wiger-Seitz cell. It indicates that the spontaneous emission in 2D PCs cannot be prohibited completely, but it can be inhibited intensively when the resonate frequency falls into the pseudo-PBG.

Band gaps structure and semi-Dirac point of two-dimensional function photonic crystals

Two-dimensional function photonic crystals, in which the dielectric constants of medium columns are the functions of space coordinates , are proposed and studied numerically. The band gaps structures of the photonic crystals for TE and TM waves are different from the two-dimensional conventional photonic crystals. Some absolute band gaps and semiDirac points are found. When the medium column radius and the function form of the dielectric constant are modulated, the numbers, width, and position of band gaps are changed, and the semi-Dirac point can either occur or disappear. Therefore,the special band gaps structures and semi-Dirac points can be achieved through the modulation on the two-dimensional function photonic crystals. The results will provide a new design method of optical devices based on the two-dimensional function photonic crystals.

Comment on “Band gaps structure and semi-Dirac point of two-dimensional function photonic crystals” by Si-Qi Zhang et al.

Recently, Zhang et al. （Chin. Phys. B 26 024208 （2017）） investigated the band gap structures and semi-Dirac point of two-dimensional function photonic crystals, and the equations for the plane wave expansion method were induced to obtain the band structures. That report shows the band diagrams with the effects of function coefficient k and medium column ra under TE and TM waves. The proposed results look correct at first glance, but the authors made some mistakes in their report. Thus, the calculated results in their paper are incorrect. According to our calculations, the errors in their report are corrected, and the correct band structures also are presented in this paper.

Enhancement of Phase Matching Ability in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal through Plasma Materials

We have theoretically studied the modal dispersion equation and effective refractive index of one-dimensional plasma photonic crystals (1-D PPCs) having different materials in one unit cell. The dispersion relations related for such structure is derived by solving Maxwell’s equation using the transfer matrix method. It is found that the presence of plasma in a unit cell enhanced the phase matching ability and provides additional degree of freedom to control phase matching condition compared to the conventional one-dimensional photonic crystals (1-D PCs).

Description and reconstruction of one-dimensional photonic crystal by digital signal processing theory

A method of describing one-dimensional photonic crystals （1DPCs） based on Z-domain digital signal processing theory is presented. The analytical expression of the target band gap spectrum in the digital domain is obtained by the autocorrelation of its impulse response. The feasibility of this method is verified by reconstructing two simple 1DPC structures with a target photonic band gap obtained by the traditional transfer matrix method. This method provides an effective approach to function-guided designs of interference-based band gap structures for photonic applications.

Controlling the Bandgaps of One-Dimensional TiO2/SiO2, TiO2/SnO2, and SiO2/SnO2 Photonic Crystals Using the Transfer Matrix Method

One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PhCs) have a unique ability to control the propagation of light waves, however certain classes of 1D oxides remain relatively unexplored for use as PhCs. Specifically, there has not been a comparative study of the three different 1D PhC structures to compare the influence of layer thickness, number, and refractive index on the ability of the PhCs to control light transmission. Herein, we use the transfer matrix method (TMM) to theoretically examine the transmission of 1D PhCs composed of layers of TiO2/SiO2, TiO2/SnO2, SiO2/SnO2, and combinations of the three with various top and bottom layer thicknesses to cover a substantial region of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV to NIR). With increasing layer numbers for TiO2/SiO2 and SiO2/SnO2, the edges became sharper and wider and the photonic bandgap width increased. Moreover, we demonstrated that PhCs with significantly thick TiO2/SiO2 layers had a high transmittance for a wide bandgap, allowing for wide-band optical filter applications. These different PhC architectures could enable a variety of applications, depending on the properties needed.

Transmission spectra characteristics of 1D photonic crystals with complex dielectric constant

The characteristics of photonic forbidden bands, transmission gain and absorption of one-dimensional （ID） dual-periodical photonic crystals （PC） with a complex dielectric layer were studied by using the optical transfer matrix （TM） method. The results show that the photonic band gap （PBG） of this structure is enlarged and many transmission resonance peaks appear in PBG. Large transmission gain for transmission peaks is obtained if the imaginary part of dielectric constant is negative. With the increase of the absolute value of the imaginary part, the transmission gain increases firstly and the transmittance gain gets to an apex. The imaginary parts of dielectric constant corresponding to transmission gain apex are different according to wavelength. However, the transmission ratio of resonance peaks is less than 1 if the imagi- nary part of dielectric constant is positive. The properties might be used to design multi-narrow-channel band filters and optical amplification devices synchronously.

Compact waveguide bandpass filter employing two-dimensional metallic photonic crystals for millimeter to terahertz frequencies

Two-dimensional metallic photonic crystal slabs with square lattice are proposed to be used for the design of waveguide bandpass filters operating in millimeter to terahertz region. Filter characteristics are studied when rod radii and lattice constants are changed. Based on the frequency scaling technique, a series of higher frequency filters has been designed. By using laser drilling and welding processing techniques, a compact waveguide filter embedded in an EIA-WR10 waveguide with central frequency 145.5 GHz and 3-dB bandwidth of 5.26 GHz is fabricated and measured. The measurement data agree well with the simulation prediction.

A compact T-branch beam splitter based on anomalous reflection in two-dimensional photonic crystals

We project a compact T-branch beam splitter with a micron scale using a two-dimensional （2D） photonic crystal （PC）. For TE polarization, one light beam can be split into two sub-beams along opposite directions. The propagating directions of the two splitting beams remain unchanged when the incident angle varies in a certain range. Coupled-mode theory is used to analyze the truncating interface structure in order to investigate the energy loss of the splitter. Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that choosing an appropriate location of the truncating interface （PC-air interface） is very important for obtaining high efficiency due to the effect of defect modes. The most advantage of this kind of beam splitter is being fabricated and integrated easily.

Photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals

We examine the spin-orbit interaction of light and photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of anisotropic two- dimensional atomic crystals. As an example, the photonic spin Hall effect on the surface of black phosphorus is investigated. The photonic spin Hall effect manifests itseff as the spin-dependent beam shifts in both transverse and in-plane directions. We demonstrate that the spin-dependent shifts are sensitive to the orientation of the optical axis, doping concentration, and interband transitions. These results can be extensively extended to other anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals. By incorporating the quantum weak measurement techniques, the photonic spin Hall effect holds great promise for detecting the parameters of anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals.

Three-dimensional photonic crystals containing designed defects achieved with two-photon photopolymerization

Two-photon photopolymerization （TPP） with femtosecond laser is a promising method to fabricate threedimensional （3D） photonic crystals （PCs）. Based on the TPP principle, the micro-fabrication system has been built. The 3D woodpile PCs with rod space of 2000 nm are fabricated easily and different defects are introduced in order to form the cross-waveguide and the micro-laser structure PCs. Simulation results of the optical field intensity distributions using finite-difference time domain （FDTD） method are given, which support the designs and implementation of the PC of two types in theory.

Investigation of one-dimensional Si/SiO_2 photonic crystals for thermophotovoltaic filter

The spectral control is widely incorporated with the thermophotovoltaic (TPV) technology to improve the optical-electric conversion efficiency of the whole sys- tem. In order to match with GaSb photovoltaic cell, an 8-layer one-dimensional photonic crystals (PC) filter structure was designed as quarter-wave periodic structure by selecting silicon (Si) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) as candidate materials. The multilayer Si/SiO2 structure was developed for the matching filter to simulta- neously realize the optimal matching with the spectral distribution of the high temperature emitter and the quantum efficiency of GaSb cell. The physical vapor deposition (PVD) method was used to fabricate the optical filter and the normal incidence optical property of the filter was measured within the spectral range from 0.7 to 3.3 μm. These experimental data were used to predict the spectral control performance in a TPV system. Finally, temperature performance experiments were carried out to establish its withstanding performance in high temperature envi- ronment.

壬基酚分子印迹二维光子晶体水凝胶传感器

以聚苯乙烯二维光子晶体为模板,壬基酚(NP)为印迹分子,甲醇为溶剂,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂(EGDMA),2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮(DEAP)为引发剂,经紫外光引发聚合,得到了可特异性识别壬基酚的分子印迹二维光子水凝胶传感器.通过测量德拜衍射环直径(D)的变化(ΔD)来判断传感器的响应性能.实验结果表明,在壬基酚溶液中,水凝胶的体积膨胀导致凝胶中光子晶体的粒子间距增大,德拜衍射环直径减小.随着溶液中NP的浓度从0增加到1×10^(-5)mol/L,德拜衍射环的直径减小了8.0 mm,相应的光子晶体的颗粒间距增加了25.1 nm.在1×10^(-13)~1×10^(-8)mol/L范围内,德拜衍射环直径的变化与壬基酚浓度的对数值(lgc)呈线性关系,制备的传感器检出限低至1×10^(-13)mol/L,具有较高的灵敏度、良好的特异性识别能力和稳定的可重复利用性,并且可以实现对壬基酚的可视化检测.

三维光子晶体结构色材料的制备与应用研究进展

三维光子晶体是指折射率不同的材料在三维空间呈周期性排列的结构。由于三维光子晶体结构形成的结构色材料具有颜色明艳,制备过程简易方便、生态环保等优点,近年来受到了广泛关注,在装饰、防伪、光催化、汽车涂料、纺织等领域展示出巨大潜力。文中主要综述了三维光子晶体结构生色材料制备与应用方面的研究进展,包括单分散胶体粒子和单分散复合胶体粒子的合成与组装,讨论了该类材料的应用现状,提出了目前存在的一些问题与发展方向。

一维函数光子晶体的界面态

利用传输矩阵法,给出一维函数型组合结构光子晶体的匹配矩阵和传输矩阵,在此基础上研究一维函数光子晶体的界面态,并研究折射率端点值、介质厚度和入射角对界面态位置的影响.结果表明:在总阻抗虚部为0的位置出现界面态;对函数介质,当折射率的起始端点值增加时,界面态位置随带隙红移;当折射率的终点值增加时,界面态位置随带隙红移;当介质厚度增大时,界面态位置随带隙红移;当入射角增加时,界面态位置随带隙蓝移.因此函数型光子晶体可调节界面态的位置.

基于布洛赫表面波的有机薄膜方向性发光性能

布洛赫表面波(BSW)是光场局域在光子晶体表面层并沿着表面传播的一种电磁模式。本文在一维光子晶体上制备了PS∶C545T有机发光层,观察到了有机小分子C545T的激子耦合进BSW模式的荧光。通过对半球透镜耦合输出光斑的发光性能研究,分析比较了C545T的常规发光和BSW模式发光的不同特点。结果表明,BSW模式耦合输出环形的光斑,其荧光具有很窄的空间分布、线偏振和光谱角度可调的特性,并与常规辐射模式的光斑明显分离。一维光子晶体上的发光薄膜的辐射跃迁速率存在各向异性的现象,其中BSW模式的荧光具有更快的辐射跃迁速率。利用BSW的上述发光特点有助于开发具有一定方向性的偏振发光器件。

一维光子晶体带边态模式调控的胶体量子点发光性能

一维光子晶体(1DPC)是人工构造的周期性光学介电结构,1DPC可以对发光物质进行调控的主要手段包括缺陷态模式调控以及带边态模式调控。1DPC带边态模式中存在较大的光子态密度,因此可以有效地调节材料的发光性能。本文研究了1DPC的带边态模式对在其表面涂附的胶体量子点(CQD)薄膜发光性能的影响。通过使用不同的CQD材料、不同的表面薄膜厚度、不同观测角度等手段对样品的发光特性进行了研究。结果表明,1DPC带边态模式可以有效调控位于表面层的CQD的发光特性,有效地增强CQD薄膜的荧光发射强度、窄化发射线宽。经1DPC带边态模式调控的CQD材料具有更快的荧光辐射跃迁速率。利用1DPC对CQD材料发光性能的影响有助于优化设计的器件结构,从而大幅提升发光器件的性能。

基于二维光子晶体的四通道滤波器设计

为实现光电信息器件的高集成度和高效输出,提高光电信息处理能力,设计了一种基于二维光子晶体的四通道滤波器,根据4个点缺陷微腔与线缺陷波导耦合原理,引入反射异质结并调整微腔与反射结的距离,提高输出效率,对滤波器1403、1426、1449、1508 nm四波长的波分复用功能进行仿真。仿真结果表明:该器件可实现高效传输,四波长透射率均超过95%,插入损耗均小于0.23 dB,通道间串扰均小于-8.7 dB。

PNDC-b-PNTPE自组装制备兼具结构色和荧光色的薄膜

设计合成了含有聚集诱导发光四苯乙烯基的大位阻单体四苯乙烯基降冰片烯(NTPE),通过NTPE与含有双癸烷基的树状单体对苯二甲酸癸烷苯酯基降冰片烯(NDC)的顺序开环易位聚合(ROMP)制备具有聚集诱导发光性质的大位阻树状嵌段聚合物(PNDC-b-PNTPE).利用薄膜自组装制备了兼具结构色和荧光色的一维光子晶体薄膜.结果表明,PNDC-b-PNTPE在四氢呋喃(THF)中随着溶剂的挥发而快速自组装成为蓝色的一维光子晶体薄膜,其最大反射波长(λ_(max))为443 nm.一维光子晶体薄膜的横截面扫描电子显微镜照片表明,PNDC-bPNTPE组装为周期为133 nm的层状结构.荧光发射光谱分析结果表明,一维光子晶体薄膜在368 nm波长紫外光的激发下能够发射最大波长为425 nm的荧光.该兼具结构色和荧光色的薄膜在防伪和显示方面有潜在的应用前景.

基于一维三元光子晶体的全向可调反射器设计

基于一维三元光子晶体(CBA)N结构设计了全向可调反射器,用传输矩阵法对该结构TE和TM两种模式的电磁平面波传输特性进行了研究,分别讨论并得到了在这两种模式电磁波下半导体GaAs厚度、入射角和外部压强等该反射器的结构优化参数。经过理论计算与数值模拟发现,用该结构制成的反射器对TE波与TM波都能产生全向的光子禁带,并且半导体GaAs的介电特性在近红外波段受外部压强调节,为设计该波段压强调控的全向反射器提供了理论依据。