Temperature distribution of fluids in a two-section two-phase closed thermosyphon wellbore

Compared with a conventional single section two-phase closed thermosyphon （TPCT） wellbore, a two-section TPCT wellbore has better heat transfer performance, which may improve the temperature distribution of fluid in wellbores, increase the temperature of fluid in wellheads and even more effectively reduce the failure rate of conventional TPCT wellbores. Heat transfer performance of two-section TPCT wellbores is affected by working medium, combination mode and oil flow rate. Different working media are introduced into the upper and lower TPCTs, which may achieve a better match between the working medium and the temperature field in the wellbores. Interdependence exists between the combination mode and the flow rate of the oil, which affects the heat transfer performance of a two-section TPCT wellbore. The experimental results show that a two-section TPCT wellbore, with equal upper and lower TPCTs respectively filled with Freon and methanol, has the best heat transfer performance when the oil flow rate is 200 L/h.

Widely Tunable Two-Section Directly Modulated DBR Lasers for TWDM-PON System

Wavelength tunable and directly modulated distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） lasers with butt-joint technology are designed, fabricated and characterized. The DBR laser consists of a gain section and a DBR section. To increase the electrical isolation between the gain section and the DBR section, parts of a p-doped material in the isolation region are etched off selectively. Over 2kΩ isolation resistance is realized ultimately without the need of ion implantation, which simplifies the fabrication process. The laser exhibits high speed modulation with a large tunable range. The 3dB direct modulation bandwidth of the device is over 8GHz in a 12nm tunable range. This widely tunable DBR laser with the simple structure is promising as a colorless light source for the next-generation time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network （TWDM-PON） systems.

Long-term ultrastable frequency dissemination via a 50-km spooled fiber link using a two-section DFB laser

The stable long-distance transmission of radio-frequency(RF)signals holds significant importance from various aspects,including the comparison of optical frequency standards,remote monitoring and control,scientific research and experiments,and RF spectrum management.We demonstrate a scheme where an ultrastable frequency signal was transmitted over a 50 km coiled fiber.The optical RF signal is generated using a two-section distributed feedback(DFB)laser for direct modulation based on the reconstruction equivalent chirp(REC)technique.The 3-dB modulation bandwidth of the two-section DFB laser is 18 GHz and the residual phase noise of-122.87 dBc/Hz is achieved at 10-Hz offset frequency.We report a short-term stability of 1.62×10^(-14)at an average time of 1 s and a long-term stability of 6.55×10^(-18)at the measurement time of 62,000 s when applying current to the front section of the DFB laser.By applying power to both sections,the stability of the system improves to 4.42×10^(-18)within a testing period of 56,737 s.Despite applying temperature variations to the transmission link,long-term stability of 8.63×10^(-18)at 23.9 h can still be achieved.

Design and evaluation of a two-section canopy shaker with variable frequency for mechanical harvesting of citrus

Canopy shaking is one of the most commonly used techniques for mechanical harvesting of citrus fruits in orange juice industry.However,tree damage and low harvesting efficiency are the top concerns of growers in adopting the existing harvesting equipment on a large scale.The purpose of this research was to develop a novel canopy shaking system to minimize tree damage and maximize fruit removal for mechanical citrus harvesting.In this study,a two-section canopy shaker composing of top and bottom shaking systems mounted on two rotating drums was proposed and developed.It was configured with two sets of flexible bow-shaped shaking rods in a staggered distribution,which can shake the top and bottom zones of the tree canopy independently.The shaking system was designed based on a linked crank-rocker mechanism.Kinematic simulation analysis was conducted to verify the quick return characteristics and differential properties of this mechanism.Vibration test showed that the frequency of the shaking rod could be adjusted within a range of 1.1-8.8 Hz related to hydraulic motor speeds.The field tests of the shaking system with an average frequency of 4.7 Hz achieved a fruit removal percentage of 82.6%and tree damage rate of 5.4%under a tractor speed of 3 km/h.By contrast,the combined shaking frequency of 4.7 Hz&4.1 Hz of the canopy shaker produced less tree damage with a percentage of 3.9%.This study indicated that the two-section canopy shaker with an optimized frequency combination could be adaptable to the different zones of the tree canopy,and obtain lower tree damage and higher fruit removal percentage.

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave dual-frequency LIDAR based on a monolithic integrated two-section DFB laser

We demonstrate a high-resolution frequency-modulated continuous-wave dual-frequency LIDAR system based on a monolithic integrated two-section(TS) distributed feedback(DFB) laser. In order to achieve phase locking of the two lasers in the TS-DFB laser, the sideband optical injection locking technique is employed. A high-quality linear frequency-modulated signal is achieved from the TS-DFB laser. Utilizing the proposed LIDAR system, the distance and velocity of a target can be measured accurately. The maximum relative errors of distance and velocity measurement are 1.6% and 3.18%, respectively.

Wavelength Tuning in the Two-Section Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser Fabricatedby Quantum-Well Intermixing

The two-section tunable ridge waveguide distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers fabricated by strained In xGa1-xAsyP1-y The threshold current of the laser is 51mA. The tunable range of the laser is 3.2nm and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is more than 38dB.

Simulation and experimental characterization of a dual-mode two-section amplified feedback laser with mode separation over 100 GHz

A tunable two-section amplified feedback laser, which employs an amplifier section as the integrated feedback cavity, is designed and fabricated for dual-mode operation with mode separation of 100 GHz. Detailed simulations and experimental characterizations on the performance of the laser are presented. Promising dual-mode emission with continuous tuning range over 16 GHz（87.41–103.64 GHz） is experimentally demonstrated.

The effects of current density ratio and reflectivity on the gain,saturation and noise characteristics of a two-section MQW RSOA

A 1.3μm two-section multi-quantum well refective semiconductor optical amplifier is designed and fabricated. The impacts of injection current density ratio and the reflectivity of the reflective facet on gain, sat- uration and noise characteristics are studied theoretically and experimentally. The results indicate that the gain and saturation power can be easily manipulated by changing the current density ratio; and better gain and noise characteristics can be obtained when the reflectivity is appropriately selected.

Study of two-section composite chain of beads under vertical vibration

We investigated the dynamic properties of a two-section composite chain of beads under vertical vibration.By analyzing the chain's motion,including phase-shift,mean dilation,center-of-mass displacement,and energy,we found that with different bead arrangements,the chain behaved in different ways.We believe that interaction existing at the interface between bead sections provides the underlying cause.This interaction causes different energy in different arrangements,which leads to different dynamic characteristics.

基于正余弦分解的两分段自适应非局部均值滤波方法

为解决包裹相位图中存留的散斑噪声问题,文中提出了一种基于正余弦分解的两分段自适应非局部均值滤波方法。该方法通过两次改进衰减参数的大小和相似性度量的方式实现了算法的自适应化。利用该方法对包裹相位图的正余弦分量去噪,去噪后利用反正切运算获取干净的包裹相位,对该相位进行解包裹运算。实验和仿真结果表明,所提方法既有效去除了包裹相位图中的噪声,也保留了相位图中的边缘信息。相比于分别使用SCA(Sine Cosine Algorithm)方法和BM3D(Block-Matching and 3D filtering)方法,通过所提方法去噪后的图像等效视数(Equivalent Number of Looks,ENL)最大,散斑抑制指数(Speckle Suppression Index,SSI)最小,且均方误差提升了约两倍,说明所提方法有效去除了包裹相位中的噪声,提高了相位解包裹的精度。

双自由度D形截面柱体流致振动的二维数值模拟

本文研究了D形截面柱体在顺流向和横流向两个自由度下的流致振动特性,迎流角为90°,质量比为2.6,雷诺数为370~3685,应用RANS方程采用SST k-ω湍流模型和Newmark-β法求解水流运动和柱体运动,入口流速采用匀加速法,检验了数值模型的网格和时间步长敏感性,并与相关文献的实验结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的可靠性。基于计算结果,系统分析了D形截面柱体的振幅、振动频率、水动力系数、尾涡脱落模式,以及平均位置偏移情况。结果表明,双自由度D形截面柱体在约化速度为8~14的区间内表现为涡激振动-驰振模式,尾涡多为2S和S+2S交替脱落,双自由度振幅比单自由度有显著的增大。升力主要偏向截面的直线边一侧,且升力出现了多个倍频。横流向和顺流向平均偏移量最大都可达到一倍特征长度以上。

基于连续能量蒙特卡罗的快中子反应堆均匀化截面计算方法研究

快堆确定论两步法通常由组件均匀化截面计算和堆芯扩散/输运计算共同组成,已广泛应用于快堆工程设计与分析领域。基于连续能量精细几何的蒙特卡罗均匀化截面计算方法可为先进快堆提供高精度均匀化群常数。本文简要综述了蒙特卡罗生成的均匀化截面与堆芯扩散/输运计算结合的发展现状与技术趋势。介绍了蒙特卡罗体积通量均匀化方法和超级均匀化等效修正方法,提出了蒙特卡罗通量矩均匀化方法。以MET-1000金属燃料快堆数值对标为例,针对堆芯扩散计算,对控制棒使用超级均匀化等效修正方法,将堆芯扩散计算的控制棒价值高估从13.5%减小到0.35%,并提高了功率分布预测精度;针对堆芯输运计算,定量解析了误差原因,提出了蒙特卡罗通量矩均匀化方法,可减小MET-1000堆芯输运计算的反应性误差698 pcm。本文中适用于快堆扩散及堆芯输运计算的蒙特卡罗均匀化截面生成方法针对先进非均匀布置快堆、小型快堆等新型堆芯,与不同堆芯求解器的结合有待进一步发展与验证。同时,蒙特卡罗生成快堆均匀化截面还有许多问题需要深入研究,如不连续因子修正、基模修正、历史效应处理方法等。

长江上游典型碍航滩段航道整治数学模型及船舶仿真模拟研究

长江是重要的航运通道,碍航滩段对船舶安全航行造成严重影响,以长江涪陵至丰都老虎梁河段为研究对象,基于实测的水文地形资料,采用二维水流数学模型,对典型滩段的碍航特性、整治参数、整治方案进行了研究。基于二维水流数学模型及船舶操纵模拟,对整治方案的效果进行了评估,并确定窄深型挖槽方案为最优整治方案,为消除通航瓶颈、保障船舶安全和航道畅通提供技术支撑。

应用屏栅电离室测量^(16)O(n,α)^(13)C反应的模拟研究

基于Geant4建立了一套利用屏栅电离室测量^(16)O(n,α)^(13)C反应的模拟方法,能预测不同入射中子能量、不同屏栅电离室结构、不同工作气体和样品参数等实验条件下屏栅电离室测量到的阴极-阳极幅度2维谱。为了验证该模拟方法的可靠性,在北京大学4.5 MV静电加速器上开展了实验,实验所用的中子能量为5.06 MeV,工作气体为0.3 MPa的Ar与体积分数为3.45%CO 2组成的混合气体(其中的氧作为待测样品)。实验测得了屏栅电离室的阴极阳极幅度2维谱,且模拟与实验结果吻合较好。基于此模拟方法提出了一套实验条件的优化方案,可为下一步在宽能区精确测量^(16)O(n,α)^(13)C反应截面提供参考。

平衡位移电流技术在中央空调的应用

为解决中央空调在通讯中的噪音问题,本文分析通讯回路和开关电源回路的原理,得到中央空调基板初次级之间的Y电容会形成共模干扰,造成通讯噪音。为去除Y电容,基于开关电源电磁兼容性(electromagnetic compatibility,EMC)技术,采用平衡位移电流技术和双维度黄金分割法,在不改变电路架构的情况下,完成了中央空调基板去Y电容的技术升级迭代,基板上的EMC解决方案由原来的被动滤波变成了主动降噪。

综放面“双硬”煤层临空煤柱宽度及承载强度校核

具有“双硬”特征煤层的工作面其护巷煤柱的极限尺寸确定与常规工作面有所不同。以榆树岭煤矿505工作面沿空掘进巷道为背景,首先测试了煤岩样的力学性质和不同高径比煤样的抗压强度,得到了不同高径比煤样峰值强度曲线;其次分析了沿空掘巷覆岩结构模型,建立了沿空掘巷护巷煤柱顶板力学模型,得到了不同宽度煤柱所受的载荷应力;建立了不同高宽比煤柱的数值模型,得到了不同高宽比煤柱的极限强度校核公式;最后通过对比不同宽度煤柱所受的载荷应力和极限强度,得出4m宽度的煤柱即可满足支护要求,并在此基础上提出了沿空掘进巷道支护工艺。现场监测结果表明,煤柱宽度为4m时,巷道整体变形量较小,巷道稳定性得到有效维护。研究结果可为小煤柱护巷宽度的确定提供参考。

“一体两翼三段”双师同堂教学模式构建与应用

近年来,双师教学作为一种新型的教学模式,对于以老带新、以新促老,形成研修共同体有着重要的指导意义和应用价值。文章基于二外日语课程,探讨“一体两翼三段”双师教学模式的构建与应用实践。该模式以学生为主体,双师(熟手教师与新手教师)为两翼,分为课前协同备课、课中分工教学、课后反馈交流三阶段的互动及流程,通过发挥双师的协同合作调动学生的主动性,达到“成长教师,成就学生”的双重目标,并深入分析以二外日语为案例的双师同堂教学模式与互动策略。

两翼对角式通风系统费用现值法优化

为分析矿井通风系统在运营周期内的经济性,建立通风系统技术经济指标体系,分析单条回风井在固定风量下的技术经济特征和两翼对角式通风系统在不同风量分配方案下的技术经济特征.结果表明:通风系统阻力、风机功率、回风井风速、风机购置费和年运营电费随回风井断面面积增加而线性减小,基建费、年检修费随回风井断面面积增加而线性增加;回风井前期投入随回风井断面面积增加而增加,后期运营成本随回风井断面面积增加而减小;回风井费用现值随回风井巷道断面面积增加依次存在递减区间和递增区间,存在最小值;回风井应以经济断面和经济风速作为回风井建设方案;根据通风系统中回风井风量分配方案不同时费用现值不同,将风量合理分配到两翼回风井再确定回风井经济断面等参数,有利于提高通风系统经济性.

中山香山大桥主桥主梁结构设计

中山香山大桥主桥为双层钢桁梁公路斜拉桥,跨径布置为(136+312+880+312+136)m。桥塔采用人字形混凝土塔,下设整体式钻孔灌注桩;斜拉索采用∅7 mm高强度锌-铝合金镀层平行钢丝索;约束体系采用带纵向阻尼器的半飘浮体系。主梁采用2片N形主桁的钢桁梁结构,桁宽42.2 m,标准梁段桁高2.8 m。上、下弦杆和腹杆均采用带加劲肋的箱形截面,横梁均采用鱼腹式。边跨187.2 m范围内下层桥面采用混凝土桥面板起压重作用,其余上、下层桥面板均采用正交异性钢桥面板。下层纵向钢-混结合段位于辅助墩往跨中第4个节段,距辅助墩51.2 m,设置承压板、支撑加劲肋、预应力钢束、剪力钉和PBL板;横向钢-混结合段位于下层行车道两侧钢桥面板和混凝土桥面板之间(距下弦杆2.2 m处),设置剪力钉、PBL板和1.3 m宽UHPC后浇段。采用有限元软件进行全桥整体受力分析及桥面板局部分析,结果表明:结构满足规范要求。主梁采用大节段整体吊装施工,标准吊装节段长度为25.6 m,节段间除钢桥面板和弦杆顶板采用焊接外,其余均采用高强度螺栓连接。

卷烟承运标段划分模型研究

面对卷烟需求频次高、批量小,订单碎片化的趋势,合理的承运标段划分方法不仅有利于平衡各承运商的实际收益,也有利于提高拼车配载的可能性,从而降低运输成本。本文以最小化全部标段内部的需求点遍历路程之和为优化目标建立模型。在此基础上,本文提出了一种双层算法对模型进行求解,上层采用聚类方法获取具有较高可行性的初始解;下层基于边缘交换算法通过迭代对初始解进行优化,从而得到近似最优解。最后,本文以A中烟公司为例,在其近两年的订单量历史数据基础上进行了案例分析,验证了所提出模型与解决方法的有效性。