Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Solid-Liquid Two-Step Film Formation

A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells.The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs.In this work,we adopted a solid-liquid two-step film formation technique,which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films.This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods,which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform,large-area perovskite film.Furthermore,modification of the NiO_(x)/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization.As a result,a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains,fewer pinholes,and reduced defects could be achieved.The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm^(2)(10×10 cm^(2)substrate)achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56%and significantly improved stability.This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.

A new two-step variational model for multiplicative noise removal with applications to texture images

Multiplicative noise removal problems have attracted much attention in recent years.Unlike additive noise,multiplicative noise destroys almost all information of the original image,especially for texture images.Motivated by the TV-Stokes model,we propose a new two-step variational model to denoise the texture images corrupted by multiplicative noise with a good geometry explanation in this paper.In the first step,we convert the multiplicative denoising problem into an additive one by the logarithm transform and propagate the isophote directions in the tangential field smoothing.Once the isophote directions are constructed,an image is restored to fit the constructed directions in the second step.The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the variational problems are proved.In these two steps,we use the gradient descent method and construct finite difference schemes to solve the problems.Especially,the augmented Lagrangian method and the fast Fourier transform are adopted to accelerate the calculation.Experimental results show that the proposed model can remove the multiplicative noise efficiently and protect the texture well.

Two-step growth of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) on c-plane sapphire using MOCVD for solar-blind photodetector

In this work,a two-step metal organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)method was applied for growingβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) film on c-plane sapphire.Optimized buffer layer growth temperature(T_(B))was found at 700℃ and theβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) film with full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 0.66°was achieved.A metal−semiconductor−metal(MSM)solar-blind photodetector(PD)was fabricated based on theβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) film.Ultrahigh responsivity of 1422 A/W@254 nm and photo-to-dark current ratio(PDCR)of 10^(6) at 10 V bias were obtained.The detectivity of 2.5×10^(15) Jones proved that the photodetector has outstanding performance in detecting weak signals.Moreover,the photodetector exhibited superior wavelength selectivity with rejection ratio(R_(250 nm)/R_(400 nm))of 105.These results indicate that the two-step method is a promising approach for preparation of high-qualityβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)films for high-performance solar-blind photodetectors.

Effect of two-step solid solution on microstructure andδphase precipitation of Inconel 718 alloy

Inconel 718 is the most popular nickel-based superalloy and is extensively used in aerospace,automotive,and energy indus-tries owing to its extraordinary thermomechanical properties.The effects of different two-step solid solution treatments on microstructure andδphase precipitation of Inconel 718 alloy were studied,and the transformation mechanism fromγ″metastable phase toδphase was clarified.The precipitates were statistically analyzed by X-ray diffractometry.The results show that theδphase content firstly increased,and then decreased with the temperature of the second-step solid solution.The changes in microstructure andδphase were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.An intragranularδphase formed in Inconel 718 alloy at the second-[100]_(δ)[011]γ step solid solution temperature of 925℃,and its orientation relationship withγmatrix was determined as//and(010)_(δ)//(111)γ.Furthermore,the Vickers hardness of different heat treatment samples was measured,and the sample treated by second-step solid solution at 1010℃ reached the maximum hardness of HV 446.84.

Discussion on the Application of Technical and Tactical Skills in Mixed Martial Arts Competitions

This article mainly analyzes the application of technical and tactical skills in mixed martial arts competitions,including mixed martial arts and its competition characteristics,the main application significance of technical and tactical skills in mixed martial arts competitions,and its primary application strategies.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some guidelines for the appropriate application of mixed martial arts athletes’technical and tactical skills to improve their winning rate in mixed martial arts competitions.

Two-step strategy—conjunctival flap covering surgery combined with secondary deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of high-risk fungal keratitis

AIM:To investigate whether the two-step strategy[conjunctival flap covering surgery(CFCS)combined with secondary deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK)]is effective for patients with high-risk fungal keratitis(FK).METHODS:In this noncomparative,retrospective case series,10 subjects(6 males,4 females)with a mean age of 56.5±7.1(range 47-72)y with high-risk FK undergone the two-step strategy were included.Reported outcome measures were healing of the corneal ulcer,recurrence of FK,reject reaction,improvement in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and relevant complications.RESULTS:The average diameter of corneal infiltrates was 7.50±0.39 mm,ranging from 6.94 to 8.13 mm.The mean depth of corneal infiltrates was 422.4±77.1μm,ranging from 350 to 535μm.The mean corneal thickness was 597.4±117.3μm,ranging from 458 to 851μm.Hypopyon and endothelial plaques were presented in all patients.The period between the two steps was 3.65±0.9(ranging from 3 to 5)mo.The graft diameter was 7.75±0.39 mm.At the last follow-up(average 9.25±3.39,ranging from 5.5 to 17mo),no fungal recurrence or graft rejection appeared,and all patients showed improvement of BCVA.One patient suffered from liver function impairment due to oral voriconazole for 4wk and recovered spontaneously after 1wk of drug withdrawal.CONCLUSION:The two-step strategy is safe and effective in the treatment of high-risk FK by transforming intentional therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty during acute infection to later optical DALK.It is a practical strategy,especially in areas lacking fresh donor corneas and eye bank services.

Intensified shape selectivity and alkylation reaction for the two-step conversion of methanol aromatization to p-xylene

Two-step conversion of methanol to aromatics via light hydrocarbons can significantly improve the conversion stability compared with direct aromatization of methanol,but it remains a challenge to achieve a high p-xylene(PX)selectivity.Herein,silica coating was firstly used to passivate external acid sites of ZSM-5 catalyst for the aromatization of light hydrocarbons by the chemical liquid deposition method.With the increase of SiO_(2) deposition,the density of the external acid sites of the catalyst was decreased from 0.1 to 0.03 mmol·g^(-1),which inhibited the surface secondary reactions and increased the PX/X from 34.6% to 60.0%.In view of the fact that the aromatization process in the second step was partly inhibited as methanol was consumed in advance in the upper methanol-to-light hydrocarbons catalyst layer,part of methanol was directly introduced into the lower aromatization catalyst layer to promote the alkylation process during the aromatization,which decreased the toluene selectivity from 34.5% to 14.3% but increased the xylene selectivity from 40.0%to 55.3%.It was also found that an appropriate external acid density was needed for aromatization catalyst to strengthen the alkylation process and improve the selectivity of xylene under the conditions of methanol introduction.

Multicriteria game approach to air-to-air combat tactical decisions for multiple UAVs

Air-to-air combat tactical decisions for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(ACTDMU)are a key decision-making step in beyond visual range combat.Complex influencing factors,strong antagonism and real-time requirements need to be considered in the ACTDMU problem.In this paper,we propose a multicriteria game approach to ACTDMU.This approach consists of a multicriteria game model and a Pareto Nash equilibrium algorithm.In this model,we form the strategy profiles for the integration of air-to-air combat tactics and weapon target assignment strategies by considering the correlation between them,and we design the vector payoff functions based on predominance factors.We propose a algorithm of Pareto Nash equilibrium based on preference relations using threshold constraints(PNE-PRTC),and we prove that the solutions obtained by this algorithm are refinements of Pareto Nash equilibrium solutions.The numerical experiments indicate that PNE-PRTC algorithm is considerably faster than the baseline algorithms and the performance is better.Especially on large-scale instances,the Pareto Nash equilibrium solutions can be calculated by PNEPRTC algorithm at the second level.The simulation experiments show that the multicriteria game approach is more effective than one-side decision approaches such as multiple-attribute decision-making and randomly chosen decisions.

A two-step correction of a congenital alar cleft in an adult patient:A case report

This report describes a two-step surgical correction of an isolated left-sided congenital alar cleft in a 21-year-old male patient presenting with a 9×6.5 mm^(2)-sized cleft.Malformations of the alar structure and displacement of the lower lateral cartilage were observed.All flaps survived,and the patient was completely satisfied with the surgical results.This surgical treatment is simple and reliable,can greatly improve the nasal appearance of patients with alar clefts,and may be an alternative to the current surgical treatment.

The Research on the Psychological Tactic of Covering the Dagger With a Smile

Thirty-Six Stratagems is one of the most important military works of ancient China.As the name of the book,it totally includes 36 stratagems that can be used in many different fields such as military,business,and politics.Covering the dagger with a smile is one of the most common ones in these stratagems.At the same time,it is the most insidious one.As a kind of psychological tactic,it usually acts as the secret weapon of the weak.Though this stratagem should not be seen as a kind of predominant strategy,it is still worth being researched deeply,because knowing more about this psychological tactic will offer a good reference for the researchers of ancient art of war.

职业院校产业学院的治理之困、逻辑指向与优化策略

产业学院是职业院校主动对接国家战略性新兴产业和区域主导产业发展需求,多主体联合共建、产教融合与科教融汇特征明显的实体学院。由于缺乏具体的政策引导、清晰的功能界定和成熟的范式借鉴,职业院校在产业学院治理实践中,在概念、主体、运行、发展等方面存在诸多困境,这限制了产业学院应有价值的发挥,职业院校需要在明晰建设逻辑的基础上,以人才发展和技术创新织牢主体间的利益链,以利益机制保障长期运行,以契约治理构建明晰的权责体系,以多元协同形成高效的治理体系,进一步优化产业学院的建设策略。

公共文化学科构建的理论支撑与发展思考

我国公共文化事业进入高质量发展的历史新时期,学科建设是推进公共文化理论创新和实践创新的重要抓手。本研究首先从时代背景、学术环境和现实需求出发,阐述构建公共文化学科的政治意义、理论意义和实践意义;其次提出公共文化学科的理论支撑有公共文化传播理论、公共文化梯度理论、公共文化空间理论、公共文化数智理论;最后,指出公共文化学科应以图书馆学、文化学为基础,要加强应用理论研究,将学科建设融入人才培养体系,以期为中国特色公共文化学科建设提供构想、描绘愿景。

医学生思想政治学科核心素养培育教学策略研究

医学生是未来触摸人身体的人,肩负着健康中国建设的重要使命。加强医学生思想政治学科核心素养培养课程教学研究,全面提升医学生的职业道德和法治核心素养,以学生喜闻乐见的方式展现课程教学内容,可有效提升学生的政治认同、职业精神、法治意识、健全人格和公共参与学科核心素养能力和水平。且为学生职业生涯发展和走好以后人生路提供有效思想道德法治保障,为康养产业发展提供可靠人才保障。文章围绕医学生学科核心素养培育,提出改进课程教学的应对之道。

舰载直升机战术原理交互式可视化仿真系统构建研究

舰载直升机战术运用课程,对水面舰艇航空指挥人才培养目标具有重要支撑作用。针对舰载直升机战术原理教学中所面临的挑战,构建了舰载直升机战术原理交互式可视化仿真系统,阐述了舰载直升机战术原理交互式可视化的内涵,并以“舰载直升机航空鱼雷对潜攻击”为例,说明了系统的设计、实现及应用。实践结果表明,该系统允许学生进行交互式操作,可直观进行攻防态势展示,快速进行战术分析计算,有效进行战术效能评估,符合学生思维认知习惯,加深其对舰载直升机战术原理规律、本质的理解。

战术网络中基于资源负载均衡和服务优先级的业务调度策略

针对战术网络环境的多样化业务和网络异构性、高动态特性导致的网络负载易失衡的问题,提出了一种基于资源负载均衡和服务优先级的业务调度策略。通过所承载业务类型的优先级感知,基于通信网络当时可用资源等约束,将业务按需调度到战术通信网络的通信资源池,达到通信网络的自动负载均衡和资源可靠合理利用,提高业务服务质量,并保证高优先级业务可靠传输。通过仿真,验证了该策略算法可大大提高网络吞吐量和资源利用效率。

安全Wi-Fi_(6)在军事和应急场景中的应用研究

Wi-Fi技术的跨越式发展,为其在军事和应急场景中应用的深入研究提供了新动能。首先分析了开展安全Wi-Fi_(6)在军事和应急场景中应用研究的背景与契机,包括各国政策布局、网络现代化助力作用、技术发展背景和优势;其次提出Wi-Fi安全机制和安全防护方案,深入分析梳理当前WLAN安全机制WAPI存在的安全问题,提出了相关的补强重点和方案措施;最后分析了安全Wi-Fi_(6)在战术通信、应急通信和军营移动办公等典型军事应用场景的应用方式。通过对安全Wi-Fi_(6)应用场景的分析,为安全Wi-Fi技术在军事和应急场景中的应用指明了新方向。

RCEP背景下广西跨境电商高质量发展策略

随着RCEP生效实施,中国与RCEP成员国经贸合作不断深化,跨境电商市场发展迅速,为广西跨境电商带来了空前发展机遇。深入分析RCEP生效背景下广西跨境电商发展现状以及面临的机遇与挑战,提出了广西跨境电商高质量发展的对策建议,为广西开拓RCEP成员国跨境电商市场提供借鉴与参考。

依托雷达兵战术专业教室的想定作业课程“四步”教学法

为提高想定作业课程教学效果和人才培养质量,根据指挥专业毕业期班学员特点,提出基于雷达兵战术专业教室的想定作业课程“四步”教学法.该教学法以作战任务为牵引,以雷达兵战术专业教室为支撑,规范了想定作业教学的组织实施流程和方法,提升了信息化教学水平,突出学员核心指挥能力的培养.教学实践表明,该教学法效果明显,为指挥专业其他课程教学改革提供了借鉴.

天津加快建设国际消费中心城市的价值意蕴、困境和关键策略

本文从国际消费中心城市的内涵及特征出发,分析天津市建设国际消费中心城市的重大价值,结合天津市居民消费水平和现状,指出天津市在建设国际消费中心城市时存在消费性服务业比重偏低,企业自主创新能力不足,居民收入水平偏低以及城乡收入差距增加和营商环境有待优化等现实困境。基于上述问题,提出了提升新兴服务业的比重,加快产业结构转型升级;聚焦本地优质资源,培育消费新平台;加强研发资金投入,建设创新型人才队伍;提高居民收入水平,缩小城乡差距;打造高效透明的政务环境,创造公平开放的市场环境的策略建议,对于天津市加快建设国际消费中心城市具有重要借鉴意义。

全媒体视域下大学生写作能力现状与提升路径研究

全媒体背景下,良好的写作能力俨然成为社会对优秀人才的基本要求。在信息化时代下,社会对人才的要求不断提高,传统的以提高学生专业理论能力为主的教学理念已无法满足当前的育人需求。为满足社会对人才的需求,提高大学生的应用写作能力至关重要。以提高大学生的应用写作能力为研究对象,通过调查研究与数据分析的方式阐述当前大学生写作能力的现状,并深入剖析其背后隐藏的问题。结合新媒体背景,阐述如何提高大学生的应用写作能力,以期为提高高校写作教学水平提供有价值的参考意见。