Research and Application of Non-symmetrical Roll Bending Control of Cold Rolling Mill

The existing research of the flatness control for strip cold rolling mainly focuses on the calculation of the optimum adjustment of individual flatness actuator in accordance with the flatness deviation, which can be used for general flatness control. However, it does not work for some special rolling processes, such as the elimination of ultra single side edge-waves and the prevention of strip break due to tilting roll control overshooting. For the purpose of solving these problems, the influences of non-symmetrical work roll bending and intermediate roll bending on flatness control were analyzed by studying efficiencies of them. Moreover, impacts of two kinds of non-symmetrical roll bending control on the pressure distribution between rolls were studied theoretically. A non-symmetrical work roll bending model was developed by theoretical analysis in accordance with practical conditions. The model was applied to the revamp of a 1250 6-H reversible universal crown mill (UCM) cold mill. Theoretical study and practical applications show that the coordination utilization of the non-symmetrical work roll bending control and tilting roll control was effective in flatness control when there appeared bad strip single side edge waves, especially when the incoming strip was with a wedge shape. In addition, the risk of strip break due to tilting control overshooting could be reduced. Furthermore, the non-symmetrical roll bending control can reduce the extent of uneven distribution of pressure between rolls caused by intermediate roll shifting in flatness control and slow down roll wear. The non-symmetrical roll bending control technology has important theoretical and practical significance to better flatness control.

Bending stress of rolling element in elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing

A new structure design method of elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing is proposed, in which PTFE is embedded into a hollow cylindrical rolling element, according to the principle of creative combinations and through innovation research on cylindrical roller bearing structure. In order to systematically investigate the inner wall bending stress of the rolling element in elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing, finite element analysis on different elastic composite cylindrical rolling elements was conducted. The results show that, the bending stress of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling increases along with the increase of hollowness with the same filling material. The bending stress of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling element decreases along with the increase of the elasticity modulus of the material under the same physical dimension. Under the same load, on hollow cylindrical rolling element, the maximum bending tensile stress values of the elastic composite cylindrical rolling element after material filling at 0° and 180° are 8.2% and 9.5%, respectively, lower than those of the deep cavity hollow cylindrical rolling element. In addition, the maximum bending-compressive stress value at 90° is decreased by 6.1%.

Preset model of bending force for 6-high reversing cold rolling mill based on genetic algorithm

The hydraulic roll-bending device was studied, which was widely used in modem cold rolling mills to regulate the strip flatness. The loaded roll gap crown mathematic model and the strip crown mathematic model of the reversing cold rolling process were established, and the deformation model of roll stack system of the 6-high 1 250 mm high crown （HC） reversing cold rolling mill was built by slit beam method. The simulation results show that, the quadratic component of strip crown decreases nearly linearly with the increase of the work roll bending force, when the shifting value of intermediate roll is determined by the rolling process. From the first pass to the fifth pass of reversing rolling process, the crown controllability of bending force is gradually weakened. Base on analyzing the relationship among the main factors associated with roll-bending force in reversing multi-pass rolling, such as strip width and rolling force, a preset mathematic model of bending force is developed by genetic algorithm. The simulation data demonstrate that the relative deviation of flatness criterions in each rolling pass is improved significantly and the mean relative deviation of all five passes is decreased from 25.1% to 1.7%. The model can keep good shape in multi-pass reversing cold rolling process with the high prediction accuracy and can be used to guide the production process.

Analysis of bending on the front end of sheet during hot rolling

The analysis of bending in finishing rolling was performed. An asymmetrical rolling force model was established, and the upper and lower neutral points were determined. Thc bending which resulted from the asymmetrical rolling force at the roll gap was studied and related flexibility equations were proposed according to elastic mechanics. Moreover, material mechanics was used to analyze the effects of temperature difference and self-weight on the bending out of the roll gap, and the flexibility equations were constructed. The main factors on bending were summed up, and the bending rule in the rolling could be obtained. In addition practical calculation was made with the production data of ribbon steel from Laiwu Iron ＆ Steel Group Co. Ltd.

Fuzzy Control System of Hydraulic Roll Bending Based on Genetic Neural Network

For nonlinear hydraulic roll bending control, a new fuzzy intelligent control method was proposed based on the genetic neural network. The method taking account of dynamic and static characteristics of control system has settled the problems of recognizing and controlling the unknown, uncertain and nonlinear system successfully, and has been applied to hydraulic roll bending control. The simulation results indicate that the system has good performance and strong robustness, and is better than traditional PID and neural-fuzzy control. The method is an effective tool to control roll bending force with increased dynamic response speed of control system and enhanced tracking accuracy.

A Novel Roll Compensation Method for Two-Axis Transportable Satellite Antennas

Two-axis transportable satellite antennas(TATSAs) have been widely adopted owing to its simple structure and low cost. However, by searching in a wide range, it will take a very long searching time. Under extreme conditions, it will even fail to work. In this paper, we propose a novel roll compensation(RC) method for the low-cost TATSAs to achieve faster tracking even if when the antenna has no azimuth sensor. By analyzing the influence of roll axis on the system performance, details of the compensation method are derived. Simulation and measurement results indicate that the proposed RC method can effectively reduce the initial searching time for satellite communication. In addition, tracking along with the ellipse path with the RC method provides the highest tracking efficiency.

Bending analysis and control of rolled plate during snake hot rolling

In order to study the bending behavior of aluminum alloy 7050 thick plate during snake hot rolling, several coupled thermo-mechanical finite element(FE) models were established. Effects of different initial thicknesses, pass reductions, speed ratios and offset distances on the bending value of the plate were analyzed. ‘Quasi smooth plate' and optimum offset distance were defined and quasi smooth plate could be acquired by adjusting offset distance, and then bending control equation was fitted. The results show that bending value of the plate as well as the extent of the increase grows with the increase of pass reduction and decrease of initial thickness; the bending value firstly increases and then keeps steady with the ascending speed ratio; the bending value can be reduced by enlarging the offset distance. The optimum offset distance varies for different rolling parameters and it is augmented with the increase of pass reduction and speed ratio and the decrease of initial thickness. A proper offset distance for different rolling parameters can be calculated by the bending control equation and this equation can be a guidance to acquire a quasi smooth plate. The FEM results agree well with experimental results.

Bending and Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Fabricated with Canadian Hemlock

In this paper,bending performance and rolling shear properties of crosslaminated timber(CLT)panels made from Canadian hemlock were investigated by varied approaches.Firstly,three groups of bending tests of three-layer CLT panels with different spans were carried out.Different failure modes were obtained:bending failure,rolling shear failure,bonding line failure,local failure of the outer layer and mixed failure mode.Deflection and strain measurements were employed to calculate the global and local modulus of elastic(MOE),compared with the theoretical value.In addition,a modified compression shear testing method was introduced to evaluate the rolling shear strength and modulus,compared with the results from strain measurements in bending shear tests.According to testing results,bonding line failure and rolling shear failure were dominant failure modes in bending tests,and the theoretical value of bending property was beyond the average level of the calculating results obtained from both deflection and strain measurements.In addition,the rolling shear strength and modulus obtained from compression shear tests were relatively smaller than those from bending tests.

Study of the Characteristics of Large-Diameter Iron Bars Obtained by Rolling at the ODHAV Foundry in the Republic of Guinea

This work consists of evaluating the quality of the mechanical parameters of large-diameter steels, i.e. 20, 25, 28 and 32, through a process of recycling scrap metal that fills garages, rubbish dumps, gutters and other abandoned sites, as well as imported concrete reinforcing steel sold in the Republic of Guinea. To carry out this important work, a number of mechanical tensile and bending tests and a microscopic analysis combining two devices, an electron microscope and a photographic camera, were carried out. The samples were taken from sampling areas in the major communes of Conakry, namely: Casse Sonfonia, Matoto and Kagbélen. The tensile strength values of the large dimensions 20, 25, 28 and 32 are given in the tables.

Study on the Interface Bonding and Bending Fatigue Properties of Aluminum Alloy Foam Sandwich

Foam materials have many attractive properties because of their low-weight and cell structure. By sandwiches with an aluminum-foam core, it is possible to obtain higher structural stiffness and rigidity, maintain stability against buckling and additionally make use of the high energy dissipation capability of the bare foams. The most obvious and straightforward one is adhesive bonding of pre-fabricated aluminum foams and metal face sheets. A new manufacture processing is proposed for preparation of aluminum alloy foam sandwich, ie., Al-plate/mixed element powder/ Al-plate are sandwich rolled together by a large reduction in pass, which is then foamed in heating furnace to manufacture end-use product. Aluminum alloy foam sandwich is obtained in this experiment. The experimental results showed that the process of rolling interface belongs to mechanical bonding, whose mechanism is film theory. While interface bonding belong to metallurgy bonding in the process of foaming, Al atom interdiffused in the interface, and no new phase was generated in the foaming process of aluminum face sheet/powders precursor. Bending fatigue test results showed that the bonding force of the foamed sandwich interface is very high, in fatigue test fracture occurred in the whole foam aluminum sandwich panels and Al/foam core interface was not laminated.

冷连轧弯辊力精度改进PSO-SVM预测及补偿分析

为了进一步控制冷连轧弯辊力精度,构建改进PSO-SVM预测模型。利用包含压缩因子的粒子群算法完成支持向量机参数的更高效寻优处理,对回归轧制参数实施反归一化获得弯辊力模型。根据现场实际轧制结果完成预测模型的验证过程。研究结果表明:采用改进PSO-SVM模型获得的预测性能指标在上述优化方法中达到了最低,改进PSO-SVM模型具备最优预测效果。设置可靠补偿后大幅降低了AFC系统工作量,促进了带钢板形效率的显著提升。弯辊力补偿值形成了与弯辊力几乎相同的变化规律,具备优异预测性能。

基于改进的MOGWO高强度钢辊弯成形工艺的多目标优化

为了探究成形参数对高强度钢辊弯件成形质量的影响,并对工艺参数进行优化,提出了一种辊弯成形工艺优化方法。首先,应用LS-DYNA有限元软件模拟LG700高强度钢U型辊弯件的成形过程。然后,通过Box-Behnken响应面设计对高强度钢U型辊弯件进行仿真试验,分析辊弯道次、过弯角、辊站间距和辊缝间距等成形工艺参数以及厚度、法兰高度、圆角半径等几何参数对辊弯件偏差角和纵弓高度的影响,并通过拟合得到偏差角和纵弓高度二者的二阶响应模型。最后,采用改进的多目标灰狼优化(MOGWO)算法对特定尺寸辊弯件进行工艺优化,并通过实例进行验证。结果表明,将优化后的工艺参数用于高强度钢辊弯成形过程中导致其偏差角由0.78°降至0.24°,纵弓高度由1.58 mm降至1.20 mm,成形质量得到提高,满足相关产品的装配精度要求。

拉伸孪晶对AZ31镁合金薄板可轧性和组织性能的影响

通过弯曲限宽矫直工艺在AZ31镁合金薄板中预置了拉伸孪晶,随后对原始板材和预置孪晶板材进行轧制,对比分析了初始组织对板材在轧制过程中的塑性变形协调能力的影响,探索了不同轧制压下量对两种板材的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:弯曲限宽矫直后板材的强度和塑性都得到了提升,轧制后的原始板材剪切变形带较少。在后续的拉伸试验中,在相同压下量下塑性变形能力也明显提升。

龙形轧制轧板的弯曲控制及其对性能影响的研究综述

龙形轧制是一种非对称轧制工艺,通过在异步轧制基础上引入轧辊错位这一新的非对称元素,在增加轧板心部变形量的同时,克服异步轧制导致的轧板弯曲。本文围绕龙形轧制轧板的弯曲控制和其对性能影响的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了新的研究成果并分析了不同研究工作的特点,最后对龙形轧制工艺研究当前存在的主要问题进行了综述,并提出了未来的研究方向。

考虑回弹的水平上调式三辊卷板机卷圆精度研究

为提高卷圆成形精度,建立了不考虑回弹与考虑回弹时水平位移量与卷圆半径之间的理论模型。采用ABAQUS软件建立了卷圆成形有限元模型,并通过实验验证了理论模型及有限元模型的可靠性。基于可靠的有限元模型,研究了材料、摩擦力和板厚对卷圆成形精度的影响规律。研究结果表明,不考虑回弹时实验和仿真的成形半径与目标半径之间的误差分别为31.3%和20.7%。考虑回弹后的误差分别降低至2.2%和1.2%;在相同水平位移量下,材料的屈服强度越高,成形半径越大;摩擦力对成形半径的影响较小;板料越厚,成形半径越小。针对不同材料与不同厚度的板料卷圆成形,考虑回弹时的理论模型能够获得更精确的水平位移量,从而提升卷圆精度。

冷弯薄壁折叠翼缘C形不锈钢构件受弯性能分析

为了在同成本下获得更高效的截面形式,利用ABAQUS对前期六组V形加劲C形截面奥氏体304不锈钢受弯构件建立有限元简化数值分析模型,将得到的结果与试验结果进行了对比验证。对应上述六组受弯构件设计了四组与其用钢量相同,但尺寸分布不同的折叠翼缘不锈钢受弯构件,共24组;探讨了折叠翼缘截面不锈钢受弯构件在四点受弯作用下的构件承载性能,并将其与C形截面不锈钢受弯构件的承载性能进行了对比。利用现有的设计计算方法计算了24组折叠翼缘截面受弯构件的极限承载力,并将其与有限元得到的结果进行了比较。对比发现:相同用钢量的情况下,当折叠翼缘截面腹板高度与斜翼缘在腹板平面内的投影长度值之和较C形截面腹板高度提升12%以上时,折叠翼缘截面不锈钢梁的极限承载性能比C形截面更优异,截面形式更加高效。现有的计算方法计算腹板V形加劲的折叠翼缘受弯构件得到的结果比较理想,误差较小;而对于平翼缘V形加劲且宽度较小的构件,计算得到的结果偏大,不能准确地预测构件的极限承载能力。

2205/Q420/2205蛇形轧制复合变形规律研究

为研究三层不锈钢复合板在不同工艺参数下轧制复合的变形规律,采用ANSYS有限元软件模拟了2205/Q420/2205三层复合板轧制复合过程,研究了同步轧制、同速异径轧制和同速异径蛇形轧制三种不同工艺下,复合板结合界面等效塑性应变和弯曲曲率的变化规律,分析了不同压下率、初始厚度比和错位量对轧后板形的影响规律,并进行了轧制复合实验。研究结果表明,蛇形轧制通过调整错位量,能有效提高轧后板材界面结合强度并降低轧后弯曲。轧后弯曲曲率随着压下率的增大呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。等效塑性应变随着错位量的增加先增大后减小,轧后弯曲曲率随着错位量的增加逐渐降低,这表明通过适当调整错位量可以使轧后板材同时达到优良的结合强度和平直度。

双层金属板材同速异径蛇形轧制复合变形研究

采用ANSYS Multiphysics/LS-DYNA软件对Q345碳钢/NM400耐磨钢复合板轧制复合过程进行了有限元模拟,并开展蛇形轧制实验,验证了所建立有限元模型的准确性。总结了轧辊直径、错位量、摩擦条件和压下量对复合板变形行为的影响,结果表明,其他工艺参数不变条件下,初始辊径和摩擦条件对复合板平直度的影响较大,初始辊径越大和摩擦系数越小,复合板越平直;错位量和压下量对复合板结合面处等效塑性应变的影响较大,错位量适当增大,压下量越大,复合板结合面处变形更充分;轧辊直径对复合板厚度比影响较大,轧辊直径越大,复合板层厚比越大。其中蛇形轧制错位量的调整可同时实现对板材厚度比、等效塑性应变和弯曲曲率的正向调控,证明了可以通过调整蛇形轧制的错位量获得形性兼优的金属复合板。

三次渗碳体和游离渗碳体对低碳钢弯曲性能的影响

生产和使用中发生了两起低碳钢产品弯曲开裂:SPHC钢异形门框弯曲开裂和Q195钢热镀锌C形钢弯曲开裂。对开裂的异形门框和C形钢进行了宏观检验、金相检验和断口分析,并对热镀锌在线退火工艺进行了模拟试验。结果表明:低碳钢中的三次渗碳体和游离渗碳体与基体之间易形成孔隙和微裂纹,降低钢的弯曲性能,在弯曲力的作用下钢发生开裂;热镀锌SPHC和Q195钢带中的渗碳体来源于热轧钢带的组织遗传;为控制三次渗碳体的数量,热轧低碳钢带的终轧温度应控制在860~880℃,卷取温度控制在580~610℃,卷取后钢带应避免缓冷。

控轧控冷工艺对Q235B热轧H型钢氧化铁皮特征及剥离性能的影响

对Q235B热轧坯料进行了实验室模拟轧制和弯折矫直试验。结合SEM、XRD等试验手段,研究了控轧控冷工艺参数对Q235B热轧H型钢氧化铁皮特征及其剥离性能的影响规律。结果表明:在其他轧制工艺参数相同的条件下,随着终轧温度的升高,氧化铁皮的厚度呈增加趋势,FeO相比率增加,Fe_(3)O_(4)相比率降低。随着冷却速度的提高,氧化皮的厚度呈减小趋势,FeO相比率增加,Fe_(3)O_(4)相比率降低。随着Fe_(3)O_(4)相比率增加,FeO相比率降低,氧化皮从大块剥离向小块剥离再向细粉状剥离过渡。