Imaging through scattering layers using a near-infrared low-spatial-coherence fiber random laser

Optical memory effect-based speckle-correlated technology has been developed for reconstructing hidden objectsfrom disordered speckle patterns,achieving imaging through scattering layers.However,the lighting efficiency and fieldof view of existing speckle-correlated imaging systems are limited.Here,a near-infrared low spatial coherence fiberrandom laser illumination method is proposed to address the above limitations.Through the utilization of random Rayleighscattering within dispersion-shifted fibers to provide feedback,coupled with stimulated Raman scattering for amplification,a near-infrared fiber random laser exhibiting a high spectral density and extremely low spatial coherence is generated.Based on the designed fiber random laser,speckle-correlated imaging through scattering layers is achieved,with highlighting efficiency and a large imaging field of view.This work improves the performance of speckle-correlated imagingand enriches the research on imaging through scattering medium.

Causal associations between intermediate very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-total lipids ratio and peptic ulcer:A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Previous epidemiologic investigations have consistently demonstrated a strong association between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium very-lowdensity lipoprotein(VLDL)and the occurrence of peptic ulcers(PU).However,the precise causal relationship between these factors remains ambiguous.Consequently,this study aims to elucidate the potential correlation between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL and the incidence of peptic ulcer.AIM To investigate the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium very-low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)association with PU via genetic methods,guiding future clinical research.METHODS Genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets for the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in intermediate VLDL and peptic ulcer were retrieved from the IEU OpenGWAS project(https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk).For the forward Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis,72 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were identified as instrumental variables.These SNPs were selected based on their association with the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in intermediate VLDL,with peptic ulcer as the outcome variable.Conversely,for the inverse MR analysis,no SNPs were identified with peptic ulcer as the exposure variable and the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in intermediate VLDL as the outcome.All MR analyses utilized inverse variance weighted(IVW)as the primary analytical method.Additionally,weighted median and MR-Egger methods were employed as supplementary analytical approaches to assess causal effects.Egger regression was used as a supplementary method to evaluate potential directional pleiotropy.Heterogeneity and multiplicity tests were conducted using the leave-one-out method to evaluate result stability and mitigate biases associated with multiple testing.RESULTS The genetically predicted ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL was significantly associated with an elevated risk of peptic ulcer(IVW:OR=2.557,95%CI=1.274-5.132,P=0.008).However,no causal association of peptic ulcer with the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL was observed in the inverse Mendelian randomization analysis.CONCLUSION In conclusion,our study reveals a significant association between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL and an elevated risk of peptic ulcers.However,further validation through laboratory investigations and larger-scale studies is warranted to strengthen the evidence and confirm the causal relationship between these factors.

An analysis of seismic scattering attenuation in a random elastic medium

Seismic attenuation has been inherent media characteristics in which an interesting topic of research, for it reflects the seismic waves propagate. There are many factors that cause seismic wave attenuation, such as geometry attenuation caused by energy dissipating during propagation, friction attenuation by relative sliding among rock grains, and scattering attenuation by rock heterogeneity. In this paper we study P-wave scattering attenuation in a random elastic medium by numerical simulations from a statistical point of view. A random elastic medium model is built based on general stochastic process theory. Then a staggered-grid pseudo-spectral method is used to simulate wave propagation. Scattering attenuation is estimated by the spectral ratio method based on virtual detector records. Random elastic media numerical scatter results with various heterogeneity levels show that the higher heterogeneous levels cause greater scattering attenuation. When the scatter sizes are smaller than a wave length, the larger scatters give a greater attenuation. Finally, we propose a method to evaluate fluid-flow attenuation in porous media. The fluid- flow attenuation is derived from total attenuation and scattering attenuation in random porous media and the attenuation is estimated quantitatively. Results show that in the real seismic frequency range when the heterogeneous scale is about 10^1 meters （less than one wave length）, scattering attenuation is larger than fluid-tlow attenuation in random porous media and scattering attenuation is the main factor of seismic attenuation in real heterogeneous porous media.

Modeling of Rocks with Spatial Distributed Fractures by Random Medium Theory

By using the spectrum expanding theory of random processes and Hudson's crack model,we developed a random medium model for rocks with spatial random distributed number density of cracks. This model could connect the micro-parameters of the cracks with the macro- mechanical properties, and can be effectively applied to model the real inhomogeneous medium. Numerical example indicates that the random distribution characters could be different for different elastic constants under the same random distribution of number density of cracks. By changing the value of the autocorrelation length pair, it is possible to model the difference of the distribution in the two coordinate directions. Numerical modeling results for seismic wave propagating in rocks with random distributed fractures using a staggered high-order finite-difference (SHOFD) are also presented.

Influence of Coating Layer on Acoustic Wave Propagation in a Random Complex Medium with Resonant Scatterers

We investigate the influence of coating layer on acoustic wave propagation in a dispersed random medium consisting of coa.ted fibers.In the strong-scattering regime, the characteristics of wave scattering resonances are found to evolve regularly with the properties of the coating layer.By theoretical calculation,frequency gaps are found in acoustic excitation spectra in a random medium.The scattering cross section results present the evolution of scattering resonances with the properties of the coating layer,which offers a good explanation for the change of the frequency gaps.The velocity of the propagation quasi-mode is also shown to depend on the filling fraction of the coating layer.We use the generalized coherent potential-approximation approach to solve acoustic wave dispersion relations in a complicated random medium consisting of coating-structure scatterers.It is shown that our model reveals subtle changes in the behavior of the acoustic wave propagating quasi-modes.

Determination of threshold random gain medium in dye: Polymer films containing TiO₂nanoparticles

Random gain medium based on organic Rhodamine 590 (R590) laser-dye and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) suspended nanoparticles have been prepared with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a host. Spray-coated homogeneous film samples of 22.4 μm thickness. Optimum concentrations have been determined depending on the normal fluorescence spectra which give evidence that the laser dye provides amplification and TiO2 nanoparticles act as scatter center. At the optimum concentrations, results of the random gain medium under second harmonic Nd: YAG laser excitation shows that the values of bandwidth at full width half-maximum (FWHM) and the threshold energy are about 11 nm and 10 mJ respectively.

Simulation of Influence of Partially Coherent Gaussian Laser Beam on Gradient Force Acting on Dielectric Nanoparticle inside Random Medium

The partially coherent beams propagating through random media have been used in the past to enhance effect of nonlinear optical interaction. Moreover, after propagation through a random （or turbulent） medium the coherent beam becomes a partially coherent one. In this research, the analytical formula for the average intensity of Gaussian beam propagating through random medium is derived and the influence of coherent partiality on optical gradient force acting on dielectric particle rounded by a random media is investigated.

基于多因子多模式集成的中长期径流预测模型

提高中长期径流预测精度对于水资源调度等具有重要意义和应用价值。基于国家气候中心的130项气候因子,采用皮尔逊相关系数、最大信息系数、方差增量指标筛选主要预测因子,建立基于DS(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论的多因子综合方法;采用随机森林、BP神经网络和贝叶斯网络等建立基于水文-气象因子遥相关的中长期径流预测模型,构建基于DS证据理论的预测结果集成模型。以三峡水库为对象开展实例研究,结果表明:引入遥相关因子能有效提高预测精度;基于DS证据理论的多因子综合方法能筛选出综合性更强、稳定性更优的因子,弥补单一筛选方法的不足;基于DS证据理论的多因子多模式集成方法在径流预测精度上优于单一方法单一模型,确定性系数提高到0.823,平均相对误差降低到23.2%。

合肥老黏土地层矩形顶管引起的地表沉降分析

研究目的:矩形顶管法因为有效空间利用率高、覆土浅等优点,近年来在工程中得到广泛的应用。本文基于耀远路站1号、2号矩形顶管过街出入口工程实例,采用随机介质理论、Plaxis有限元分析、工程现场监测的方法,分析合肥老黏土地层中顶管施工引起的地表沉降变形规律,以期为类似工程提供参考。研究结论:(1)合肥老黏土地层中的顶管施工主要引起上部地层沉降,沉降主要由管节与土体之间的建筑空隙造成;(2)随着顶管的掘进,地表沉降呈现出先缓慢增加后急剧增加最后又趋于平缓的特点,顶管施工主要影响范围以开挖面为分界线,前部影响范围约为3z0(z0为顶管埋深),后部影响范围约为z0;(3)横向地表沉降基本以顶管中心线为轴线对称布置,影响范围约为中心线两侧各2z0;(4)本研究成果可为老黏土地层中矩形顶管的设计和施工提供参考。

基于随机演化博弈的工业互联网平台建设策略研究

工业互联网平台存在的高门槛及复杂的应用场景决定了工业互联网平台与消费互联网平台之间建设模式的巨大差异。当前龙头企业主导的工业互联网平台建设模式存在不足。提出“政府引导-平台提供者牵头-中小制造企业协作”的工业互联网平台建设模式,并构建政府、平台提供者、中小制造企业三方随机演化博弈模型,分析各方在建设工业互联网平台时的策略选择。研究发现:外界不确定因素只会对平台提供者和中小制造企业的决策策略造成影响,政府的决策结果不受干扰;政府决策不受初始支持意愿影响,都将选择支持建设工业互联网平台,而平台提供者以及中小制造企业的决策受彼此的意愿正向影响;平台提供者的决策对政府的政策支持更加敏感,中小制造企业决策对政府的资金支持和惩罚力度更为敏感;成本分配系数增大或减小对于中小制造企业和平台提供者具有相反的影响。

Study on the scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in random media

In order to study the scale characteristics of heterogeneities in complex media, a random medium is constructed using a statistical method and by changing model parameters （autocorrelation lengths a and b）, the scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and the vertical Cartesian directions may be varied in the medium. The autocorrelation lengths a and b represent the mean scale of heterogeneous geologic bodies in the horizontal and vertical Cartesian directions in the randQm medium, respectively. Based on this model, the relationship between model autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is studied by horizontal velocity variation and standard deviation. The horizontal velocity variation research shows that velocities are in random perturbation. The heterogeneous geologic body scale increases with increasing autocorrelation length. The recursion equation for the relationship between autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneous geologic body scales is determined from the velocity standard deviation research and the actual heterogeneous geologic body scale magnitude can be estimated by the equation.

全息空间三维显示研究

本文基于计算全息、光电衍射再现及散射成像等技术,研究全息空间三维显示,利用随机相位抑制全息空间三维再现像的散斑噪声,实现高分辨率全息空间三维显示。同时,测试不同厚度的散射介质屏对三维成像的影响,探究全息空间三维显示的亮度变化规律。

考虑上游来水影响的中长期径流预报

雅砻江流域地面气象站点不足、分布不均,难以获得精确的流域面降雨资料,加之传统中长期径流预报模型泛化能力有限,中长期径流预报存在较大瓶颈。充分考虑流域水库间的物理联系,基于上下游水库流量变化在时空上的相似性,对1957年~2020年锦屏一级水库和二滩水库的历史月径流数据进行主成分分析,使用BP人工神经网络、随机森林和支持向量回归3种机器学习方法建立3种径流预报模型,通过决定系数R^(2),合格率Q R以及平均相对误差MRE三项指标构成的评价体系对预测结果进行评估。结果表明,上游水库对于下游水库的入库流量具有显著影响,且3种模型在二滩水库中长期径流预报上均具有较好的预报效果(R^(2)>0.8、Q R>0.7、MRE<0.2)。随机森林模型模拟效果整体优于BP人工神经网络和支持向量回归模型,3种模型均具有较好的实用性,能为流域水资源精细化调度及科学管理提供数据基础。

基于多源卫星的黄淮海平原冬小麦种植丰度定量评估

针对大范围冬小麦种植丰度定量评估和种植面积测量业务化中存在的,高分辨率影像覆盖能力较低难以在大空间范围内推广应用,与中分辨率影像提取精度较低之间相互制约的现实问题,选择均匀分布于黄淮海平原的6个Sentinel-2条带位置为试验区,通过分别构建随机森林分类模型提取Sentinel-2的冬小麦种植区域,并将Sentinel-2冬小麦种植区域合成为250 m空间分辨率的种植丰度,结合时序MODIS NDVI训练随机森林回归模型,预测得到黄淮海平原冬小麦种植丰度,从而实现大范围冬小麦种植丰度定量评估和种植面积测量。相比传统MODIS NDVI时序数据提取冬小麦种植区域,还需额外进行混合像元分解后才能得到种植丰度,本研究使用随机森林回归方法直接获得了每个像元的种植丰度,省去了混合像元分解步骤。训练的各条带位置随机森林分类模型,F1score达0.9983以上,当训练集样本量占总样本量的2%以上时随机森林回归模型趋于稳定,当样本量占比达50%时模型最适宜使用,R^(2)达0.8140,样本量占比达90%时,回归模型R^(2)达到最大值为0.8162。使用模型测量冬小麦种植丰度和种植面积分别能够达到Sentinel-2精度的91%和99%以上,满足了大范围冬小麦种植丰度定量评估和种植面积测量的业务化精度要求。

基于行为交互的集群编队网络自组织算法

针对恶劣条件下对集群编队网络自组织构建的要求,对无线自组织网络组网算法进行了研究,将几种媒体接入控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)协议进行深度融合,提出了基于行为交互的集群编队网络自组织算法。该算法通过随机竞争的方式来竞争主节点,避免装订节点身份过程繁琐或主节点被损毁导致网络陷入瘫痪的问题,提升编队组网的安全性;通过行为交互,每个节点获得专有的传输时隙,实现全网节点无冲突的数据传输,最终达到固定分配MAC协议的传输性能。最后,通过仿真对算法进行验证,结果表明16个节点在6s内完成组网,可有力支撑未来协同探测、协同制导等典型场景下对编队网络自组织构建的需求。

5G环境下具有介质访问控制感知的无线网络编码方案

为优化5G无线网络环境下单波流的网络编码,提出一种具有介质访问控制(MAC)感知的随机线性网络编码方案。由于流间网络编码假设条件是即时解码和反馈信道可靠,其在5G环境下不多常见。因此,所提方案使用随机化处理方式,从有限域GF(2)中均匀随机地选择出数据包变量,源节点不需要采集来自接收器的反馈帧,通过优化MAC开销来缓解数据包相关信息的影响。在TelosB motes试验台进行验证,结果表明,对于单跳数据发布和多跳无线路由,所提方案使用Block ACK握手,可以高效采集反馈信息,且能够大幅降低数据包传输时间,最高降低42%。

Hot spots enriched plasmonic nanostructure-induced random lasing of quantum dots thin film

Here,a plasmon-enhanced random laser was achieved by incorporating gold nanostars（NS） into disordered polymer and Cd Se/Zn S quantum dots（QDs） gain medium films,in which the surface plasmon resonance of gold NS can greatly enhance the scattering cross section and bring a large gain volume.The random distribution of gold NS in the gain medium film formed a laser-mode resonator.Under a single-pulse pumping,the scattering center of gold NS-based random laser exhibits enhanced performance of a lasing threshold of 0.8 m J/cm^2 and a full width as narrow as 6 nm at half maximum.By utilizing the local enhancement characteristic of the electric field at the sharp apexes of the gold NS,the emission intensity of the random laser was increased.In addition,the gold NS showed higher thermal stability than the silver nanoparticles,withstanding high temperature heating up to 200？C.The results of metal nanostructures with enriched hot spots and excellent temperature stability have tremendous potential applications in the fields of biological identification,medical diagnostics,lighting,and display devices.

RANDOM SYSTEMS OF HARD PARTICLES:MODELS AND STATISTICS

This paper surveys models and statistical properties of random systems of hard particles. Such systems appear frequently in materials science, biology and elsewhere. In mathematical-statistical investigations, simulations of such structures play an important role. In these simulations various methods and models are applied, namely the RSA model, sedimentation and collective rearrangement algorithms, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo methods such as the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The statistical description of real and simulated particle systems uses ideas of the mathematical theories of random sets and point processes. This leads to characteristics such as volume fraction or porosity, covariance, contact distribution functions, specific connectivity number from the random set approach and intensity, pair correlation function and mark correlation functions from the point process approach. Some of them can be determined stereologically using planar sections, while others can only be obtained using three-dimensional data and 3D image analysis. They are valuable tools for fitting models to empirical data and, consequently, for understanding various materials, biological structures, porous media and other practically important spatial structures.

富水饱和区盾构隧道施工地表沉降计算方法

随机介质理论在预测隧道开挖引起的地表沉降中应用广泛,但在赋存地下水的地层中,该理论不能完全反映地层变形机理,造成算出的理论结果与实际地表沉降往往存在一定的偏差。为了拓展随机介质理论的应用范围,本文依据地层变形机理,认为在富水地层中隧道开挖引起的沉降原因主要包括开挖扰动导致的地层损失,以及由于地下渗流导致的地层有效应力增加。因而,在传统随机介质理论的基础上,联合地下水渗流理论分别推导了由于隧道开挖扰动和地下渗流作用下的地表沉降理论解,再将两者叠加便得到了隧道在富水地层中的地表沉降值。通过将理论值与数值模拟结果对比,地表沉降曲线较为吻合,证明了所提方法的可靠性。另外,通过与工程案例对比,进一步验证了所提方法的正确性。研究发现,仅考虑隧道扰动或仅考虑地下渗流时,往往会低估隧道在富水地层中造成的沉降,而当两者结合时沉降曲线与数值结果较为接近;隧道开挖后,地表沉降在前期下降速率较快,而后期下降速度变化逐渐缓慢,直至沉降趋于稳定,这主要由于变形机理从地层扰动向渗流诱导转变所致。该研究成果可为隧道在富水地层中开挖时沉降预测和控制提供参考。

隧道开挖超小变形监测与数值仿真分析

为有效预测和控制隧道开挖引起的地表超小变形,首先基于随机介质理论和MATLAB软件编写反分析程序,对地表沉降的实测数据进行拟合,反演断面收敛面积ΔA和地层影响角β,并研究ΔA与隧道埋深Z以及ΔA与tanβ的关系。其次,基于滚动预测的方法建立反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络,并预测隧道断面DM-1未来的地表超小变形值。结果表明:ΔA的取值较离散,随着隧道埋深Z的增加,ΔA呈逐渐减小趋势,地层损失也随之减小,当隧道埋深约为20.53 m时,收敛面积ΔA接近0。随着ΔA的逐渐增大,tanβ逐渐减小,当隧道埋深约为20.53 m时,tanβ约为0.447。通过滚动预测的方法建立的BP神经网络误差值较小,可以很好地预测隧道开挖引起的地表超小变形值,对类似的工程具有较好的指导意义。