To study the effect of endocrine disruptor chemicals in cow milk on female reproductive system. Methods A two-generation reproduction was conducted according to U. S. FDA standard. Milk was fed in special bottle to Wi...To study the effect of endocrine disruptor chemicals in cow milk on female reproductive system. Methods A two-generation reproduction was conducted according to U. S. FDA standard. Milk was fed in special bottle to Wistar rats of both sexes through two successive generations （F0 and F1） in the milk group while artificial milk was fed to rats in the control group. Twenty-four rats of each sex were mated in each group. Measurements were made according to this guideline. Results Reproductive parameters in the milk group such as fertility index, gestation index, weights of uterus and ovary, days of vaginal opening, estrous cycles, histological morphological changes were comparable to those in the control group. However, the means of body weight had some differences. The body weight gains increased significantly in the milk-treated group in F1 and F2 generation compared with those in the control group. The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） in blood in the milk group was comparable to that in the control group, but the standard deviation changed greatly in the milk-treated rats. Conclusion Endocrine disruptor chemicals in milk have no severe effects on the female reproductive system.展开更多
A full life-cycle toxicity test, combined with histology, on calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia was used to study the effect of bis（tributyltin） oxide （TBTO）. The results indicate no sex-specific differences in...A full life-cycle toxicity test, combined with histology, on calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia was used to study the effect of bis（tributyltin） oxide （TBTO）. The results indicate no sex-specific differences in TBTO toxicity. Long-term mortalities of the copepods exposed to concentrations higher than 20 ng TBTO L＂1 were significantly elevated compared with that of control, and larval development was inhibited when they were exposed to 40 and 60 ng TBTO L-1. The percentages of ovigerous females were reduced compared with the control （P〈0.01） after 24 days exposure to concentrations higher than 10 ng TBTO L-1. Histological examinations suggest that exposure to TBTO might block the posterior end of the diverticula and inhibits the production of egg sacs. A modified Euler-Lotka equation was used to calculate a population-level endpoint, the intrinsic rate of natural increase （rm）, from individual life-table endpoints, i.e. mortality rate, time of release of first brood, sex ratio, the fraction of ovigerous females among all females as well as the number of nauplii per ovigerous female. Apart from the highest TBTO concentration （60 ng LI）, where all females aborted their egg sacs, 20 ng TBTO L-1 was the only concentration that significantly decreased rm compared with that of control （an effect associated with decreased sex ratio）. The results show that the S. poplesia is affected by prolonged exposure to low concentrations of TBTO. The full life-cycle toxicity test combined with histology experiments provides more integral understanding of the toxicity of endocrine disrupters.展开更多
It is well documented that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system existed in reproductive organs. Recent researches showed that GABA_A and GABA_B receptors were present in testis and sperm, and might mediate the acrosome ...It is well documented that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system existed in reproductive organs. Recent researches showed that GABA_A and GABA_B receptors were present in testis and sperm, and might mediate the acrosome reaction induced by GABA and progesterone. GABA transporter Ⅰ (GAT1) also existed in testis and sperm, but its physiological function was unknown. In the present study, we used GAT1 overexpressing mice to explore GAT1 function in male reproductive system. We found that the expression level of GAT1 continuously increased in wild-type mouse testis from 1 month to 2 months after birth. GAT1 overexpression in mouse affected testis development, which embodied reduced testis mass and slowed spermatogenesis in transgenic mice. Moreover, transgenic mice showed increase of the percentage of broken sperm. The further study revealed that the reproductive capacity was impaired in GAT1 overexpressing mice. In addition, testosterone level was significantly low in transgenic mice compared with that in wild-type mice. Our findings provided the first evidence that abnormal expression of GAT1 could result in dysgenesis, and indicated that GAT1 might be therapeutically targeted for contraception or dysgenesis treatment.展开更多
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels （behavior, sublethal, lethal）. In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrif...Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels （behavior, sublethal, lethal）. In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints （acute, chronic, behavioral）. Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects at concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.展开更多
Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in patients with vaginal discharge and evaluate the efficacy of OSOM BV blue test in diagnosis.Methods:OSOM BV blue test,a rapid diagnostic test based o...Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in patients with vaginal discharge and evaluate the efficacy of OSOM BV blue test in diagnosis.Methods:OSOM BV blue test,a rapid diagnostic test based on the principle of detection of bacterial sialidase activity in vaginal fluid specimens was conducted.A total of 405 patients in the reproductive age group(15- 45 years) having vaginal discharge were included in the study along with 10 healthy age-matched controls.Two high vaginal swabs were collected aseptically from each patient.One swab was used to make smear for gram staining,and the other was for OSOM BV blue test.Amine test and vaginal pH test were taken as well.Results:The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 60.7%. OSOM BV blue test showed good efficacy,as compared with gram staining in diagnosing BV.The sensitivity and specificity of OSOM BV blue test were 97.6%and 97.5%respectively.Amsel’s criteria diagnosed 180(44.4%) cases of BV and had sensitivity and specificity of 67.1%and 90.6%respectively.Thus the performance of OSOM BV blue was better than the methods based on Amsel’s criteria.Conclusions:OSOM BV blue test is an efficacious bed side test,helpful in rapidly making an accurate diagnosis of BV in setups lacking laboratory facilities or expert microbiologists.展开更多
Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are po...Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are poorly understood as they are characterized by sequence homology with linear DNA,for which few detection methods are available.Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that eccDNAs play crucial roles in tumor formation,evolution,and drug resistance as well as aging,genomic diversity,and other biological processes,bringing it back to the research hotspot.Several mechanisms of eccDNA formation have been proposed,including the breakage-fusion-bridge(BFB)and translocation-deletion-amplification models.Gynecologic tumors and disorders of embryonic and fetal development are major threats to human reproductive health.The roles of eccDNAs in these pathological processes have been partially elucidated since the first discovery of eccDNA in pig sperm and the double minutes in ovarian cancer ascites.The present review summarized the research history,biogenesis,and currently available detection and analytical methods for eccDNAs and clarified their functions in gynecologic tumors and reproduction.We also proposed the application of eccDNAs as drug targets and liquid biopsy markers for prenatal diagnosis and the early detection,prognosis,and treatment of gynecologic tumors.This review lays theoretical foundations for future investigations into the complex regulatory networks of eccDNAs in vital physiological and pathological processes.展开更多
The International Society of Reproductive Genetics(ISRG)assembled a workgroup made up of clinicians,clinical laboratory directors,and scientists for the purpose of creating the guidelines for preimplantation genetic t...The International Society of Reproductive Genetics(ISRG)assembled a workgroup made up of clinicians,clinical laboratory directors,and scientists for the purpose of creating the guidelines for preimplantation genetic testing(PGT).The most up-to-date information and clinical insights for the optimal PGT practice were incorporated in these guidelines.Recommendations are provided for embryologists,medical geneticists,clinical laboratorians,and other healthcare providers to improve the wellbeing of patients seeking assisted reproductive treatment and their offspring.展开更多
文摘To study the effect of endocrine disruptor chemicals in cow milk on female reproductive system. Methods A two-generation reproduction was conducted according to U. S. FDA standard. Milk was fed in special bottle to Wistar rats of both sexes through two successive generations （F0 and F1） in the milk group while artificial milk was fed to rats in the control group. Twenty-four rats of each sex were mated in each group. Measurements were made according to this guideline. Results Reproductive parameters in the milk group such as fertility index, gestation index, weights of uterus and ovary, days of vaginal opening, estrous cycles, histological morphological changes were comparable to those in the control group. However, the means of body weight had some differences. The body weight gains increased significantly in the milk-treated group in F1 and F2 generation compared with those in the control group. The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） in blood in the milk group was comparable to that in the control group, but the standard deviation changed greatly in the milk-treated rats. Conclusion Endocrine disruptor chemicals in milk have no severe effects on the female reproductive system.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2005CB422300)
文摘A full life-cycle toxicity test, combined with histology, on calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia was used to study the effect of bis（tributyltin） oxide （TBTO）. The results indicate no sex-specific differences in TBTO toxicity. Long-term mortalities of the copepods exposed to concentrations higher than 20 ng TBTO L＂1 were significantly elevated compared with that of control, and larval development was inhibited when they were exposed to 40 and 60 ng TBTO L-1. The percentages of ovigerous females were reduced compared with the control （P〈0.01） after 24 days exposure to concentrations higher than 10 ng TBTO L-1. Histological examinations suggest that exposure to TBTO might block the posterior end of the diverticula and inhibits the production of egg sacs. A modified Euler-Lotka equation was used to calculate a population-level endpoint, the intrinsic rate of natural increase （rm）, from individual life-table endpoints, i.e. mortality rate, time of release of first brood, sex ratio, the fraction of ovigerous females among all females as well as the number of nauplii per ovigerous female. Apart from the highest TBTO concentration （60 ng LI）, where all females aborted their egg sacs, 20 ng TBTO L-1 was the only concentration that significantly decreased rm compared with that of control （an effect associated with decreased sex ratio）. The results show that the S. poplesia is affected by prolonged exposure to low concentrations of TBTO. The full life-cycle toxicity test combined with histology experiments provides more integral understanding of the toxicity of endocrine disrupters.
基金supported by foundations from Chinese Academy of SciencesSpecial Funds for Major State Basic Research Development program of China(G19990539).
文摘It is well documented that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system existed in reproductive organs. Recent researches showed that GABA_A and GABA_B receptors were present in testis and sperm, and might mediate the acrosome reaction induced by GABA and progesterone. GABA transporter Ⅰ (GAT1) also existed in testis and sperm, but its physiological function was unknown. In the present study, we used GAT1 overexpressing mice to explore GAT1 function in male reproductive system. We found that the expression level of GAT1 continuously increased in wild-type mouse testis from 1 month to 2 months after birth. GAT1 overexpression in mouse affected testis development, which embodied reduced testis mass and slowed spermatogenesis in transgenic mice. Moreover, transgenic mice showed increase of the percentage of broken sperm. The further study revealed that the reproductive capacity was impaired in GAT1 overexpressing mice. In addition, testosterone level was significantly low in transgenic mice compared with that in wild-type mice. Our findings provided the first evidence that abnormal expression of GAT1 could result in dysgenesis, and indicated that GAT1 might be therapeutically targeted for contraception or dysgenesis treatment.
基金Preject supported by the New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese Uni-versity (No. NCET-04-0914)the National Natural Science Foundationof China (No. 30640022)Yunnan Natural Sciences Foundations (No.2002C0001Z, 2005C0004Q).
文摘Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels （behavior, sublethal, lethal）. In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints （acute, chronic, behavioral）. Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects at concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.
文摘Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis(BV) in patients with vaginal discharge and evaluate the efficacy of OSOM BV blue test in diagnosis.Methods:OSOM BV blue test,a rapid diagnostic test based on the principle of detection of bacterial sialidase activity in vaginal fluid specimens was conducted.A total of 405 patients in the reproductive age group(15- 45 years) having vaginal discharge were included in the study along with 10 healthy age-matched controls.Two high vaginal swabs were collected aseptically from each patient.One swab was used to make smear for gram staining,and the other was for OSOM BV blue test.Amine test and vaginal pH test were taken as well.Results:The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 60.7%. OSOM BV blue test showed good efficacy,as compared with gram staining in diagnosing BV.The sensitivity and specificity of OSOM BV blue test were 97.6%and 97.5%respectively.Amsel’s criteria diagnosed 180(44.4%) cases of BV and had sensitivity and specificity of 67.1%and 90.6%respectively.Thus the performance of OSOM BV blue was better than the methods based on Amsel’s criteria.Conclusions:OSOM BV blue test is an efficacious bed side test,helpful in rapidly making an accurate diagnosis of BV in setups lacking laboratory facilities or expert microbiologists.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos.32170493,32170656]the National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)[Grant No.BYSYSZKF2022005]the Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project,Peking University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (PKU2023LCXQ036)。
文摘Originating but free from chromosomal DNA,extrachromosomal circular DNAs(eccDNAs)are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Their biogenesis and function are poorly understood as they are characterized by sequence homology with linear DNA,for which few detection methods are available.Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that eccDNAs play crucial roles in tumor formation,evolution,and drug resistance as well as aging,genomic diversity,and other biological processes,bringing it back to the research hotspot.Several mechanisms of eccDNA formation have been proposed,including the breakage-fusion-bridge(BFB)and translocation-deletion-amplification models.Gynecologic tumors and disorders of embryonic and fetal development are major threats to human reproductive health.The roles of eccDNAs in these pathological processes have been partially elucidated since the first discovery of eccDNA in pig sperm and the double minutes in ovarian cancer ascites.The present review summarized the research history,biogenesis,and currently available detection and analytical methods for eccDNAs and clarified their functions in gynecologic tumors and reproduction.We also proposed the application of eccDNAs as drug targets and liquid biopsy markers for prenatal diagnosis and the early detection,prognosis,and treatment of gynecologic tumors.This review lays theoretical foundations for future investigations into the complex regulatory networks of eccDNAs in vital physiological and pathological processes.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2700701,2021YFC2701002,2020YFA0804000,2018YFC1004901)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171677,81901495,82088102,81971344,82171686,82071661)+6 种基金Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202140110)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-064)International Science and Technology Collaborative Fund of Shanghai(18410711800)Collaborative Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2020CXJQ01)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Program(21Y21901002,22S31901500)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(SHDC2020CR1008A)Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development,and Shanghai"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Project(19410760100)
文摘The International Society of Reproductive Genetics(ISRG)assembled a workgroup made up of clinicians,clinical laboratory directors,and scientists for the purpose of creating the guidelines for preimplantation genetic testing(PGT).The most up-to-date information and clinical insights for the optimal PGT practice were incorporated in these guidelines.Recommendations are provided for embryologists,medical geneticists,clinical laboratorians,and other healthcare providers to improve the wellbeing of patients seeking assisted reproductive treatment and their offspring.
