Distributed robust power control in two-tier vehicle networks under uncertain channel environments

This paper proposes a novel optimization scheme to support stable and reliable vehicle-to-everything connections in two-tier networks,where the uplink channel of the cellular user is reused by underlay vehicle-to-vehicle communications.However,considering complex channel fading and high-speed vehicle movement,the cer-tainty assumption is impractical and fails to maintain power control strategy in reality in the traditional statical vehicular networks.Rather than the perfect channel state information assumption,the first-order Gauss-Markov process which is a probabilistic model affected by vehicle speed and fading is introduced to describe imperfect channel gains.Moreover,interference management is a major challenge in reusing communications,especially in uncertain channel environments.Power control is an effective way to realize interference management,and optimal power allocation can ensure that interference of the user meets the communication requirements.In this study,the sum-rate-oriented power control scheme and minimum-rate-oriented power control scheme were implemented to manage interference and satisfy different design objectives.Since both of these schemes are non-convex and intractable,the Bernstein approximation and successive convex approximation methods were adopted to transform the original problems into convex ones.Furthermore,a novel distributed robust power control al-gorithm was developed to determine the optimal solutions.The performance of the algorithm was evaluated through numerical simulations,and the results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective in vehicular communication networks with uncertain channel environments.

风险社会条件下行政追偿模式的解析与完善

在国家赔偿与追偿制度的发展过程中,追偿制度的功能发挥不够充分,其规范化程度不足,实践成效未达至理想状态。问题的根源在于对行政追偿性质定位不明,制度功能层面存在认识误区。根据我国行政法的规定,国家赔偿与追偿共同构成双阶层责任分配体系,在制度功能意义上应当实现分阶段运行的国家、公务员和受害人三方主体的利益平衡机制,因而需在整体视域下对两个阶段、三方主体予以系统性观察。目前在国家赔偿的“自己责任说”与“代位责任说”视角下的两种追偿主张均存在某种不足之处,而风险归责视角下的“组织责任说”能克服责任归属平面化、单一化的弊端,依“组织责任说”建构的国家赔偿与追偿的双阶层责任分配体系,通过统合自己责任、代位责任与混合责任,增强了该体系的适应性。从风险分配的视角重新审视过错界定,体现了行政追偿从外部责任向内部责任的转向,但行政追偿权仍然是法律明文授予的单方决定权,并非单纯的内部惩戒权。该项制度的功能在于以矫正正义为宗旨,对前一阶段国家赔偿责任的再分配。

《公司法》路径下企业环境合规两层体系构建

民商合一的大背景下,《民法典》确立绿色原则后便出现了将绿色原则引入《公司法》的声音。《公司法》引入绿色原则,并以此为基础建立企业环境合规制度,不仅能够契合环境与经济协调发展的理念,还能满足双碳目标对企业提出的要求,具有现实必要性。2023年修订的《公司法》将生态环境保护责任纳入企业社会责任中,引入绿色原则。但由于该条文的倡导属性与条文位置减弱了绿色原则的地位与作用,不利于ESG制度的具体展开。因此,需要在宏观层面明确绿色原则地位,并明晰绿色原则与经济效益、企业自治的关系,处理好与其他部门法的衔接,发挥绿色原则体系性功能;在微观层面,对ESG环境信息披露制度进行顶层制度设计,再配以监督救济机制,推进ESG实践体系的完善,构建《公司法》路径下企业环境合规的两层体系。

金融强国视角下地方金融“央—地”双层监管体制的路径完善

为有效防范地方金融风险的产生和蔓延,我国逐渐构建起地方金融“央—地”双层监管体制,但实践效果不够理想,存在“央—地”价值取向不同、法律依据缺失、“央—地”监管范围不明、权责失衡、信息不对称以及地方政府的能力不足等现实问题。国家需要结合现实需求加强高位阶的立法、变革金融监管理念、明晰“央—地”金融监管范围和权责界限、建立信息共享平台以及设置相应的外部监督问责制度,促进“央—地”之间形成金融监管合力,依法共治。

劳动关系的平衡与分化:基于工资议价的谈判地位测算

伴随生产力和生产方式的变化,劳动关系发生变革,对劳动保护制度提出了新的挑战。在工资议价的理论框架下,运用2003—2021年中国综合社会调查数据和双边随机前沿模型,测算雇佣双方谈判地位并比较其结构差异,发现总体上我国雇佣双方谈判地位的差距有所缩小,劳动关系呈现平衡发展的趋势,但谈判地位随雇佣双方特征及雇佣组合呈现出明显的异质性,男性、已婚、少数民族和城镇户籍的劳动者更具谈判优势,“农村户籍—国有企业”“低人力资本—大规模企业”雇佣组合劳动者谈判地位较低。因此,完善现行劳动保护制度有必要以谈判地位为依据,针对不同雇员、雇主和特定雇佣关系进行分类调整,真正实现劳动关系的实质平等。

A two-tier location management mechanism for IMS

This paper proposed a two-tier location management mechanism （TTLM） by improving the current registration mechanism （CR） in IP Multimedia Subsystem （IMS）. The TTLM includes the visited network registration and the home network registration, in which the visited network registration is responsible for re-registration in IMS. When subscriber roams, the location information of home network will be updated by the visited network based on the change of user equipment （UE）＇ s IP address. Thereibre the TTLM can reduce the times of IMS registration signaling. Using the proposed analytical model, the performance of the CR and the proposed TTLM were investigated. After the performance analysis of CR and TTLM by using proposed analytical model, the cost of CR in IMS could significantly be reduced theoretically and also was proven by simulation experiments.

INTERFERENCE COORDINATION METHOD BASED ON GRAPH THEORY IN TWO-TIER CELLULAR NETWORKS

This paper studies an interference coordination method by means of spectrum allocation in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) multi-cell scenario that comprises of macrocells and femtocells. The purpose is to maximize the total throughput of femtocells while ensuring the Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of the edge macro mobile stations (mMSs) and the edge femtocell Mobile Stations (fMSs). A new spectrum allocation algorithm based on graph theory is proposed to reduce the interference. Firstly, the ratio of Resource Blocks (RBs) that mMSs occupy is obtained by genetic algorithm. Then, after considering the impact of the macro Base Stations (mBSs) and small scale fading to the fMS on different RBs, multi-interference graphs are established and the spectrum is allocated dynamically. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the mMSs. It can strike a balance between the edge fMSs' throughput and the whole fMSs' throughput.

Two-tier control structure design methodology applied to heat exchanger networks

Because of its paramount importance in the successful industrial control strategy of a given heat exchanger network(HEN),the control structure designs for providing appropriate manipulated variable(MV)and controlled variable pairings have received considerable attention.However,quite frequently HENs with such control structures face the problem of hard constraints,typically holding the HENs at less controlled operating space.So both the MV pairings and the above control pairings should be considered to design a control structure.This paper investigates the systematic incorporation of the two pairings,and presents a methodology for designing such two-tier control structure.This is developed based on the sequential strategy,coupling an indirect-tier with direct-tier control structure design,wherein the intention is realized in the former stage and the latter is implemented for further optimization.The MV identification and pairing are achieved through variations in heat load of heat exchangers to design the indirect-tier control structure.Then the direct-tier control structure is followed the relative gain array pairing rules.With the proposed methodology,on the one hand,it generates an explicit connection between the MV pairings and the HEN configuration,and the quantitative interaction measure is improved to avoid the multiple solutions to break the relationship among all the control pairings into individuals;on the other hand,a two-tier control structure reveals control potentials and control system design requirements,this may avoid complex and economically unfavourable control and HEN structures.The application of proposed framework is illustrated with two cases involving the dynamic simulation analysis,the quantitative assessment and the random test.

A New Handover Management Model for Two-Tier 5G Mobile Networks

There has been an exponential rise in mobile data traffic in recent times due to the increasing popularity of portable devices like tablets,smartphones,and laptops.The rapid rise in the use of these portable devices has put extreme stress on the network service providers while forcing telecommunication engineers to look for innovative solutions to meet the increased demand.One solution to the problem is the emergence of fifth-generation(5G)wireless communication,which can address the challenges by offering very broad wireless area capacity and potential cut-power consumption.The application of small cells is the fundamental mechanism for the 5Gtechnology.The use of small cells can enhance the facility for higher capacity and reuse.However,it must be noted that small cells deployment will lead to frequent handovers of mobile nodes.Considering the importance of small cells in 5G,this paper aims to examine a new resource management scheme that can work to minimize the rate of handovers formobile phones through careful resources allocation in a two-tier network.Therefore,the resource management problem has been formulated as an optimization issue thatwe aim to overcome through an optimal solution.To find a solution to the existing problem of frequent handovers,a heuristic approach has been used.This solution is then evaluated and validated through simulation and testing,during which the performance was noted to improve by 12%in the context of handover costs.Therefore,this model has been observed to be more efficient as compared to the existing model.

“条块关系”视角下地方金融监管双重领导体制构建

在地方金融领域,我国目前已经初步建立起了中央和地方分权监管的双层监管体制。然而,该体制目前仍然存在地方政府缺乏畅通渠道表达主张的“单线联通”、监管权责配置不平衡等问题。我国现有国家管理体制、央地事权分配结构以及地方金融监管“中央统一领导”的核心制度要求,决定了地方金融监管只能沿着我国“条块关系”的双重领导方向发展完善。地方金融监管双重领导体制,要求在中央政府层面专设国务院地方金融业务主管部门承担地方金融监督管理职权,同时明确地方政府地方金融监管局的金融监管和风险处置的具体职责,畅通中央到地方、自上而下的“条条”管理格局。

改革开放以来农村基本经营制度创新的路径、绩效与经验

以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制是我国农村基本经营制度,它的确立,是中国农村改革的最大成果。农村基本经营制度是一个“三位一体”的完整的制度结构,家庭承包经营是双层经营体制的基础、农地承包是家庭承包经营的核心、统一经营是家庭承包经营的保障。改革开放以来,中国农村基本经营制度一直在不断地创新,其创新路径是围绕家庭承包经营制度、统一经营制度、农地承包制度三个方面展开。农村基本经营制度创新的绩效非常显著,农业生产总值大幅度提升,农民人均纯收入稳步增长,主要农产品人均占有量迅速增加。党在领导农民创新基本经营制度的过程中,积累了丰富的历史经验。

我国中基层法院审级职能定位改革试点问题及完善路径——以S省法院为样本

中基层法院审级职能定位是四级法院审级职能定位改革的重要支撑和基本组成。本次改革力图在中基层法院层面基本实现两审终审,并进一步发挥其在区域性治理中的司法延伸功能。在中基层法院受案情况的现状上,案件体量增长的实际现状虽然与预期判断存在一定出入,但增幅相对合理、质量稳定,案件数量变化总体符合预判,基层法院办案压力提升并不显著。在审级职能定位改革所面临的试点问题上,一方面,重难案下沉可能与基层法院审理能力及条件间、统一管辖标准下无差别下沉与地区差异间、行政案件下沉与地方行政干预间存在一定矛盾,可能会导致案件质量隐患;另一方面,中基层法院间的提级管辖仍存在部分操作难题,制约着中基层法院职能定位的有效落实,突出表现为:下报上案件的标准过于原则化不利于案件报送、部分下报上提案件存在需求错位与动力不足、内部请示制度的存续仍会压制提审制度的功能发挥等五个方面问题。在试点改革方案推行过程中,应当纠正“人案矛盾”职能定位主导、“案件无差别下沉”“高层级法院精装减负”的片面认知,突破部分狭隘的改革举措视野。在试点问题的具体完善建议上,一是要注意试点推进的总体方法,如完善中基层法院审级职能定位的具体规范,优化相关配套机制,提高司法人员的改革意识;二是要完善法律适用咨询机制,发挥其规范内部请示制度;三是要完善提级管辖案件运行机制,例如:提高中基层法院下报上提的积极性,强化特殊类型案件的识别机制。

基于两阶分区的MapReduce实验室系统负载均衡研究

在实验室系统处理海量原始数据时,实际应用场景中存在采样率高、偏度(skewness)高的特殊情况,导致在使用两阶分区算法在平衡同构环境下的Reducer节点负载时,无法有效地处理这些问题,为此,引入MapReduce的并行化处理,可以提高实验室系统中采样数据利用率;同时,为了解决数据偏度和采样度高的问题,则采用了ICSC分区调度的算法;经过实验证明,基于两阶分区的MapReduce负载均衡算法能够有效减少Mapper和Reducer节点空转的时间;随着数据偏度的增加,算法的执行时长基本不产生变化,即数据偏度对该算法执行时间的影响较小,此外,数据采样度的增加,ICSC分区调度算法也保持着对比模型中最少的时间开销;因此,基于两阶分区的MapReduce负载均衡算法弱化了Reducer节点间的依赖性,并提升MapReduce任务的执行效率和容错率,从而高效地实现MapReduce框架下的实验室系统中数据处理的负载均衡。

DCS⁃TCS二层一体化中单台PU服务器故障优化的研究

某核电厂分布式控制系统(DCS)⁃汽轮机控制系统(TCS)二层一体化中TCS侧单台过程处理(PU)服务器故障,会导致DCS⁃TCS控制权限非预期切换及DCS侧TCS所有相关画面变为洋红的问题。为解决该问题,对核电厂DCS⁃TCS控制权限切换逻辑及DCS画面显示状态判断逻辑进行研究。全面分析了两组逻辑所采用的状态字及其触发机制,并针对性提出DCS⁃TCS控制权限切换逻辑及DCS画面状态判断逻辑的优化方案。该方案有效解决了单台PU服务器故障导致的权限非预期切换及画面变洋红的问题,提升了DCS⁃TCS二层一体化的可靠性,满足了核电厂对DCS⁃TCS二层一体化安全性及可靠性的需求。该研究可为同类技术路线的DCS⁃TCS二层一体化设计提供借鉴。

计及用户需求响应的区域电网多主体优化运行策略

为提高百色区域电网运营效益和降低能耗用户的用电成本,促进可再生能源的消纳,提出一种计及能耗用户需求响应的区域电网双层优化调度策略。首先,分别以区域电网运营效益最大和能耗用户总用电成本最低为上下层优化目标,并通过上下层的迭代求得运营商最大收益和能耗用户最低用电成本;然后,基于合作博弈理论,采用核仁效益分摊法分配区域电网运营商收益;最后利用区域电网典型运行数据作为算例验证所提优化模型和效益分摊方法的有效性。

上皮性卵巢癌起源二元论及分子生物学基础

上皮性卵巢癌是卵巢恶性肿瘤中最常见的类型,也是恶性程度最高的妇科肿瘤,基于近年来一系列的形态学和分子遗传学研究可将上皮性卵巢癌分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。卵巢低级别浆液性腺癌属Ⅰ型来自交界性肿瘤,主要表现为微乳头形态伴KRAS和BRAF基因的突变,肿瘤呈渐进性发展,惰性病程,诊断时多数处于临床早期,预后较好。高级别浆液性腺癌属Ⅱ型,细胞异型性显著,多伴TP53突变,卵巢自身见不到前驱病变,呈高度侵袭性病程,多数来自输卵管伞端上皮的浆液性病变,确诊时常已处于临床晚期,发病快,生长迅速,侵袭性强,预后差。I型及II型卵巢癌表现出的生物学特性不同,在临床表现、预后等方面的明显差异提示了二者可能具有不同的起源及遗传学改变。本文将从分子遗传学角度对近期研究理论并从"二元"角度来探讨上皮性卵巢癌的起源进行综述。

行政许可后续监管体系中双罚制引入问题研究

组织监管异质性是将双罚制引入组织型行政许可监管责任体系之基本前提。组织违法结构双层特性决定了单罚制所具有的"敲山震虎"式监管缺憾;组织规模特性加剧了行政许可持有人监管事实信息优势地位,降低了其违法成本与难度,而"熟人"监管背景特性则放大了组织型行政许可持有人"管制俘虏"能力。双罚制具有两个层面的制度价值:一是作为监管惩戒机制,其增强了行政许可持有人违法阻却力量,加大了行政许可持有人违法成本;二是作为守法责任传递机制,双罚制在驱动行为个体自律的同时,也在倒逼组织自律,激发组织守法内生动力的生成。双罚制的科学合理建构需以解决适用范围、责任分配、行为责任个体确定三个方面的标准问题为支撑。

企业MIS的两层结构

企业信息系统所面临的环境一直处于变化之中 ,因此企业信息系统应该是一个动态的系统.结合一个企业的信息系统开发提出了一个基于Internet的企业MIS的两层结构逻辑模型 ,使信息系统具有较强的自我组织、自我发展、自动适应环境变化的能力.

中医院校学术英语课程体系的双层构建

学术英语(EAP)是为满足学习者的特定需求设置的,是依托专业内容的语言教学。本文基于中医院校医学专业本科生和研究生的需求差异,提出了以需求为导向,以应用为指向,以输出为驱动的EAP课程体系双层构建的设想。这一体系基于本科生的专业英语需求开展中医英语教学,基于研究生的学术能力需求开展英文医学论文写作教学,并分别设计实施了项目教学法和线上线下相结合的混合式教学模式。这种基于需求差异构建的EAP课程体系,解决了长期以来英语学习和专业脱节的问题,能够培养医学本科生的专业英语能力,提升研究生EAP写作水平。

面向双层传感网的安全Top-k查询协议

在物联网感知系统中,双层传感器网络(two-tiered wireless sensor networks,TWSNs)因其具有较好的网络健壮性和可扩展性而备受关注.然而,TWSNs中仍存在一些安全问题需要解决.在TWSNs中,位于上层的主管节点是其关键节点,攻击者易通过捕获主管节点来破坏数据的隐私性,甚至破坏查询结果的数据完整性.针对TWSNs中Top-k查询的数据隐私性和完整性保护问题,提出了一种基于顺序保留加密技术(order preserving encryption scheme,OPES)、对称密钥加密技术和数据权值关联技术的安全Top-k查询处理协议(verifiable privacy-and-integrity preservation,VPP).利用这些技术,VPP通过制定特定的传感器节点数据预处理方法和主管节点查询处理方法,并利用Sink(用户)端的Top-k查询结果数据完整性检验方法来实现Top-k查询的数据隐私性和完整性保护.理论分析和实验结果表明:VPP不仅具有更好的安全性,同时在Top-k查询处理的能效性方面也优于已有工作,并具有较低的计算复杂度.