In Zimapan Valley, Mexico, up to 1.1 mg·L-1 of arsenic concentrations have been detected in deep wells that are used as drinking water supply for almost 39,000 people, which could have been exposed to level...In Zimapan Valley, Mexico, up to 1.1 mg·L-1 of arsenic concentrations have been detected in deep wells that are used as drinking water supply for almost 39,000 people, which could have been exposed to levels higher than 10 μg·L-1 of arsenic, the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization. Chronic consumption of water contaminated with arsenic can cause several diseases, including cancer. For it, the implementation of practical and economical methods to remove arsenic from drinking water is crucial to protect the population health. In this work, an electrochemical method to remove arsenic from drinking water is described. The process, monitored by Tyndall effect, utilizes Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions from a brass electrode in an electrochemical cell with water as electrolyte. Results show that the EC process reduces the concentration of the arsenic diluted in Zimapan water to a level below the limit of detection of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer employed. Arsenic was removed through the formation of Cu and Zn arsenic compounds. Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions form a hydroxide and eventually polycrystalline precipitation of kottigite and cornubite complexes (identified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction), which are then filtered to eliminate the precipitated arsenic compounds.展开更多
In order to more easily measure the concentration of solution with the Tyndall phenomenon in the outdoor, a portable instrument using imageprocessing for collecting and processing images of Tyndall phenomenon is propo...In order to more easily measure the concentration of solution with the Tyndall phenomenon in the outdoor, a portable instrument using imageprocessing for collecting and processing images of Tyndall phenomenon is proposed. The software and hardware of light measurement module of the portable instrument are described in this paper, including the selection of the incident light and the image sensor. Then the optical path of the captured picture was extracted and the light intensity value was calculated. Through the standard sample, the linear relationship between the light intensity in the Tyndall phenomenon and the concentration was fitted to determine the concentration of the colloidal liquid to be tested. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the method of obtaining the concentration of colloidal liquid by using the relationship between the RGB mean of the image and the light intensity of Tyndall can control the error within 10%, which meets the preliminary test requirements.展开更多
When the red laser illuminates the lyosol, the Tyndall effect will form a light path with a certain distance, and the optical properties of the lyosol will have a certain influence on the Tyndall light intensity. This...When the red laser illuminates the lyosol, the Tyndall effect will form a light path with a certain distance, and the optical properties of the lyosol will have a certain influence on the Tyndall light intensity. This paper mainly aims at the theoretical and experimental studies on the change situation of the lyosol concentration and the attenuation characteristics of the light path when the red laser changes with the distance of the light path in the solution. In order to study the effect of lyosol concentration on the Tyndall light path, digital image technology was applied to the measurement of lyosol concentration. Due to the non-contact property of the image, the liquid concentration can be measured accurately in real time. The attenuation characteristics of the laser in the lyosol were obtained by image processing technology, and the quantitative relationship between the attenuation coefficient of the Tyndall light path and the lyosol concentration was obtained.展开更多
By Tyndall effect, the observation of electronic microscope, super-filtering experiment and determination of the electric conductivity of non-aqueous system proved that Fe(naph)2-Al(i-Bu)3- CH2=CHCH2CI catalyst was a ...By Tyndall effect, the observation of electronic microscope, super-filtering experiment and determination of the electric conductivity of non-aqueous system proved that Fe(naph)2-Al(i-Bu)3- CH2=CHCH2CI catalyst was a colloidal disperse system in butadiene-contained hydrogenated gasoline solvent. Catalytic activity sites were located on the surface of colloidal particles. So the catalyst was colloidal catalyst. Al (i-Bu)3 existed in associated state and dissociated into ion couple. The reaction between the ion couple and Fe(naph)2 was the chief reaction to form colloidal core. Di-i-butylaluminum chloride produced by the reaction between the ion couple and CH2=CHCH2C1 formed an active site on the surface of the core. The electric double layer yielded by a proper excess Al (i-Bu)3 made the colloidal particles comparatively stable. The catalyst particles are amorphous. The ratio of catalyst components affected the shape of colloidal particles, among which the colloidal particles of the optimal ratio were small in size, even distributed and with high catalytic activity. Since the catalyst was of the coalescence unstable colloidal system, in the period of aging, the colloidal particles aggregated and grew quickly, so its activity was decreased obviously.展开更多
A highly stable and luminescent metal-organic framework(LMOF) with layered structure,namely,C6H4N5OZn(1) has been successfully achieved and fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffract...A highly stable and luminescent metal-organic framework(LMOF) with layered structure,namely,C6H4N5OZn(1) has been successfully achieved and fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffractions,fluorescence titration and thermogravimetry.This blue-light emitting compound 1 exhibit outstanding stability and can detect Fe3+ and Cu2+ in water specifically,presenting potential application in the field of fluorescent probe technology.Fluorescence titration experiments indicate that the detection of Fe3+ ions by 1 is more significant than that of Cu2+ ions in terms of Ksv value.Furthermore,guest-assisted exfoliation of layered MOF 1 is efficiently carried out through ether O—H hydrogen bond or π…π interactions between the layered host structure and intercalated guest molecules(4,4’-oxybisbenzoic acid and triphenylamine).Tyndal scattering was observed in the suspensions of obtained MOF nanosheets.This study shows that the compound 1 with unique metal ion sensing properties can be applied as a probe material in water pollution treatment field,but also opens up the opportunity for synthesizing luminescent MONs through the "bottom-up" guest intercalation methodology.展开更多
文摘In Zimapan Valley, Mexico, up to 1.1 mg·L-1 of arsenic concentrations have been detected in deep wells that are used as drinking water supply for almost 39,000 people, which could have been exposed to levels higher than 10 μg·L-1 of arsenic, the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization. Chronic consumption of water contaminated with arsenic can cause several diseases, including cancer. For it, the implementation of practical and economical methods to remove arsenic from drinking water is crucial to protect the population health. In this work, an electrochemical method to remove arsenic from drinking water is described. The process, monitored by Tyndall effect, utilizes Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions from a brass electrode in an electrochemical cell with water as electrolyte. Results show that the EC process reduces the concentration of the arsenic diluted in Zimapan water to a level below the limit of detection of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer employed. Arsenic was removed through the formation of Cu and Zn arsenic compounds. Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions form a hydroxide and eventually polycrystalline precipitation of kottigite and cornubite complexes (identified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction), which are then filtered to eliminate the precipitated arsenic compounds.
文摘In order to more easily measure the concentration of solution with the Tyndall phenomenon in the outdoor, a portable instrument using imageprocessing for collecting and processing images of Tyndall phenomenon is proposed. The software and hardware of light measurement module of the portable instrument are described in this paper, including the selection of the incident light and the image sensor. Then the optical path of the captured picture was extracted and the light intensity value was calculated. Through the standard sample, the linear relationship between the light intensity in the Tyndall phenomenon and the concentration was fitted to determine the concentration of the colloidal liquid to be tested. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the method of obtaining the concentration of colloidal liquid by using the relationship between the RGB mean of the image and the light intensity of Tyndall can control the error within 10%, which meets the preliminary test requirements.
文摘When the red laser illuminates the lyosol, the Tyndall effect will form a light path with a certain distance, and the optical properties of the lyosol will have a certain influence on the Tyndall light intensity. This paper mainly aims at the theoretical and experimental studies on the change situation of the lyosol concentration and the attenuation characteristics of the light path when the red laser changes with the distance of the light path in the solution. In order to study the effect of lyosol concentration on the Tyndall light path, digital image technology was applied to the measurement of lyosol concentration. Due to the non-contact property of the image, the liquid concentration can be measured accurately in real time. The attenuation characteristics of the laser in the lyosol were obtained by image processing technology, and the quantitative relationship between the attenuation coefficient of the Tyndall light path and the lyosol concentration was obtained.
文摘By Tyndall effect, the observation of electronic microscope, super-filtering experiment and determination of the electric conductivity of non-aqueous system proved that Fe(naph)2-Al(i-Bu)3- CH2=CHCH2CI catalyst was a colloidal disperse system in butadiene-contained hydrogenated gasoline solvent. Catalytic activity sites were located on the surface of colloidal particles. So the catalyst was colloidal catalyst. Al (i-Bu)3 existed in associated state and dissociated into ion couple. The reaction between the ion couple and Fe(naph)2 was the chief reaction to form colloidal core. Di-i-butylaluminum chloride produced by the reaction between the ion couple and CH2=CHCH2C1 formed an active site on the surface of the core. The electric double layer yielded by a proper excess Al (i-Bu)3 made the colloidal particles comparatively stable. The catalyst particles are amorphous. The ratio of catalyst components affected the shape of colloidal particles, among which the colloidal particles of the optimal ratio were small in size, even distributed and with high catalytic activity. Since the catalyst was of the coalescence unstable colloidal system, in the period of aging, the colloidal particles aggregated and grew quickly, so its activity was decreased obviously.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21671084)NSF of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20131244)+5 种基金Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province(No.2014-XCL-008)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Innovation Program of Graduate Students in JiangsuProvince(No.KYLX16-0508)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionInnovation Program for Graduate Student from Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(No.YCX15S-19)the Foundation of Jiangsu Educational Committee(No.16KJB430011)。
文摘A highly stable and luminescent metal-organic framework(LMOF) with layered structure,namely,C6H4N5OZn(1) has been successfully achieved and fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffractions,fluorescence titration and thermogravimetry.This blue-light emitting compound 1 exhibit outstanding stability and can detect Fe3+ and Cu2+ in water specifically,presenting potential application in the field of fluorescent probe technology.Fluorescence titration experiments indicate that the detection of Fe3+ ions by 1 is more significant than that of Cu2+ ions in terms of Ksv value.Furthermore,guest-assisted exfoliation of layered MOF 1 is efficiently carried out through ether O—H hydrogen bond or π…π interactions between the layered host structure and intercalated guest molecules(4,4’-oxybisbenzoic acid and triphenylamine).Tyndal scattering was observed in the suspensions of obtained MOF nanosheets.This study shows that the compound 1 with unique metal ion sensing properties can be applied as a probe material in water pollution treatment field,but also opens up the opportunity for synthesizing luminescent MONs through the "bottom-up" guest intercalation methodology.
