Comparison of Type I Error Rates of Siegel-Tukey and Savage Tests among Non-Parametric Tests

This study aimed to examine the performance of the Siegel-Tukey and Savage tests on data sets with heterogeneous variances. The analysis, considering Normal, Platykurtic, and Skewed distributions and a standard deviation ratio of 1, was conducted for both small and large sample sizes. For small sample sizes, two main categories were established: equal and different sample sizes. Analyses were performed using Monte Carlo simulations with 20,000 repetitions for each scenario, and the simulations were evaluated using SAS software. For small sample sizes, the I. type error rate of the Siegel-Tukey test generally ranged from 0.045 to 0.055, while the I. type error rate of the Savage test was observed to range from 0.016 to 0.041. Similar trends were observed for Platykurtic and Skewed distributions. In scenarios with different sample sizes, the Savage test generally exhibited lower I. type error rates. For large sample sizes, two main categories were established: equal and different sample sizes. For large sample sizes, the I. type error rate of the Siegel-Tukey test ranged from 0.047 to 0.052, while the I. type error rate of the Savage test ranged from 0.043 to 0.051. In cases of equal sample sizes, both tests generally had lower error rates, with the Savage test providing more consistent results for large sample sizes. In conclusion, it was determined that the Savage test provides lower I. type error rates for small sample sizes and that both tests have similar error rates for large sample sizes. These findings suggest that the Savage test could be a more reliable option when analyzing variance differences.

A Score Type Test for General Autoregressive Models in Time Series

This paper is devoted to the goodness-of-fit test for the general autoregressive models in time series. By averaging for the weighted residuals, we construct a score type test which is asymptotically standard chi-squared under the null and has some desirable power properties under the alternatives. Specifically, the test is sensitive to alternatives and can detect the alternatives approaching, along a direction, the null at a rate that is arbitrarily close to n-1/2. Furthermore, when the alternatives are not directional, we construct asymptotically distribution-free maximin tests for a large class of alternatives. The performance of the tests is evaluated through simulation studies.

TESTING THE ADEQUACY OF GARCH-TYPE MODELS IN TIME SERIES

In this article a new approach for checking the adequacy of GARCH-type models in time series was proposed. The resulted tests involve weight functions, which provide them with the flexibility in choosing scores to enhance power performance. The choice of weight functions and the power properties of the tests are studied. For a large number of alternatives, asymptotically distribution-free maximin test is constructed. The tests are asymptotically chi-squared under the null hypothesis and easy to implement. Simulation results indicate that the tests perform well.

PERCENTAGE POINTS AND POWER OF AK-S TYPE TEST FOR LINEARITY IN AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME SERIES

The empirical upper percentage points of the null distribution of a Kolmogorov-Smirnov type test for checking linearity in autoregressive models are tabulated in this paper, and the good power property of the test is demonstrated.

Genetic test in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: An evolving story

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1) is an autosomal dominant inherited tumour syndrome expressing various endocrine and non-endocrine lesions and tumours. Since the identification of the causative gene, the oncosuppressor gene MEN1, in 1997, genetic testing has revealed an important approach for the early and differential diagnosis of the disease. The finding of a MEN1 mutation in a patient has important clinical implications for relatives since it allows very early disease diagnosis and identification of carriers, even before biochemical and/or clinical manifestation, permitting their inclusion in a specific program of surveillance and subsequent praecox therapy. Currently, genetic testing for MEN1 consists principally of the sequencing of coding regions and intron-exon junctions of the MEN1 gene. However, the recent acquisition of novel high throughput technologies will allow the design of innovative, accurate, complete and rapid genetic diagnosis. These new tools are able to increase the strength of the analysis and almost completely eliminate the possibility of false negative results. This review aims to give an overview on genetic testing of MEN1 syndrome, reporting the positive aspects of performing the analysis and the future perspectives for improving the performance of the test, as well as its application in clinical practice.

Evaluation and diagnostic testing of erectile dysfunction in the era of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

The diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction has changed dramatically since the availability of safe and effective oral therapies. Unfortunately, not all men can be adequately treated in this way, and might require more invasive testing to diagnose and treat the specific cause of their dysfunction. This review looks at the tests and strategies available for men who cannot be treated by oral therapy alone.

An Immunochromatographic Strip Test for Rapid Detection of Antibodies against Porcine Circovirus Type 2

Porcine cimovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection causes huge economic losses, but no serological method is available for batch detection of field samples. The aim of the study was to develop a method for large-batch detection of PCV2 infection. Colloidal gold-labeled staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was sprayed on glass fibers to prepare a conjugate pad. The recombinant ORF2 protein of PCV2 was blotted on the test line of the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, and pig IgG was streaked on the control line of the NC membrane. Then, the immunochromatographic strip was used for detection of antibodies against PCV2. The results show that the strip test was simple and the results could be determined within 10 min with naked eyes. The test strip was highly specific for pig serum against PCV2 and no cross-reaction with pig serum against other pathogens was observed. The test strip had close similarity with ELISA. Storage at RT for 6 months did not affect the specificity and sensitivity obviously. A total of 324 clinical pig sera were detected by both ELISA and the developed test strip, and the coincidence was 98.77%. Therefore, the developed immunochromatographic strip is specific, sensitive, stable, fast and simple, and it is suitable for on-site detection of antibodies against PCV2.

Response of low active GLP-1 like substances to test meal in obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with obese controls with normal glucose tolerance

Background: A secretion of plasma active GLP-1 (p-active GLP-1) after ingestion of breakfast test meal (TM) is decreased in obese European patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there was no significant difference in pactive GLP-1 secretion following TM between obese Japanese patients with T2DM and controls. The findings indicate the difference may be due to different races or dietary’s customs of subjects. Aims: We examined whether pactive GLP-1 is truly affected by TM in obese Japanese patients (n = 24, group 1) and obese controls (n = 12, group 2). Methods: Glucose (PG), insulin (s-IRI), C-peptide (s-CPR) and active GLP-1 like substances (p-active GLP-1-S) levels in blood were measured 0, 30 and 60 min after TM. Obese Japanese patients with mean 9 years of diabetes had micro- and macro-vascular disturbances and were treated with diet, exercise and/or oral drugs for hyperglycemia. Results: There was no significant difference in sex, age or BMI between groups. Means HbA1c and PG were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. There were no significant differences in means of basal s-IRI, HOMA-R and s-CPR between groups. However, means of HOMA-β, insulinogenic index, postprandial s-IRI, s-CPR and p-active GLP-1-S or p-active GLP-1-S/PG values after TM were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusions: These results indicate that a response of p-active GLP-1-S after TM in obese Japanese patients with T2DM was decreased and secretion of GLP-1 relative to PG was impaired. The method of enhancing function of active GLP-1 may be useful for treatment in some of patients with diabetes mellitus.

On the Distribution of Type II Errors in Hypothesis Testing

When a statistical test of hypothesis for a population mean is performed, we are faced with the possibility of committing a Type II error by not rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact the population mean has changed. We consider this issue and quantify matters in a manner that differs a bit from what is commonly done. In particular, we define the probability distribution function for Type II errors. We then explore some interesting properties that we have not seen mentioned elsewhere for this probability distribution function. Finally, we discuss several Maple procedures that can be used to perform various calculations using the distribution.

直线导轨式隔震装置的设计与性能研究

为确保馆藏文物的地震安全,研制出一款新型直线导轨式隔震装置,采用振动台试验和理论分析方法对其有效性进行验证。首先阐述装置的构造和工作机理,推导出装置的刚度和黏滞阻尼系数表达式;然后制作原型样机并通过振动台试验验证其隔震有效性;最后依据所测基本参数,建立装置单向水平隔震系统的动力方程并开展数值分析。结果表明,该隔震装置结构简单、性能可靠,具有摩擦系数低、起滑加速度阈值小,以及刚度和阻尼灵活可调的特点;它可以在满足位移限值的情况下达到设定隔震目标,且自复位效能力强、残余位移小。装置理论分析结果与试验实测动力响应吻合程度高,且吻合程度随地震动峰值的提高而进一步增强。该理论分析方法可以用于指导装置参数设计和隔震性能评估。

Inference for constant-stress accelerated life test with Type-I progressively hybrid censored data from Burr-XII distribution

This paper proposes a simple constant-stress accel- erated life test （ALT） model from Burr type XII distribution when the data are Type-I progressively hybrid censored. The maximum likelihood estimation （MLE） of the parameters is obtained through the numerical method for solving the likelihood equations. Approxi- mate confidence interval （CI）, based on normal approximation to the asymptotic distribution of MLE and percentile bootstrap Cl is derived. Finally, a numerical example is introduced and then a Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to illustrate the pro- posed method.

鱼香鱿鱼卷预调理食品的研发

该研究以市售鱿鱼和市售各类调味料为原料,从调味料的配比、主料的烹制方法、产品的杀菌工艺3个方面对鱼香鱿鱼卷的加工工艺进行了研究。以感官评分为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验得出调味料的最优配比为精盐4 g、醋10 g、糖20 g、酱油10 g、姜末和蒜末各15 g、鱼眼葱20 g、泡辣椒30 g、鲜汤200 g。对主料采用煮制、蒸制、炸制3种不同熟制方式熟制,以感官评分为指标,确定最优熟制方式为炸制;将最优熟制方式处理后的鱿鱼卷抽真空分装后采用3种不同杀菌方式处理,在相同储存条件下储存,观测并记录样品品质变化情况,以菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮值、pH值为指标,确定最佳杀菌方法为微波杀菌。该工艺条件处理下的预调理鱼香鱿鱼卷保质期长且色香味美。

现浇连接与套筒装配连接对墙板节点抗震性能影响

装配式建筑的关键问题是连接,因此,为了解现浇与套筒不同连接方式对陶粒混凝土复合墙板节点抗震性能的影响规律,本文设计了3个现浇构件和1个装配式套筒连接构件。此类构件保温隔热性能良好,解决了外墙保温板易脱落问题。通过低周反复试验分别研究了构件的破坏模式、滞回及骨架曲线、承载能力、刚度、耗能、残余变形等抗震性能。结果表明:两类构件的破坏区域主要发生在翼缘板和腹板上,尤其是在腹板脚部的混凝土被拉裂或压碎,钢筋被拉长或压弯;构件的节点核心区相对完好,符合“强节点,弱构件”设计要求,破坏模式均属于弯剪破坏。装配式套筒连接构件的正负向峰值荷载与现浇构件相比分别提升了12.71%和4.95%,承载力表现相对良好。套筒连接构件的整体刚度曲线高于现浇构件,初始刚度与现浇构件相比提高了7.53%,抗侧刚度明显加强。套筒连接方式在加载后期能较好地减小墙板构件的残余变形,可恢复性能好;两类构件的强度退化曲线较接近,强度变化相对稳定;套筒连接构件和现浇构件的强度退化系数及曲线发展趋势相似,两类构件基本能等同。因此,陶粒混凝土复合墙板节点采用套筒连接方式有效,整体工作性能良好,可为此类构件在实际工程中的应用提供参考。

Kolmogorov-Smirnov APF Test for Inhomogeneous Poisson Processes with Shift Parameter

In this article, we study the Kolmogorov-Smirnov type goodness-of-fit test for the inhomogeneous Poisson process with the unknown translation parameter as multidimensional parameter. The basic hypothesis and the alternative are composite and carry to the intensity measure of inhomogeneous Poisson process and the intensity function is regular. For this model of shift parameter, we propose test which is asymptotically partially distribution free and consistent. We show that under null hypothesis the limit distribution of this statistic does not depend on unknown parameter.

Wipe Test在HLA组织配型实验室污染监测及预防管理中的应用

目的建立人类白细胞抗原(HLA)组织配型实验室常规DNA污染监测试验体系,预防和消除可能会干扰检测准确性的PCR产物或基因组DNA的污染。方法设计含多种阴阳性对照和各关键监测点的完整反应链,针对HLA-Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类基因扩增区域内的非多态区进行引物特异性PCR,琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定扩增产物;对被污染监测点进行局部灭活处理后对相应监测点重新采样进行灭活验证;同时采取不定期抽查监测与定期全面监测相结合的方式确保实验过程零污染。结果灭活处理及整改后,所监测HLA基因分型实验过程中的核酸抽提区、PCR加样区、PCR扩增区、下游产物处理区4个区域的主要监测点污染监测结果均合格。结论该研究建立的以Wipe Test为核心的DNA防污染监测实验体系能够有效监测和灭活验证可能会干扰检测准确性的PCR产物或基因组DNA的污染,是HLA组织配型实验室质量控制管理程序的重要组成部分。

联合指标对缺血性卒中中医辨证分型的诊断价值评价

目的探究联合指标对缺血性卒中不同证型的诊断价值,为西医及基层医生对于缺血性卒中中医辨证分型提供客观依据。方法以2021年8月至2022年4月收集到的589名缺血性卒中患者为研究对象,参照相关标准将其分为风痰上扰证、肝阳暴亢证、气虚血瘀证、阴虚风动证、痰热内闭清窍证、痰湿蒙塞清窍证6种证型,利用工作者特征(ROC)曲线分析疾病史、血清指标等对不同证型诊断的价值。结果UA、高血压、饮酒联合诊断风痰上扰诊断价值较高,AUC为0.865(95%CI:0.800~0.929),灵敏度100%,特异度66.6%;UA、心率、PLT、失眠、高血压联合诊断肝阳暴亢诊断价值较高,AUC为0.734(95%CI:0.674~0.774),灵敏度81.7%,特异度58.3%;UA、PLT、(离)退休联合诊断痰热内闭清窍诊断价值较高,AUC为0.587(95%CI:0.529~0.645),灵敏度94.1%,特异度22.6%;心率、RBC、(离)退休、高血压联合诊断气虚血瘀诊断价值较高,AUC为0.700(95%CI:0.656~0.745),灵敏度57.2%,特异度75.9%;UA、PLT、高血压、失眠、饮酒、颈内动脉斑块、糖尿病联合诊断阴虚风动诊断价值较高,AUC为0.893(95%CI:0.853~0.933),灵敏度89.3%,特异度80.0%;UA、高血压联合诊断痰湿蒙塞清窍诊断价值较高,AUC为0.622(95%CI:0.538~0.705),灵敏度71.7%,特异度51.2%。结论UA、高血压贯穿疾病始终,联合指标对缺血性卒中不同证型诊断价值不同,可作为辨证分型的参考。

柔性条式疏花执行装置试验研究

疏花可以调整果树负载量,是影响果树产量和质量的重要因素。为研究机械疏花效果及其影响因素,采用自主研发的柔性条式疏花机执行装置对桃花进行试验,选取橡胶和尼龙两种材料的疏花条,以疏花条轴向间距、疏花条列数、主轴转速、工作模式为试验因素,以疏花指数来评价疏花效果,并优化了装置的工作参数。结果表明:若采用尼龙疏花,疏花轴转速为400 r/min、疏花条列数为4、工作模式为冠内垂直、疏花条轴向间距为5 cm时效果最优;若采用胶条疏花,疏花轴转速为450 r/min、疏花条列数为4、工作模式为冠外平行、疏花条轴向间距为4 cm时效果最优。经试验验证,设计满足疏花的工作要求,为柔性条式疏花机的研发提供了理论依据。

Study of the Effect of High-Voltage Low-Frequency Electrotherapy on Type 2 Diabetes in an in Vivo Model

The study investigates the impact of high-voltage low-frequency electrotherapy on glucose levels and hematological parameters in an in vivo model of type 2 diabetes. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in glucose increases during glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and suggest potential mechanisms, including improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation. Hematological analysis indicates no adverse effects of electrotherapy on healthy or diabetic mice. This study supports the potential of high-voltage low-frequency electrotherapy as an adjunctive treatment for type 2 diabetes, warranting further research into its mechanisms and long-term effects.

TypeⅡ试验下ε（λ，μ）分布位置参数的EB估计

讨论了在ＴｙｐｅⅡ（无替换定数截尾）试验方案下，当产品寿命为双参数指数分布时，位置参数μ的经验Ｂａｙｅｓ（简记ＥＢ）估计及其收敛速度问题。设受试产品有ｎ个，试验中前ｒ个产品依次出现的失效时间为ｔ（１）≤ｔ（２）≤…≤ｔ（ｒ），令记：μ的Ｂａｙｅｓ点估计为（ｘ，ｙ），利用密度函数及其偏导数的核估计构造出μ的ＥＢ估计为（ｘ，ｙ），（ｘ，ｙ）与（ｘ，ｙ）的Ｂａｙｅｓ风险分别为Ｒ＿（２ｘ）与Ｒ＿（２ｍ）。在一定的正则条件下，证明了这表明，μ的ＥＢ估计的收敛速度ｑ可任意接近于１／４。

液压式减速器在快开式角阀的应用

探讨了液压式减速器在快开式角阀中的应用,详细介绍了液压式减速器的工作原理、关键组件及其功能,以及快开式角阀的结构与操作特性,并分析了二者的集成设计和性能优化策略。通过一系列性能测试,验证了集成系统在响应速度、压力承受能力、流量控制、耐久性、温度适应性和抗振性能等方面的优越表现。结果表明,液压式减速器与快开式角阀的结合提高了流体控制的效率和可靠性,适用于化工、石油、天然气、水处理和制药等行业。