SecReT6 update:a comprehensive resource of bacterial TypeⅥSecretion Systems

TypeⅥSecretion System(T6SS)plays significant roles in microbial activities via injecting effectors into adjacent cells or environments.T6SS increasingly gained attention due to its important influence on pathogenesis,microbial competition,etc.T6SS-associated research is explosively expanding on numerous grounds that call for an efficient resource.The SecReT6 version3 provides comprehensive information on T6SS and the interactions between T6SS and T6SS-related proteins such as T6SS regulators and T6SS effectors.To assist T6SS researches like microbial competition and regulatory mechanisms,SecReT6 v3developed online tools for detection and analysis of T6SS and T6SS-related proteins and estimation of T6SS-dependent killing risk.We have identified a novel T6SS regulator and T6SS-dependent killing capacity in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates with the aid of SecReT6 v3.17,212 T6SSs and plentiful T6SS-related proteins in 26,573 bacterial complete genomes were also detected,analyzed and incorporated into the database.The database is freely available at https://bioinfo-mml.sjtu.edu.cn/SecReT6/.

Mannogalactoglucan from mushrooms protects pancreatic islets via restoring UPR and promotes insulin secretion in TIDM mice

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) lacks insulin secretion due to autoimmune deficiency of pancreaticβ-cells.Protecting pancreatic islets and enhancing insulin secretion has been therapeutic approaches.Mannogalactoglucan is the main type of polysaccharide from natural mushroom,which has potential medicinal prospects.Nevertheless,the antidiabetic property of mannogalactoglucan in T1DM has not been fully elucidated.In this study,we obtained the neutral fraction of alkali-soluble Armillaria mellea polysaccharide(AAMP-N) with the structure of mannogalactoglucan from the fruiting body of A.mellea and investigated the potential therapeutic value of AAMP-N in T1DM.We demonstrated that AAMP-N lowered blood glucose and improved diabetes symptoms in T1DM mice.AAMP-N activated unfolded protein response(UPR) signaling pathway to maintain ER protein folding homeostasis and promote insulin secretion in vivo.Besides that,AAMP-N promoted insulin synthesis via upregulating the expression of transcription factors,increased Ca^(2+) signals to stimulate intracellular insulin secretory vesicle transport via activating calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase Ⅱ(CamkⅡ) and cAMP/PKA signals,and enhanced insulin secretory vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane via vesicle-associated membrane protein 2(VAMP2).Collectively,these studies demonstrated that the therapeutic potential of AAMP-N on pancreatic islets function,indicating that mannogalactoglucan could be natural nutraceutical used for the treatment of T1DM.

Neurotransmitters regulateβcells insulin secretion:A neglected factor

βcells are the main cells responsible for the hypoglycemic function of pancreatic islets,and the insulin secreted by these cells is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels in the human body.βcells are regulated by various factors,among which neurotransmitters make an important contribution.This paper discusses the effects of neurotransmitters secreted by various sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves onβcells and summarizes the mechanisms by which various neurotransmitters regulate insulin secretion.Many neurotransmitters do not have a single source and are not only released from nerve terminals but also synthesized byβcells themselves,allowing them to synergistically regulate insulin secretion.Almost all of these neurotransmitters depend on the presence of glucose to function,and their actions are mostly related to the Ca^(2+)and cAMP concentrations.Although neurotransmitters have been extensively studied,many of their mechanisms remain unclear and require further exploration by researchers.

Orf1/SpcS Chaperones ExoS for Type Three Secretion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objective Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen that uses the type Ⅲ secretion system （TTSS） to inject effector proteins directly into the cytosol of target cells to subvert the host cell＇s functions. Specialized bacterial chaperones are required for effective secretion of some effectors. To identify the chaperone of ExoS, the representative effector secreted by the TTSS of P aeruginosa, we analyzed the role of a postulated chaperone termed Orfl. Methods By allelic exchange, we constructed the mutant with the deletion of gene Orfl. Analysis of secreted and cell-associated fractions was performed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Using strain expressing in trans Orfl, tagged by V5 polypeptide and histidine, protein-protein interaction was determined by affinity resin pull-down assay in combination with MALDI-TOF The role of Orfl in the expression of exoS was evaluated by gene reporter analysis. Results Pull-down assay showed that Orfl binds to ExoS and ExoT. Secretion profile analysis showed that Orfl was necessary for the optimal secretion of ExoS and ExoT. However, Orfl had no effect on the expression of exoS. Conclusion Orfl is important for the secretion of ExoS probably by maintaining ExoS in a secretion-competent conformation. We propose to name Orfl as SpcS for ＂specific Pseudomonas chaperone for ExoS＂.

Influence of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on pentagastrinstimulated gastric acid secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls

瞄准：胃的禁止的多肽是响应滋养的摄取和行为从肠的 K 房间被分泌一在里面在人的生理学的白痴荷尔蒙。当动物实验作为胃液分泌的一个禁止者为 GIP 建议了一个角色时，在人的胃的酸输出上的 GIP 效果仍然是争论的。方法：Pentagastrin 以 1 microg 的注入率被管理。kg (-1) 。h (在在有类型 2 糖尿病的 8 个病人的 300 min 上的 -1)(2 女性， 6 男性， 54+/- 10 年， BMI 30.5+/- 2.2 kg/m (2 ) ；自治神经病的没有历史) 并且 8 个健康题目(2/6， 46+/- 6 年， 28.9+/- 5.3 kg/m (2 )) 。hyperglycaemic clamp (140 mg/dl ) 在 240 min 上被执行。安慰剂，在生理的剂量的 GIP (1 pmol。kg (-1) 。min (在药理学的 -1)), 和 GIP 开(4 pmol。kg (-1) 。min (-1)) 各在 60 min 上被管理。安慰剂， 20 pmol GIP/kg，和 80 pmol GIP/kg 的大丸药分别地在每个注入时期的开始静脉内地被注射。胃的体积，酸和氯化物输出在 15-min 间隔被分析。毛状并且静脉血样品为葡萄糖和全部的 GIP 的决心被拉。统计被重复措施 ANOVA 和单程的 ANOVA 执行。结果：在 hyperglycaemic 期间， clamp 试验的血浆葡萄糖集中不在有类型 2 糖尿病和控制的病人之间是不同的。不变的 GIP 血浆层次是 61+/- 8 并且 79+/- 12 pmol/l 在期间低剂量并且 327+/- 35 并且 327+/- 17 pmol/l 在 GIP 的高剂量的注入期间在健康控制题目并且在有类型 2 糖尿病的病人，分别地(P=0.23 和 P=0.99 ) 。Pentagastrin 显著地增加了胃的酸和氯化物分泌物(P【 0.001 ) 。处于在有安慰剂或 GIP 的任何剂量的试验性的时期之间的胃的酸或氯化物输出的率没有有效差量。胃的酸和氯化物分泌物的时间的模式在有类型 2 糖尿病和健康控制的病人是类似的(P=0.86 和 P=0.61，分别地) 。结论：刺激 Pentagastrin 的胃的酸分泌物在有类型 2 糖尿病和健康控制的病人是类似的。GIP 管理不在生理或药理学的血浆层次影响胃的酸分泌物。因此， GIP 看起来充当一在里面白痴而非作为在人的生理学的肠抑胃素。

Molecular Cloning,Bioinformatics Analysis and Expression Analysis of Type III Secretion System(T3SS)Injectisome Gene vscX from Vibrio alginolyticus

In order to enrich the research about type III secretion system （T3SS） injectisome of Vibrio alginolyticus, vscX gene was cloned from E algianlyticus strain HY9901 for bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis. Specific primers were designed according to the full-length geanme sequence of V. alginolyticus in GenBank. vscX gene （C, enBank accession number： FR780679） contained a 378 bp open reading frame （ORF）, encoding a putative protein of 125 amino acids. The theoretical molecular weight was 14.209 2 kD and theoretical pI was 5.75. By using Signal 4.1 Server and TMHMM Server 2.0, it was predicted that VscX protein had no transmembrane domain or signal peptide. The results of prediction using SoftBerry-Psite software showed that VscX protein contained three casein ki- nase lI phosphorylation sites, one N-myristoylation site and three C-terminal targeting signal sites. Subcellular localization revealed that VscX might be located in cytoplasm with the possibility of 56.5%. According to SMART prediction, VscX had one Pfam （ 1 - 125 aa） domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VscX from V. alginolyticus and VscX from E parahemolyticus were clustered into the same group. Network interaction analysis showed that vscX was adjacent to vseY, vopB and sycN. By real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technique and 2-△△△ method, the differences in expression levels of VscX mRNA in V. alginolyticus strain HY9901, T3SS deletion strain AvscO and complementary strain C-vscO at different growth stages were analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of VscX mRNA in V. algianlyticus strain HY9901 and C-vscO were significantly up-regulated at stable growth stage （ P 〈0.01 ） ; the expression levels of VscX mRNA in deletion strain △vscO were significantly up-regulated at late growth stage （ P 〈0.01 ）. This study provided the basis for revealing the transport mechanism of T3SS injectisome of E alginolyticus.

铜绿假单胞菌潜在Ⅵ型分泌系统效应蛋白PA0423的鉴定及功能研究

【目的】探讨Ⅵ型分泌系统(type Ⅵ secretion system, T6SS)新的效应蛋白及其功能。【方法】以铜绿假单胞菌PAO1为研究对象,通过基因敲除、免疫印迹、免疫共沉淀、种内和种间竞争、大肠杆菌毒性实验以及结晶紫生物膜等实验探索PA0423的分泌方式和功能。【结果】免疫印迹和免疫共沉淀实验表明PA0423可以与PA0262相互作用,且PA0423的分泌依赖于H2-T6SS;竞争实验表明PA0423是H2-T6SS依赖的抗菌效应蛋白,且具有种间竞争优势;PA0423具有大肠杆菌毒性且PA0422为其免疫蛋白;PA0423能够影响细菌生物膜的形成。【结论】PA0423为H2-T6SS依赖的抗菌效应蛋白,其具有杀菌功能且影响细菌生物膜的形成。

T4SP: A Novel Tool and Database for Type IV Secretion Systems in Bacterial Genomes

Secretion systems, macromolecules to pass which can mediate the across cellular membranes, are essential for virulent and genetic material exchange among bacterial species[1]. Type IV secretion system （T4SS） is one of the secretion systems and it usually consists of 12 genes： VirB1, VirB2 ...VirB11, and VirD4[2]. The structure and molecular mechanisms of these genes have been well analyzed in Gram-negative strains[3] and Gram-positive strains were once believed to be lack of T4SS. However, some recent studies revealed that one or more virB/D genes also exist in some kinds of Gram-positive bacteria and play similar role, and form a T4SS-like system[3]. The VirBl-like, VirB4, VirB6, and VirD4 genes were identified in the chromosome of Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus suis in our previous studies and their role as important mobile elements for horizontal transfer to recipients in an 89 K pathogenicity island （PAl） was demonstrated[45]. However, their structure and molecular mechanisms in other strains, especially in Gram-positive strains, are remained unclear.

改性粉煤灰基Linde type F(K)沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

利用HDTMA改性Linde type F(K)沸石吸附处理溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ),探讨了pH值、溶液初始浓度、反应温度和时间对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响,同时进行了吸附等温线和吸附动力学的数据模拟。实验结果表明:改性沸石对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果明显优于原始沸石。酸性条件有利于沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附。吸附数据的拟合结果符合Langmuir吸附等温线和准二级动力学方程。

Early postprandial Insulin secretion: Its relation to Insulin sensitivity

Background: Lack of first phase insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is attributed to glucose toxicity. Alternatively, the role of insulin resistance in impaired insulin release secondary to lack of glucose entry into β cells may be responsible, but is not examined. Aim: The role of insulin sensitivity in 1st phase insulin secretion was assessed. Material and Methods: Plasma glucose (G) and insulin (I) concentrations were determined after an overnight fast (F) and upto 60 minutes during OGTT with glucose 75g in 12 normal (N), 14 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 41 subjects with Type 2 DM. First phase insulin secretion (Δ Insulin) was determined as a percentage rise from baseline 100x (Peak-Basal)/Basal. Insulin sensitivity was determined as FI x FG (mUxmM/L). Results: FG were normal (7.0 mM/L in Type 2 DM. FI x FG and ? insulin were 35 ± 4 and 389 ± 89% in N;77 ± 5 and 254 ± 65% in IGT;and 235 ± 19 and 95 ± 15% in Type 2 DM. Significant negative correlations were noted between ? insulin one hand and FI x FG on the other amongst all subjects [p < 0.0001 for all correlations]. Conclusion: Decline of 1st phase insulin secretion in IGT and Type 2 DM may be attributed to inhibited release of depleted insulin stores in the β Cells induced by impaired glucose entry due to insulin resistance, and is unlikely to be caused by glucose toxicity in IGT in presence of fasting euglycemia.

Vascular endothelial growth factor B inhibits insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and reduces Ca2+ and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels through PI3K/AKT pathway

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes(T2 D) is characterized by insufficient insulin secretion caused by defective pancreatic β-cell function or insulin resistance,resulting in an increase in blood glucose.However,the mechanism involved in this lack of insulin secretion is unclear.The level of vascular endothelial growth factor B(VEGF-B) is significantly increased in T2 D patients.The inactivation of VEGF-B could restore insulin sensitivity in db/db mice by reducing fatty acid accumulation.It is speculated that VEGF-B is related to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and is an important factor affecting β-cell secretion of insulin.As an in vitro model of normal pancreatic β-cells,the MIN6 cell line can be used to analyze the mechanism of insulin secretion and related biological effects.AIM To study the role of VEGF-B in the insulin secretion signaling pathway in MIN6 cells and explore the effect of VEGF-B on blood glucose regulation.METHODS The MIN6 mouse pancreatic islet β-cell line was used as the model system.By administering exogenous VEGF-B protein or knocking down VEGF-B expression in MIN6 cells,we examined the effects of VEGF-B on insulin secretion,Ca2+ and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) levels,and the insulin secretion signaling pathway.RESULTS Exogenous VEGF-B inhibited the secretion of insulin and simultaneously reduced the levels of Ca2+ and cAMP in MIN6 cells.Exogenous VEGF-B also reduced the expression of phospholipase C gamma 1(PLCγ1),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K),serine/threonine kinase(AKT),and other proteins in the insulin secretion pathway.Upon knockdown of VEGF-B,MIN6 cells exhibited increased insulin secretion and Ca2+ and cAMP levels and upregulated expression of PLCγ1,PI3 K,AKT,and other proteins.CONCLUSION VEGF-B can regulate insulin secretion by modulating the levels of Ca2+ and cAMP.VEGF-B involvement in insulin secretion is related to the expression of PLCγ1,PI3 K,AKT,and other signaling proteins.These results provide theoretical support and an experimental basis for the study of VEGF-B in the pathogenesis of T2 D.

Three-party quantum secret sharing of secure direct communication based on χ-type entangled states

Based on x-type entangled states and the two-step protocol [Deng F G, Long G L and Liu X S 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 042317], a quantum secret sharing protocol of secure direct communication based on x-type entangled states ｜X00〉3214 is proposed. Using some interesting entanglement properties of this state, the agent entirety can directly obtain the secret message from the message sender only if they collaborate together. The security of the scheme is also discussed.

伤寒沙门菌Ⅵ型分泌系统对SopE表达影响的初步研究

为探索伤寒沙门菌Ⅵ型分泌系统(type 6 secretion system,T6SS)对SopE表达的影响,阐明其中的分子机制,本研究利用自杀质粒同源重组法构建携带sopE∷3×Flag的伤寒沙门菌野生株(WT-pBAD33)、T6SS功能分子缺陷株(ΔsciG-pBAD33)和回补株(C-ΔsciG),用构建成功的菌株感染巨噬细胞THP-1并在模拟巨噬细胞内环境(LPM培养基、微需氧)下培养,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)与蛋白质印迹法(Western blot,WB)试验探索T6SS对SopE表达的影响,采用β-半乳糖苷酶活性检测来进一步验证sopE基因启动子的转录水平,Ni柱纯化T6SS功能蛋白SciG,电泳迁移率变动分析(electrophoretic mobility shift assay,EMSA)研究SciG蛋白对sopE基因启动子的调控作用。结果显示:ΔsciG-pBAD33中SopE表达水平较于WT-pBAD33明显降低;SciG蛋白不能直接与sopE基因启动子区域结合。本研究结果表明,伤寒沙门菌T6SS影响了SopE的表达,但是其功能蛋白SciG不能直接调控sopE基因的表达。

2型糖尿病伴干眼症病人血清和泪液分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5、脂肪酸结合蛋白4水平与病情严重程度的相关性

目的分析分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5(SFRP-5)、脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)在2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴干眼症病人血清和泪液中的表达及其与病情严重程度的相关性。方法选取2020年12月至2021年12月唐山市眼科医院收治的T2DM病人145例,其中单纯T2DM病人84例168眼(T2DM组),伴干眼症病人61例122眼(T2DM伴干眼症组),另选取同期该院体检健康者50例100眼作为对照组。T2DM伴干眼症病人又分为轻度组(29例)、中度组(17例)、重度组(15例)。利用酶联免疫吸附法测定所有受试者血清和泪液中SFRP-5、FABP4水平;相关性分析采用Pearson法或Spearman法;logistic回归分析影响T2DM病人干眼症发生的因素。结果T2DM伴干眼症组、T2DM组血清和泪液SFRP-5水平均低于对照组(106.09±8.37、135.72±9.26比158.34±9.45,28.85±5.13、58.27±6.14比45.18±5.92),T2DM伴干眼症组低于T2DM组(P<0.05);T2DM伴干眼症组、T2DM组血清和泪液FABP4水平均高于对照组(70.63±6.59、58.27±6.14比45.18±5.92,15.91±3.76、10.28±3.58比7.72±3.29),T2DM伴干眼症组高于T2DM组(P<0.05)。重度组、中度组血清和泪液SFRP-5水平(68.29±7.15、95.54±8.34比131.82±9.02,12.83±4.62、24.72±5.49比39.56±5.18)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SIT)低于轻度组,重度组低于中度组(P<0.05);重度组、中度组血清和泪液FABP4水平(84.56±6.83、73.18±6.94比61.93±6.27,25.64±4.19、17.15±3.86比10.16±3.47)及眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)积分高于轻度组,重度组高于中度组(P<0.05)。T2DM伴干眼症病人血清与泪液SFRP-5水平呈正相关,血清与泪液FABP4水平也呈正相关(P<0.05)。T2DM伴干眼症病人血清和泪液SFRP-5水平与OSDI积分均呈负相关,与BUT、SIT均呈正相关(P<0.05);血清和泪液FABP4水平与OSDI积分均呈正相关,与BUT、SIT均呈负相关(P<0.05)。血清和泪液SFRP-5水平是影响T2DM病人干眼症发生的独立保护因素,而血清和泪液FABP4水平是独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论SFRP-5在T2DM伴干眼症病人血清和泪液中均低表达,FABP4均高表达,二者与病情严重程度密切相关。

黄单胞菌Xanthomonas campestris pv.raphani 756C中Ⅵ型分泌蛋白的生物信息学分析

为明确黄单胞菌Xanthomonas campestris pv.raphani 756C(Xcr)中存在的Ⅵ型分泌蛋白(Tss)数量及其所具有的信号肽、保守motif等信息以及该菌中Tss与其他病菌中同源序列之间的遗传关系,利用关键词对Xcr蛋白质数据库进行搜索,并对Xcr中Tss氨基酸序列开展信号肽、跨膜结构域以及保守基序(motif)的生物信息学分析,同时,对Xcr中所含有的Tss与其他病原菌中同源序列之间的遗传关系进行分析。明确Xcr中存在3个Tss,分别命名为TssA、TssB、TssC,上述Tss均含有高于50%比例的!螺旋结构,均定位在细胞膜上以及具有3个保守motif,而就信号肽而言,仅TssC含有明显的信号肽序列。Xcr中的Tss与Xcc、Xca等黄单胞菌属病菌中的Tss具有较近的亲缘关系。

植物青枯菌Ⅵ型分泌系统核心基因vasK突变株的构建及其致病性的测定

[目的]通过测试vasK基因突变株对番茄的致病力变化,评价该基因在青枯菌致病过程中的作用。[方法]根据青枯菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)中存在的Ⅵ型分泌系统基因簇中的核心基因vasK序列设计PCR引物,扩增并克隆vasK基因,将庆大霉素抗性基因(Gm)插入vasK基因内部,克隆至自杀质粒pK18mobsacB中,获得重组自杀质粒pK18-vasK-Gm。将自杀质粒电转化至青枯菌GMI1000感受态细胞中,采用同源重组双交换法,将野生型vasK基因置换。对vasK基因突变菌株进行三步筛选和PCR扩增鉴定。[结果]筛选获得了具有庆大霉素抗性的目标基因被抗性基因替换的青枯菌突变株(GMI1000-m)。土壤接种番茄青枯菌结果显示,突变株GMI1000-m的致病性较野生型GMI1000明显下降。[结论]vasK基因在青枯菌致病过程中具有重要作用。

一株新的鸽源基因Ⅵ型新城疫病毒的分离鉴定

从进口鸽中分离到1株鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒,经测定,其鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)为59．2 h,鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)为1．92,属于速发型新城疫病毒。通过RT-PCR,扩增出了该分离毒株F基因的重要功能区片段,经测序分析,其裂解位点的氨基酸序列为112RRQKR117F,符合新城疫强毒裂解位点特征。用blastn和blastx分别搜索GenBank的核酸和蛋白数据库,发现它与2株鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒具有99％的同源性,系统发育进化树分析为基因Ⅵ型。表明,该病毒为1株新的强毒力鸽源基因Ⅵ型新城疫病毒。

粘多糖贮积症Ⅵ型的病例诊断与产前诊断

建立了微量测定芳基硫酸酯酶Ｂ活性的方法。对二例粘多糖贮积症Ⅵ型进行病例诊断，并对其中一个家系的高危孕妇于孕中期进行产前诊断，结果判断胎儿正常，婴儿出生后验证正常。

禽致病性大肠杆菌Ⅵ型分泌系统2evfC基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性分析

为了分析VI型分泌系统2(Type VI secretion system2,T6SS2)核心组分Evf C对禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)生物学特性及致病性的影响,本研究采用Red同源重组系统构建APEC evf C基因缺失株,并利用低拷贝质粒p STV28构建互补株。然后比较分析野生株、缺失株与互补株的生长曲线、运动性、生物被膜形成能力、黏附侵袭能力、胞内存活能力、动物致病力等生物学特性差异。结果表明,evf C基因缺失不影响APEC的生长速度、运动性、生物被膜形成能力、黏附侵袭能力。然而,缺失evf C可导致APEC在HD-11胞内存活能力及对雏鸭的致病力降低。本研究为阐述APEC T6SS2的致病作用提供了参考依据。

Ⅵ型分泌系统与革兰氏阴性病原细菌致病性的关系

细菌在长期进化过程中形成了设计精巧的蛋白传输系统,运送与寄主互作过程中产生的各种与致病有关的毒性因子和效应子。目前已发现在细菌基因组中至少存在6种不同类型的分泌系统。本文着重介绍新近发现的Ⅵ型分泌系统及其与革兰氏阴性病原细菌致病性的关系。