Effects of Different Agricultural Managements on Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community under Continuous Cropped Strawberry(Fragaria ananassa Duchesne)

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different agricultural managements on soil microbial population,activity,functional diversity and soil enzyme activity in continuous mono-cropping field of strawberry.[Method]A field plot experiment was carried out to evaluate characteristics of soil microbial community by soil enzyme analysis,microbial cultivation and Biolog analysis.[Result]The results showed that bacteria population proportion,the ration of bacteria to fungi,microorganism amount,AWCD,soil dehydrogenase activity,the Shannon,Simpson,and Mcintosh indices of soil microbial communities were obviously increased under strawberry-rice rotation,soil solarization with rice bran,and calcium cyanamide（CaCN2）treatments,in addition,soil urease activity was significantly increased under strawberry-rice rotation and soil solarization with rice bran treatment,when compared with no fertilization.When compared with conventional fertilization treatment,strawberry-rice rotation and soil solarization with rice bran both significantly increased AWCD and Mcintosh index of soil microbial communities,meanwhile respectively increased soil urease and dehydrogenase activity.PCA analyses suggested that carbon utilization of soil microbial communities under strawberry-rice rotation,soil solarization with rice bran,and calcium cyanamide treatment was obviously different from that of conventional fertilization and no fertilization treatment.[Conclusion] strawberry-rice rotation and soil solarization with rice bran were effective agricultural managements to control soil biological degradation under Continuous Cropped Strawberry.

Emergency management of reservoirs and water treatment plants in typhoon season:a case study of Ningbo

Coastal cities represented by Ningbo are directly or indirectly affected by typhoons each year. By analyzing the past three typical typhoons landing in Ningbo from 2013 to 2016, it was found that before and after the typhoon transit, reservoir and water treatment plant would be made by the destructive impact, including the increasing water level, water volume in a short time, and the deteriorating water quality. Among those, the water quality caused by typhoons increased the water treatment process load, the amount of water purification agents increased significantly,and the emergency response put a great pressure on the inventory of water plants. Based on the statistics and analysis of the basic parameters of the reservoir and water treatment plant during the typhoon season, the emergency management of the typhoon was divided into three situations, namely, pre-typhoon, typhoon period and post-typhoon. Thus, it is effective for the relevant practitioners of the reservoir and water plant to ensure the safe water supply during typhoon season.

Artificial Intelligence for Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Efficiency: Exploring Nutrient, Water and Weed Management Strategies

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy,and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agri-cultural processes.With the tremendous increase in population,the demand for food and employment has also increased significantly.Agricultural methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer ade-quate,requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of chemical fertilizers.Integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things,wireless communication,machine learning,artificial intelligence(AI),and deep learning shows promise in addressing these challenges.However,there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of AI in improving agricultural input efficiency.To address this gap,a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed,Scopus,Goo-gle Scholar,Web of Science,and Science Direct for relevant articles.Out of 327 initially identified articles,180 were deemed pertinent,focusing primarily on AI’s potential in enhancing yield through better management of nutrients,water,and weeds.Taking into account researchfindings worldwide,we found that AI technologies could assist farmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and deter-mine the best time for irrigation or herbicide application.The present status of AI-driven automation in agricul-ture holds significant promise for optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste,particularly in the context of three pillars of crop management,i.e.,nutrient,irrigation,and weed management.

Assessing Financial Management Practices and Accounting Mechanisms in Agricultural Cooperatives:A Case Study From Nepal

The study focuses on assessing the financial management practices and accounting mechanisms in agricultural cooperatives in Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan,Dang District,Nepal with a focus on understanding their implications for financial performance and organizational effectiveness.The sample size of total cooperatives(n=46)was divided into Savings and Credit Cooperatives(n=18)and Multipurpose Cooperatives(n=28),respectively,with a total number of respondents(n=138)categorized into managing directors,employees,and general members.Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative analysis of financial data with qualitative insights gathered through interviews and surveys,the study emphasizes the importance of modern financial practices,improved reporting mechanisms,and relevant staff training for long-term sustainability.Recommendations include the integration of criteria and evaluation tools to assess cooperative performance,with Hamro Pahunch Multipurpose Cooperative identified as a high performer.Emphasizing the need for robust financial management strategies to navigate the complexity of the agricultural sector,manage risks,and achieve sustainable development,the study notes frequent preparation of financial management reports on a monthly and annual basis,and predominantly annual accounting management.Most cooperatives are using computerized models to present financial positions,but face challenges such as lack of marketing infrastructure,cooperative skills,and technical support.Ultimately,the study advocates for educating policy makers,cooperative leaders,practitioners and stakeholders on the role of effective financial management and accounting in enhancing the resilience,expansion and socio-economic impact of agricultural cooperatives,thereby fostering their long-term prosperity and viability as drivers of rural development and empowerment.

Research on Innovation Strategy of Supply Chain Management of Agricultural Enterprises Under the Background of Big Data

With the rapid development and widespread application of Big Data technology, the supply chain management of agricultural products enterprises is facing unprecedented reform and challenges. This study takes the perspective of Big Data technology and collects relevant information on the application of supply chain management in 100 agricultural product enterprises through a survey questionnaire. The study found that the use of Big Data can effectively improve the accuracy of demand forecasting, inventory management efficiency, optimize logistics costs, improve supplier management efficiency, enhance the overall level of supply chain management of enterprises, and propose innovative strategies for supply chain management of agricultural products enterprises based on this. Big Data technology brings a new solution for agricultural products enterprises to enhance their supply chain management level, making the supply chain smarter and more efficient.

Modified Metaheuristics with Transfer Learning Based Insect Pest Classification for Agricultural Crops

Crop insect detection becomes a tedious process for agronomists because a substantial part of the crops is damaged,and due to the pest attacks,the quality is degraded.They are the major reason behind crop quality degradation and diminished crop productivity.Hence,accurate pest detection is essential to guarantee safety and crop quality.Conventional identification of insects necessitates highly trained taxonomists to detect insects precisely based on morphological features.Lately,some progress has been made in agriculture by employing machine learning(ML)to classify and detect pests.This study introduces a Modified Metaheuristics with Transfer Learning based Insect Pest Classification for Agricultural Crops(MMTL-IPCAC)technique.The presented MMTL-IPCAC technique applies contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)approach for image enhancement.The neural architectural search network(NASNet)model is applied for feature extraction,and a modified grey wolf optimization(MGWO)algorithm is employed for the hyperparameter tuning process,showing the novelty of the work.At last,the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)model is utilized to carry out the insect classification procedure.The simulation analysis stated the enhanced performance of the MMTL-IPCAC technique in the insect classification process with maximum accuracy of 98.73%.

北京甘薯产业发展现状·问题和对策建议

北京作为甘薯的主要集散地,其市场供给及科研导向对我国甘薯市场有重要影响。从种植规模、区域布局、生产效益、科技支撑、市场需求及产业化情况等方面分析了北京甘薯产业发展现状。针对甘薯种苗繁育体系、贮藏技术、机械化程度、产后加工等方面存在的问题,提出健全脱毒种薯和良种繁育技术体系,加强甘薯产业关键核心技术研究与推广,提升甘薯产业的价值增值能力等对策建议。

土壤中硒元素来源和迁移作用研究现状

自然过程和人为因素可以活化和迁移硒进入和离开土壤。查明土壤中硒的来源和迁移作用对富硒土地管理和富硒产业开发具有科学上和实践上的重要意义。岩石圈和大气干湿沉降是土壤硒的最基本来源。地表水径流、地下水淋滤、农作物收割、植物和微生物的挥发是土壤硒丢失的主要途径。土壤中硒的迁移作用可归因于水动力迁移作用、固相吸附作用和动植物循环作用。土壤组成和物理化学条件是控制土壤中硒分布和迁移的直接因素,气候、地形和农业活动通过改变土壤组成和物理化学条件间接地影响土壤中硒的迁移和重分布。在区域尺度(如大洲、国家和省)上,地质背景、气候和地形因素对硒的分布至关重要,而在局部尺度(如县、乡和农田)上,人类活动特别是农业耕作的影响更为显著。基于硒在土壤中的行为特性,提出了一系列硒资源管理策略:1)生物强化和修复,通过动植物循环作用来调节土壤中硒分布和生物有效性,它被认为是一种生态富硒手段;2)灌溉模式,通过改变水动力条件来调整土壤的理化条件,进而改变土壤的固相吸附作用和动植物循环作用,其中漫水灌溉和有氧灌溉结合的水管理模式被认为可以提升土壤硒的有效性;3)农艺措施,如施加硒肥、磷肥、硫肥和撒石灰,通过直接改变土壤组成和理化条件调整土壤硒的分布和有效性,这是传统的富硒农艺措施,但也可能产生一定的生态风险。

基于数字孪生的果园虚拟交互系统构建

针对果园种植管理系统存在可视性低、实时性差、适应性弱和交互方式单一的问题,提出一种面向种植管理过程的果园数字孪生系统六维模型。从管理要素实体建模、管理过程动态建模、管理系统仿真建模和管理策略优化建模4个方面论述了系统模型构建理论与技术体系。以六维模型为基础,理论与技术体系为支撑,设计了基于数字孪生的果园虚拟交互系统架构,并对系统开发过程的关键技术进行了阐述。借助Unity3D仿真平台搭建了果园虚拟交互系统,实现对果园的三维可视化监测。实验结果表明:该系统在农业物联网平台数据共享基础上,通过数据驱动、三维展示、人机交互、重构事件和智能决策方面提升了果园种植管理系统监测能力,为建设智慧果园提供参考。

新型农业经营体系建设:实践成效、现实问题与政策取向

如何重新布局中国农业经营体系,进而实现中国特色农业现代化、完成农业强国建设,是刻不容缓的大事。新型农业经营体系是实现农业强国中“经营体系强”的基础,也是实现中国重要农产品稳产保供、农民收入提高等目标的重要依托。当前,在新型农业经营主体的培育、多种形式规模经营的发展和社会化服务的支撑方面有了显著成效。现实来看,新型农业经营体系建设还面临着小农户与现代农业衔接不够充分、新型经营主体发展受阻、规模经营发展不充分不平衡、社会化服务体系有待拓展等问题,需要立足系统化思维继续推进改革,持续为小农户这一主体力量引入现代要素,培育高质量经营主体,发展多种形式适度规模经营,健全完善社会化服务以完善新型农业经营体系,夯实农业强国的经营基础。

立德树人背景下农业院校行政管理专业课程融入德育元素探索与实践

课堂是教育的主阵地,也是德育渗透的主战场,结合课堂教学的实际,找准课堂教学的德育切入点,实现立德树人,是实现我国第二个百年目标的根本要求。农业院校行政管理专业在教学中应深入挖掘德育元素,并进一步通过重构课程目标、重构课程体系、重构教学方法、重构评价体系等路径推进德育元素的融入,为地方政府治理培养具有公共利益导向精神、生态环保责任和创新意识的行政管理人才。

农业科研管理人员参与土壤三普工作的实践与思考——以江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所为例

第三次全国土壤普查是一次重大国情国力的调查,时间紧、任务重、要求严、标准高。江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所统筹调配人员以确保人员力量到位,积极动员科研管理人员参与,全力支撑土壤三普工作。文章介绍了江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所科研管理人员概况,阐述了该所科研管理人员参与土壤三普工作的实践,并从农业科研管理人员是科研事业的重要参与者、新时期需要多元化高水平复合型科研管理人才、深度参与科研事业是培养新时期科研管理人才的重要途径等方面对农业科研管理人员参与土壤三普工作展开思考。

基于产业需求的现代农业经济管理专业人才培养方案设计与实施

以黑龙江农业经济职业学院现代农业经济管理专业实践改革为例,系统总结基于行业产业需求的人才培养方案修订的依据和内容。通过深入了解产业需求、广泛开展调研、重构课程体系、设计实践体系、改革教学方法及构建教学团队等环节,有效提升专业人才培养质量,为相关专业人才培养改革提供有益的参考。

大数据时代智慧农业实验室管理创新策略研究

大数据时代背景下,高校智慧农业实验室作为农业教育与科研的关键平台,面临管理革新需求。当前,这些实验室普遍采用的传统管理系统与智慧农业的快速发展不相匹配,限制了其潜能发挥。本文针对性地分析了智慧农业实验室的管理现状,并依托大数据技术,探索创新管理模式,旨在通过信息技术、智慧化及移动管理工具集成,优化资源配置与提升管理效率。提出的策略旨在最大化实验室资源效用,加速智慧农业教育与研究进程,推动该领域的持续创新与进步。

新型农业经营主体会计代理采用意愿及其影响因素实证分析

会计代理可以节约用工成本、提高效率和促进经营目标的实现,是当前推动新型农业经营主体财务规范的重要过渡阶段。基于湖北省891份调研数据,采用有序Logistic模型检验新型农业经营主体采用会计代理意愿的影响因素。结果表明:性别、年龄、受教育水平、流动资金投资、经营类型、产业类型、毛收入、示范级别、农业培训等因素显著影响新型农业经营主体采用会计代理意愿。据此提出加强经营主体会计知识培育,强化财务规范意识,夯实会计代理基础;建立资金管理台账,关注资金流向,推动会计代理行业发展;设立专项资金支持,提供会计代理对接服务,扩大会计代理行业覆盖面等建议。

国际比较视野下农业经济管理专业人才培养新探索——基于中美4所高校的对比

在深入分析美国大学农业经济管理相关专业本科人才培养方案的基础上,对农业经济管理专业人才培养的发展趋势,国内大学农业经济管理系课程设置存在的差距和不足有较为充分的认识。该文提出在农业产业化背景下,农业经济管理专业要调整教学重心,从重视对农业政策的分析,转向培养学生了解市场和为涉农企业服务的技能;开设门类齐全的通识课程,重视写作训练;细分专业方向,以差异化课程群设计满足学生不同的学习和就业需求;开设跨学科的组合专业,提高选修课比重,构建个人发展的能力知识体系。

“新农科”背景下“卓越农林经管人才”实践能力经纬耦合模块化培养模式探究

教育部提出的“新农科”建设和“卓越农林人才教育培养计划”均对新时期全国农林高校人才培养提出了新的要求和标准。在提出农林经济管理专业实践能力培养中存在的主要问题的基础上,根据以往实践教学经验,构建了微观、中观与宏观有机结合,横向与纵向经纬耦合的多层面设计、多主体参与的实践能力培养架构,最后提出了“卓越农林经管人才”实践能力培养模式的具体实施措施。

乡村产业振兴带头人培育:群体分析 、现实困境与提升策略——基于6省区“头雁”群体的调查

乡村产业振兴带头人是推进农业农村现代化、建设农业强国的重要力量。本文通过对参加国家乡村产业振兴带头人培育“头雁”项目的1236名新型经营主体进行调研,总结了中国乡村产业振兴带头人群体的主要特点,剖析了当前培育工作的现实困境和提升策略。研究发现:中国乡村产业振兴带头人群体已初具规模,群体越发开放化、多元化、专业化,体现出年富力强、融合发展、效率提升等新特点。调研显示,乡村产业振兴带头人培育“头雁”项目取得了良好成效,但也面临培育需求与参训目标存在“岔口”、数字农业赋能发展能力不足、品牌建设限制盈利能力、缺乏辐射带动和资源转化的有效路径等问题。对此,本文建议从探索全员覆盖的“开环教育”、强化搭建服务平台、赋能新业态运营、建设长效运行机制四方面进一步提升国家乡村产业振兴带头人培育“头雁”项目的成效。

印度农作物天气指数保险计划的制度安排与政策启示

农作物天气指数保险因其在赔付效率、交易成本等方面的优势,被认为是传统农业保险产品的有益补充甚至是替代。在实施天气指数保险的国家当中,印度是最具有代表性的国家之一。本文在简要梳理印度农作物天气指数保险计划(RWBCIS)在其农业保险体系构建中的定位及其演进历程的基础上,系统阐述其产品设计、运营体系以及监督约束机制等具体措施和实施经验。研究发现,印度将RWBCIS定位为传统农作物产量险的有效补充,并结合地理位置、耕地分布及气候类型下的适用性,发挥二者的协同效应;RWBCIS的有序实施得益于完备的保险基础数据、健全透明的信息平台、精细化的产品设计和覆盖面广泛的气象网络的共同支撑;通过制定投保作物日历以及监督惩罚机制明确权责分配,提高保险市场的稳定性及可持续性。印度实施RWBCIS的政策思路及其在保险运行机制设计上的具体安排,或为中国农业保险顶层制度设计以及产品创新提供值得借鉴的启示。

一种面向农产品供应链信息管理应用的改进PBFT算法

提出了一种面向农产品供应链信息管理场景的改进PBFT(practical byzantine fault tolerance)算法,即MFW-PBFT(multi-factor weighted PBFT)算法。该算法通过基于节点的活跃度、数据贡献度和历史行为等多因素权重,选出一部分节点作为“代理节点”参与共识过程,且对一致性协议进行优化,从而在一定程度上解决了传统PBFT算法的性能瓶颈问题。结果显示,MFW-PBFT算法相较于传统PBFT算法和2种流行的改进PBFT算法,在处理大规模网络和交易数据时表现出更高的效率和稳定性。