A method of elimination of undesired resonant points of microstrip antenna by cutting U-shaped slot on the ground

A method is proposed to eliminate undesired resonant points of a dual-layer circular polarization microstrip antenna, the frequency of which is 2.42 GHz. The simulation results show that there are two undesired resonant points, the frequencies of which are both greater than the resonant frequency. One is around 4.4 GHz, while the other is around 5.8 GHz. As they would disturb the proper functioning of the antenna, the paper will eliminate the undesired resonant points by cutting U-shaped slots on the ground, Size of the slot is half of the wavelength of corresponding frequency point if slot is cut on the patch, while it is a quarter of the wavelength if there is a opening port on the slot. The simulation results show that it＇s effective to eliminate the undesired resonant points in this way.

Double U-Shaped Slots Loaded Stacked Patch Antenna for Multiband Operation

The design of a seven-band stacked patch antenna for the C, X and Ku band is presented. The antenna consists of an H-slot loaded fed patch, stacked with dual U-slot loaded rectangular patch to generate the seven frequency bands. The total size of the antenna is 39.25 × 29.25 mm2. The multiband stacked patch antenna is studied and designed using IE3D simulator. For verification of simulation results, the antenna is analyzed by circuit theory concept. The simulated return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented. Simulated results show that the antenna can be designed to cover the frequency bands from (4.24 GHz to 4.50 GHz, 5.02 GHz to 5.25 GHz) in C-band application, (7.84 GHz to 8.23 GHz) in X-band and (12.16 GHz to 12.35 GHz, 14.25 GHz to 14.76 GHz, 15.25 GHz to 15.51 GHz, 17.52 GHz to 17.86 GHz) in Ku band applications. The bandwidths of each band of the proposed antenna are 5.9%, 4.5%, 4.83%, 2.36%, 3.53%, 1.68% and 1.91%. Similarly the gains of the proposed band are 2.80 dBi, 4.39 dBi, 4.54 dBi, 10.26 dBi, 8.36 dBi and 9.91 dBi, respectively.

Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods

Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived. The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape notch on the spool, such as mass flow rates, flow coefficients, effiux angles and steady state flow forces under different operating conditions. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool was demonstrated by the comparison between the orifice area curve derived and the corresponding experimental data provided by the test. It is presented that the bottom arc of sloping U-shape notch （ABU） should not be omitted when it is required to accurately calculate the orifice area of ABU. Although the theoretical flow area of plain bottom sloping U-shape notch （PBU） is larger than that of ABU at the same opening, the simulated mass flow and experimental flow area of ABU are both larger than these of PBU at the same opening, while the simulated flow force of PBU is larger than that of ABU at the same opening. Therefore, it should be prior to adapt the ABU when designing the spool with proportional character.

Mechanical property of U-Shaped 65Mn steel bumpers for seismic base isolation

This study proposes a novel U-shaped 65Mn steel bumper as the displacement restraining device for base-isolated structures with laminated elastomeric rubber bearings.A series of bumpers with different geometric parameters were designed and tested under monotonic and cyclic quasi-static loading protocols.The experimental results from a total of 232 specimens were analyzed to develop an analytical model to calculate the backbone curve and the maximum elastic restoring force for U-shaped 65Mn bumpers.Thus,the analytical equations to calculate the elastic,hardening,and unloading stiffness of U-shaped 65Mn bumpers,as well as their maximum elastic restoring force,are validated by using an additional ten groups of bumpers with varying radiuses.These analytical equations can accurately predict the mechanical parameters of U-shaped 65Mn steel bumpers for a design purpose.

Mathematical model of slotting manufacture and simulation for cosine gears

A slotting method for cosine gears was proposed by using the involute cutter based on the conjugate theories of digital surface and gear meshing. The slotting model between the cosine tooth surface represented by discrete points and the cutter figuration determined by analytic function was built for their geometrical relationship and conjugate motion during the machining process. Conjugate points in the cutter section corresponding to the discrete points on the cosine gear tooth surface and the conjugate movements were solved. By using the flexible control of the CNC procedure, the active control of the cutting trace of the slotting cutter was accomplished and the envelop forming of the cosine gear was obtained. Based on the software C++ and Matlab, the computer aided manufacturing(CAM) system of the cosine gear was developed, and the simulation of the slotting process was accomplished. Several examples were provided to illustrate the approach. The result of the simulation demonstrates that the proposed slotting method is feasible.

Mini-slot时间结构的频谱分配策略及频谱接入费用

为了降低认知用户数据包的平均时延,同时提高其吞吐量,针对集中式认知无线网络,提出一种基于mini-slot时间结构的频谱分配策略.考虑频谱切换过程和非理想感知结果,建立三维Markov模型,并使用矩阵几何解方法给出认知用户数据包平均时延和吞吐量等性能指标表达式.通过系统实验定量分析性能指标的变化趋势,验证基于mini-slot时间结构的频谱分配策略的有效性.面向认知用户构造个人收益和社会收益函数,给出频谱接入的收费方案,实现所提频谱分配策略的社会最优.

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Three Rows of Vertical Slotted Wall Breakwaters

In this study, we examine the hydrodynamic characteristics of three rows of vertical slotted wall breakwaters in which the front and middle walls are permeable and partially immersed in a water channel of constant depth, whereas the third wall is impermeable. The wave–structure interaction and flow behavior of this type of breakwater arrangement are complicated and must be analyzed before breakwaters can be appropriately designed. To study the hydrodynamic breakwater performance, we developed a mathematical model based on the eigenfunction expansion method and a least squares technique for predicting wave interaction with three rows of vertical slotted wall breakwaters. We theoretically examined the wave transmission, reflection, energy loss, wave runup, and wave force under normal regular waves. Comparisons with experimental measurements show that the mathematical model results adequately reproduce most of the important features. The results of this investigation provide a better understanding of the hydrodynamic performance of triple-row vertical slotted wall breakwaters.

A novel slot scheduling technique for duty-cycle based data transmission for wireless sensor network

The duty cycling process involves turning a radio into an active and dormant state for conserving energy. It is a promising approach for designing routing protocols for a resource-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In the duty cycle-based WSNs, the network lifetime is improved and the network transmission is increased as compared to conventional routing protocols. In this study, the active period of the duty cycle is divided into slots that can minimize the idle listening problem. The slot scheduling technique helps determine the most efficient node that uses the active period. The proposed routing protocol uses the opportunistic concept to minimize the sender waiting problem. Therefore, the forwarder set will be selected according to the node's residual active time and energy. Further, the optimum routing path is selected to achieve the minimum forwarding delay from the source to the destination. Simulation analysis reveals that the proposed routing scheme outperforms existing schemes in terms of the average transmission delay, energy consumption, and network throughput.

Effect of Surface Roughness in Micro-nano Scale on Slotted Waveguide Arrays in Ku-band

Modeling of the roughness in micro-nano scale and its influence have not been fully investigated, however the roughness will cause amplitude and phase errors of the radiating slot, and decrease the precision and efficiency of the SWA in Ku-band. Firstly, the roughness is simulated using the electromechanical coupled（EC） model. The relationship between roughness and the antenna＇s radiation properties is obtained. For verification, an antenna proto- type is manufactured and tested, and the simulation method is introduced. According to the prototype, a contrasting experiment dealing with the flatness of the radiating plane is conducted to test the simulation method. The advantage of the EC model is validated by comparisons of the EC model and two classical roughness models （sine wave and fractal function）, which shows that the EC model gives a more accurate description model for roughness, the maxi- mum error is 13%. The existence of roughness strongly broadens the beamwidth and raises the side-lobe level of SWA, which is 1.2 times greater than the ideal antenna. In addition, effect of the EC model＇s evaluation indices is investigated, the most affected scale of the roughness is found, which is 1/10 of the working wavelength. The proposed research provides the instruction for antenna designing and manufacturing.

Magnetohydrodynamics convective flow in a vertical slot through a porous medium

An analysis is presented with magnetohydrodynamics natural convective flow of a viscous Newtonian fluid saturated porous medium in a vertical slot. The flow in the porous media has been modeled using the Brinkman model. The fully-developed two-dimensional flow from capped to open ends is considered for which a continuum of solutions is obtained. The influence of pertinent parame-ters on the flow is delineated and appropriate conclusions are drawn. The asymptotic behaviour and the volume flux are analyzed and incorporated graphically for the three-parameter family of solution.

联合多意图识别与语义槽填充的双向交互模型

意图识别与语义槽填充是口语理解的两个主要任务,两者具有高度相关性,通常进行联合训练。随着口语理解任务的深入,研究发现用户在现实场景中的话语往往含有多个意图。但部分联合模型只能识别用户话语中的单个意图,未能充分建模多个意图和语义槽之间的关联性。考虑到话语中多个意图的信息可以引导语义槽填充,语义槽信息也可以帮助意图更好的识别,模型采用图注意力网络建立意图和语义槽之间的双向交互。具体的,将两个任务双向关联以便模型能够挖掘多个意图与语义槽之间的关系,同时引入两个任务的标签信息使模型能够学习到话语上下文和标签的关系,从而提高意图识别与语义槽填充的准确率,优化口语理解的整体性能。实验表明,模型在MixATIS和MixSNIPS两个多意图数据集上对比其他模型性能得到了显著提升。

基于特征蒸馏的变分编码器交通流预测模型

针对交通流数据高维非线性和时空依赖性复杂,本文构建了基于特征蒸馏的变分贝叶斯编码器交通流预测模型.对每段时间序列对应的时间窗口特征,构建了基于多模态时间槽和空间槽的交通流特征提取模型.以时空槽特征提取模型作为特征知识蒸馏架构的输入.通过知识蒸馏结构提取的时空特征结晶体,利用教师模型指导学生模型的学习过程,从而提高学生模型的泛化能力.变分贝叶斯编码器对交通流时空特征结晶编码获取交通流数据的隐变量,根据隐变量的生成采样,利用解码器将其解码重构成新的预测值.实验结果表明,本文提出的模型预测性能显著提升,且中长期预测中鲁棒性更优.

窄河谷大夹角挑流消能工体型优化研究

针对窄河谷大夹角条件下挑流消能易出现冲击两岸、冲坑过深的问题,采用水工整体模型试验方法对具有代表性的某水利枢纽深孔放水冲沙洞挑流鼻坎体型开展优化研究,并对比分析了水舌形态和下游河道冲刷特性。结果表明,不对称收缩的异型窄缝式消能工可使水流在狭窄河道归槽,水舌纵向拉伸效果较好,大幅减轻了河床冲刷;提出了收缩比、收缩角差、斜切面积比等特征参数适宜的挑流消能工体型,可供窄河谷大夹角条件下挑流消能设计参考。

石漠化边坡及其植被板槽的地下渗漏一体化综合观测技术及应用模拟

【目的】表土贫瘠的石漠化边坡的地表和地下水土流失严重,限制了该地区的植被恢复,其水土保持生态防护是目前绿色公路建设的热点问题。【方法】结合广西贺巴高速来都段石漠化边坡应用梯级植被板槽进行水土保持的工程需求,研发了石漠化边坡地下渗漏的一体化综合观测技术,并利用数值分析软件,分别对该石漠化边坡及其植被板槽水土流失一体化综合观测的概化模型,进行应用性的数值试验模拟观测和分析。【结果】数值试验结果表明:石漠化边坡在仅覆盖一层薄土层时,总地下渗漏量达到65%以上,随着岩溶裂隙率和裂隙倾角的增加,基岩裂隙渗漏量占比增加,表层岩溶带渗漏量占比减小;在石漠化边坡上设置集约化填土的植被板槽措施后,在不考虑板槽底的防渗漏材料时,总地下渗漏量占比变成40%左右,与仅覆盖一层薄土的石漠化边坡相比地下渗漏占比降低25%以上。石漠化边坡上植被板槽的蓄水效率随植被覆盖度的增加而增加;坡度的增加会造成裸露边坡的地下渗漏量增加,因此必须加强石漠化边坡集雨面功能的建设和坡面降雨径流收集。【结论】研究成果可为石漠化边坡植被板槽水土保持生态防护措施的现场研究和工程应用提供理论依据。

竖缝式鱼道桩柱结构过鱼效果探究

为优化鱼道池室结构,提升鱼类洄游效果,以常规竖缝式鱼道为原型,以齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)为试验对象,通过数值模拟和对照性过鱼试验,比较分析了4种池室内部增加与未增加桩柱的水流结构。结果表明,在鱼道主流中间增设桩柱结构,可以有效减小回流区面积,减幅达49%,并可减小竖缝处的紊动能,最大减少18%;增加鱼类上溯路线分布,提高了池室空间利用率。2种结构的上溯轨迹分析发现,齐口裂腹鱼多选择回流区外侧上溯,避免进入回流区中心,即选择较高的水力应变与紊动能区域作为上溯方向,且上溯路线中偏好较低水力因子区域,上溯偏好流速为0.01~0.09 m/s,紊动能为0.001~0.008 m^(2)/s^(2),水力应变为0.2~3.0/s。体型Ⅱ鱼道通过在主流位置增加桩柱结构,形成了多股水流,有效减小回流区的占比,提高了鱼道池室空间利用率,为鱼类的上溯路径提供了更多选择。

基于图注意力网络的多意图识别与语义槽填充联合模型

口语理解是任务型对话系统的关键任务,主要由语义槽填充和意图识别两个子任务组成.目前主流的方法是对语义槽填充和意图识别进行联合建模.虽然这种方法在语义槽填充和意图识别上都取得了不错的效果,但依然存在联合建模中意图识别和语义槽填充交互过程的错误传播问题以及多意图场景下多意图信息与语义槽信息的错误对应问题.针对上述问题,提出一种基于图注意力网络的多意图识别与语义槽填充联合模型(WISM).WISM模型通过细粒度(单词级)意图与语义槽建立单词级别一对一映射关系以修正多意图信息与语义槽之间的错误对应关系,然后通过构建单词-意图-语义槽的交互图,并利用细粒度下的图注意力网络建立两个任务之间的双向联系以此来降低交互过程中错误传播问题.在MixSINPS和MixATIS数据集上的实验结果表明,WISM相较于现有的最新模型在语义准确率分别提高2.58%和3.53%.所提模型在提高语义准确率的同时展示了多意图信息与语义槽之间的映射关系.

永磁无刷直流空心轴电机定子槽参数减振优化

为了保证永磁无刷直流空心轴电机的输出性能和抑制电磁振动,提出了一种基于非线性多元回归的修正代理模型优化方法.首先,通过AE(Audze-Elglajs)准则确定最优空间填充抽样,并采用核主成分分析(Kernel Principal Components Analysis,KPCA)算法筛选出4个主要变量用于构建代理模型;其次,采用非线性多元回归构建代理模型,决定系数R^(2)值均大于0.9,验证了代理模型的精度;最后,采用鲁棒多目标遗传算法求解代理模型,获得了最优定子槽参数.结果表明,通过优化定子槽参数,电机平均转矩降低了1.3%,不影响输出性能,电机空载、额定负载时最大振动加速度分别降低19%和34.5%,有效地降低了电磁振动,验证了优化方法的有效性和可靠性.

面向工业运维人机对话的意图和语义槽联合识别算法

在工业运维人机对话任务中,为解决运维数据中包含复杂嵌套实体以及存在少量缺字、错字的问题,提出一种改进的BERT联合任务算法GP-GraphBERT,利用意图和语义槽识别任务的关联性提升对话性能。首先,由BERT得到隐藏层状态后,通过构建邻接矩阵将其转换为图结构,嵌入加权残差图注意力网络(WRGAT)增强模型的邻居感知能力。其次,改进融合旋转式位置编码(rotary position embedding,RoPE)的全局指针机制(GlobalPointer),使模型能够无差别地识别常规实体和嵌套实体。最后,设计意图识别和语义槽识别任务的联合损失函数,利用两者的关联性提高预测精度,在模型训练过程中引入动态掩码处理,增强模型的鲁棒性和泛化能力。实验结果表明,GP-GraphBERT算法在工业运维人机对话数据集上意图识别和语义槽识别的F 1分数达到87.5%和86.4%,相较于原网络JointBERT分别提升9.2和3.0百分点,同时能够满足运维数据嵌套实体识别需求。实验充分验证了算法在联合识别任务中的性能。

基于BSG深度学习模型的中医药智能问答系统研究:以方剂和中药为例

目的基于深度学习的方法,利用知识图谱构建中医药知识库,探寻联合模型在中医药智能问答系统的应用。方法以《方剂学》和《中药学》规划教材为基础建立知识图谱,作为智能问答系统的知识来源,本研究提出一种BERT+Slot-Gated(BSG)深度学习模型,获取用户自然问题中包含的中医药实体和问句意图,通过实体和意图在知识图谱检索答案返回给用户,运用Flask框架和BSG模型研发中医药智能问答系统。结果构建了包含3149个实体和6891个关系三元组的中医药知识图谱,通过问题语料测试,本系统在回答中医药20类问题的实体识别F1值为0.9969,意图识别准确率为99.75%,表明本系统具有较高的实用性和可行性,并通过微信公众号平台实现了用户与系统交互。结论本文所提出的BSG模型通过提高向量维度在实验中取得了较好的结果,表明联合模型方法的有效性,可为实现中医药智能问答系统提供新的研究思路。

新型部分自复位耗能段的滞回性能与简化力学模型研究

提出一种用于偏心支撑结构中的部分自复位耗能段,主要包括自复位形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)支撑和扩孔螺栓连接型耗能段,具有耗能能力和自复位能力强、构件损伤小、震后功能可恢复等特点。基于部分自复位耗能段的设计方法,合理设计其试验模型,由此得到变形模式和滞回曲线等。随后采用校正的有限元法对部分自复位耗能段力学性能进行研究,主要考虑SMA面积、高强螺栓预拉力和垫片滑移系数的影响。研究结果表明:滑移阶段自复位耗能段中耗能段处于滑移并保持相对静止状态;随后非滑移阶段耗能段开始承载、耗能和非弹性变形等,整个过程中自复位SMA支撑提供耗能和复位能力,以及减小构件残余变形。基于不同因素下的分析结果,提出滑移阶段和非滑移阶段下自复位耗能段简化的力学模型,为偏心支撑结构的抗震设计与分析提供新的思路和理论基础。