Analysis of impact pressure,rock-breaking effect,and ground vibration induced by the disposable CO_(2)fracturing tube

The technology of expansion fracturing with liquid CO_(2)(EFLCO_(2))has attracted increasing attention due to reduced vibration and damage.The disposable fracturing tube has been developed and is gradually replacing the Cardox tube.However,there is a lack of impact pressure testing of disposable tubes under real working conditions,selection of gas explosion design parameters,and systematic analysis of blasting vibration.This limitation has constrained the widespread application of disposable fracturing tubes in engineering.A joint monitoring of the pressure-time curves in the disposable tubes and boreholes was conducted.The rock-breaking effect of varying hole spacing parameters in the EFLCO_(2)design was analyzed,and a systematic study was carried out on the vibration peak value,frequency,and energy characteristics.The results show that(1)the pressure distribution characteristics,stress peak value,and duration in the disposable tubes are different from those of Cardox tubes,which show multi-peak distribution,low-pressure peak value,and short duration.The correlation between the pressure in the disposable tube,filling pressure,and liquid CO_(2)weight is established,and a theoretical calculation method for the borehole wall pressure is proposed;(2)The hole spacing in rocks of different hardness is suggested;and(3)At the same scale distance,the peak particle velocity(PPV)caused by EFLCO_(2)(PPVCO_(2))is significantly smaller than that caused by blasting(PPVexplosive).The ratio of PPVexplosive to PPVCO_(2)is a power function related to scale distance,and a distance-related zonality exist in this relationship.The frequency composition of the vibration signal caused by EFLCO_(2)is relatively simple with a narrow frequency band.Its PPV and energy are mainly concentrated in the low-frequency band.This research contributes to the optimization of disposable fracturing tubes,gas explosion design,and vibration hazard control.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF RADIAL INERTIA ON THE ELASTO-PLASTIC COMBINED STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION IN THIN-WALLED TUBES

An in-depth analysis of propagation characteristics ofelasto-plastic combined stress waves in circular thin-walled tubeshas been made. In obtaining the simple-wave solution, however, mostresearches have ignored the influence of the circumferential stressrelated to the radial inertial ef- fect in the tubes. In this paperthe incremental elasto-plastic constitutive relations which areconve- nient for dynamic numerical analysis are adopted, and thefinite-difference method is used to study the evolution adpropagation of elasto-plastic combined stress waves in a thin-walledtube with the radial inertial effect of the tube considered. Thecalculation results are compared with those obtained when the radialinertial effect is not considered. The calculation results show thatthe radial inertial effect of a tube has a fairly great influence onthe propagation of elasto-plastic combined stress waves.

Effect of cyclotron resonance on ‘hot’ dispersion in a staggered double metallic grating sheet beam travelling wave tube

Based on the beam wave synchronous interaction in transverse and longitudinal directions at the same time and starting from Maxwell’s equation and linear Vlasov equation, the beam–wave interaction ‘hot’ dispersion equation considering both cyclotron resonance and Cherenkov resonance in a staggered double metallic grating traveling wave tube is deduced.Through the reasonable selection for geometric and electrical parameters, the numerical calculation and analysis of the ‘hot’ dispersion equation shows that the beam–wave interaction gain and frequency band with the cyclotron resonance enhancement effect are higher than those with only Cherenkov resonance radiation.

Efficiency and Effectiveness Concepts Applied in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using Ethylene Glycol-Water Based Fluid in the Shell with Nanoparticles of Copper Oxide (CuO)

This article consists of an analytical solution for obtaining the outlet temperatures of the hot and cold fluids in a shell and tube heat exchanger. The system analyzed through the concepts of efficiency, effectiveness (ε-NTU), and irreversibility consisted of a shell and tube heat exchanger, with cold nanofluid flowing in the shell and hot water flowing in the tube. The nanofluid consists of 50% of ethylene glycol and water as the base fluid and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in suspension. The volume fractions of the nanoparticles range from 0.1 to 0.5. The flow rate in the nanofluid ranges from 0.0331 to 0.0568 Kg/s, while two mass flow rates, from 0.0568 and 0.5 Kg/s, for the hot fluid, are used as parameters for analysis. Results for the efficiency, effectiveness, irreversibility, heat transfer rate, and outlet temperatures for cold and hot fluids were obtained graphically. The flow laminarization effect was observed through the results obtained and had significant relevance in the results.

Efficiency and Effectiveness Thermal Analysis of the Shell and Helical Coil Tube Heat Exchanger Used in an Aqueous Solution of Ammonium Nitrate Solubility (<i>ANSOL</i>) with 20% H₂O and 80% <i>AN</i>

The case study is about obtaining the flow rate and saturation temperature of steam that makes it possible to heat a solution of water and ammonia nitrate (ANSOL) in a shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger, within a time interval, without that the crystallization of the ANSOL solution occurs. The desired production per batch of the solution is 5750 kg in 80 minutes. The analysis uses the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness to determine the heat transfer rate and temperature profiles that satisfy the imposed condition within a certain degree of safety and with the lowest possible cost in steam generation. Intermediate quantities necessary to reach the objective are the Reynolds number, Nusselt number, and global heat transfer coefficient for the shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger. Initially, the water is heated for a specified period and, subsequently, the ammonium nitrate is added to a given flow in a fixed mass flow rate.

Extended Anode Effect for Tube Inner Coating of Non-Conductive Ceramics by Pulsed Coaxial Magnetron Plasma

For uniform tube inner coating of non-conductive thin films, the double-ended coaxial magnetron pulsed plasma (DCMPP) method was investigated. In this study, coating of TiN and TiO2 was performed. It was clearly shown that the extended anode effect was strongly influenced by the electric resistance of the coated thin films on the inner surface of an insulator tube. Additionally, high frequency (100 kHz) was better for relatively high plasma density. On the other hand, in the case of titanium oxide deposition, negative ion productions drastically decrease the deposition rate and the shifting velocity of plasma main position for coated TiO2 films.

Shape Memory Effect During Preparation of Alumia Ceramic Tubes

Pure alumina ceramic tube and 95 alumina ceramic （the ceramic with 95.84% alumina） tube were prepared by using self-prepared alumina micrometer powder without agglomeration as raw material. The ceramic green was shaped by isostatic pressing and sintered at different temperature from 800 to 1 600 ℃ for 2 h. The 95 ceramic tube sintered at 1 550 ℃ for 2 h had mean particle size of 4 μm, bend strength of 437 MPa and volume density of 3.714 g/cm3. Shape memory effect during sintering was observed. XRD results showed that no phase transition occurred during shape memory process, which indicated that shape memory effect was not caused by phase transition. Several probable causes of the alumina ceramic shape memory effect were discussed in this paper.

pH-dependent Synthesis of Octa-nuclear Uranyl-oxalate Network Mediated by U-shaped Linkers

In this work,we report a novel octa-nuclear uranyl(U8)motif[(UO2)8O4(μ3-OH)2(μ2-OH)2]4+embedded in a uranyl-oxalate coordination polymer(compound 1)based on a U-shaped linker with extra-long xylylene chains for stabilizing the resulting high-nuclear motif through additional cross-linking connectivity.A comparison with dimeric and monomeric uranyl compounds obtained at different pH value from the same hydrothermal system reveals that,solution pH plays a vital role in formation of this octa-nuclear uranyl motif by promoting hydrolysis of uranyl source.Since high similarity of eight uranium centers in this nearly planar U8 motif here,overlapping and broadening of signals in fluorescence,infra-red(IR)and Raman spectra can be found.

The Effect and Nursing of Indwelling Nasal Jejunal Feeding Tube for Enteral Nutrition in Acute Severe Pancreatitis

Objective:To analyze the effect of enteral nutrition and nursing intervention in patients with indwelling nasojejunal tube in acute severe pancreatitis.Methods:Sixty cases of patients with indwelt nasojejunal tubes treated in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were divided into routine group and observation group as research subjects.Patients in both groups received enteral nutrition,patients in the routine group received routine care,and patients in the observation group received quality care.The recovery time of gastrointestinal function,length of hospital stay,hospitalization cost,nutritional indicators and incidence of complications in the two groups were compared.Results:The recovery time of gastrointestinal function in observation group was lower than that in routine group,P<0.05;The length and cost of hospitalization in observation group were lower than those in routine group,P<0.05;The nutritional indexes in observation group were higher than those in routine group,P<0.05;The incidence of complications in observation group was lower than that in routine group,P<0.05.Conclusion:Quality nursing service improve the effect of enteral nutrition,so as to ensure that patients get sufficient nutritional support.Its effect is remarkable and it is worthy of widespread clinical application.

Effects of Tube Depth and Infusion Rate of Continuous Humidification by Endotracheal Intubation on Humidification Effect

Objective: To investigate the continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation and the flow rate of the wetting effect. Methods: From October 2008 to May 2010, among 132 patients of oral and maxillofacial surgery with tracheal intubation, continuous infusion can be adjusted to the wet method;according to the wet pipe, insertion depth of the flow rate is divided into four groups, by four different depths and velocities of the wetting effect, to be analyzed. Results: B group was significantly lower than other groups satisfied with indicators of four significantly different effects of humidification. Conclusion: When continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation is 10 - 12 cm, and flow rate is 15 - 20 ml/h, the wetting effect will achieve greater satisfaction.

Energy loss caused by shielding effect of steel cage outside source tube

The energy loss, produced by shielding effect of steel cage outside the source tube, is quite considerable. With PENELOPE software package, MC results have been obtained based on the simulation of different source con- formations. The result illustrates that the naked source tubes can improve the utilization ratio of the cobalt facilities. It demonstrates the applied value of the naked source tube in engineering.

Effects of R134a Saturation Temperature on a Shell and Tube Condenser with the Nanofluid Flow in the Tube Using the Thermal Efficiency and Effectiveness Concepts

The work’s objective is to analyze the influence of the saturation temperature of the R134a refrigerant on the thermal performance of a shell and tube type condenser, with water and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles flowing into the tube. For analysis, the heat exchanger is subdivided into three regions: subcooled liquid, saturated steam, and superheated steam. The shell and tube heat exchanger assumed as the basis for the study has 36 tubes, with rows of 4 tubes in line and three passes into the tube in each region. The parameters used to analyze the performance are efficiency and effectiveness, through variations of quantities such as saturation temperature, the nanofluid’s mass flow rate, fraction in the nanoparticles’ volume, and the number of passes in the tube in each region of the heat exchanger. The obtained results demonstrate that the efficiency is relatively high in all the analyzed situations. In each saturation temperature, the effectiveness can be increased by introducing fractions of nanoparticles in the water or increasing the number of passes in the tube.

Effect of Deformation Condition on Axial Compressive Precision Forming Process of Tube with Curling Die

The effect of the deformation condition on the axial compressive precision forming process of tube with curling die was investigated by using a rigid-plastic FEM. The results show that the forming accuracy depends mainly on geometric condition rp/d0, little on tube material properties and friction condition; the relative gap △/2rp of double-walled tubes obtained decreases with Increasing rp/d0, and there is a parameter k for a given to/do or rp/t0, when rp/d0 >k, △/2rp< 1, otherwise △/2rp>1.

不同储层渗透率下稠油油藏火驱开发特征

储层渗透率直接影响火驱过程中的驱替压差、油墙的形成与聚集速度,明确渗透率对稠油火驱开发的影响规律十分必要。采用自主开发的燃烧管装置和多孔介质热效应监测装置,开展了火驱实验,分析不同渗透率下辽河稠油油藏火驱特征。结果表明:储层渗透率为650×10^(-3)μm^(2)时,火驱过程中各热电偶峰值温度达到550℃,燃烧前缘推进中温度没有下降,说明该渗透率下燃烧过程放热效率高,能够解除燃烧初期的油墙封堵;热效应监测装置能够高效快速地监测由于原油氧化燃烧反应所导致的温度变化,储层渗透率为480×10^(-3)μm^(2)时庙5区稠油燃烧峰值温度比储层渗透率为300×10^(-3)μm^(2)时高107℃,说明渗透率的提高增强了燃烧初期的放热,从而缓解了油墙的封堵效应。研究结果对不同渗透率稠油油藏火驱开发具有理论指导意义。

内置工字型CFRP型材高强圆钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱组合效应分析

目的 研究内置工字型CFRP型材的高强圆钢管高强混凝土短柱在轴心压力作用下三种材料的组合效应。方法 采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对其进行数值模拟,通过相关试验验证模型的准确性,并对典型构件的破坏形态、受力全过程曲线进行分析,揭示构件各组成部分之间的相互作用和工作机理,评估CFRP配置率、钢材屈服强度、混凝土抗压强度、约束效应系数对组合效应的影响。结果 在高强圆钢管高强混凝土柱中内置CFRP型材,对构件的延性及安全裕度有显著提高,并改善了高强圆钢管对高强混凝土的约束,提高了构件的组合效应。结论 CFRP配置率控制在5.9%~8.4%,约束效应系数在1.2~1.4,钢材屈服强度不大于770 MPa时,构件中三种材料组合效应最佳。

医疗失效模式及效应分析在腹部引流管管周潮湿相关性皮肤损伤管理中的应用

目的探讨医疗失效模式与效应分析(health care failure mode and effect analysis,HFMEA)在腹部引流管管周潮湿相关性皮肤损伤(moisture associated skin damage,MASD)中的应用效果。方法采用方便抽样法,选取我院2023年1-7月外科病房术后放置腹部引流管的患者360例。其中1-3月应用前的180例患者为对照组,4-7月应用后的180例患者为观察组。根据HFMEA质量改进方法,成立外科腹部引流管管周潮湿相关性皮肤损伤管理流程改进小组,并对其流程进行失效模式及潜在的原因分析,比较改进前后引流管管周MASD的发生率,引流管管周MASDⅢ+Ⅳ度的发生占比以及主要失效模式风险指数(risk priority number,RPN)值。结果实施医疗失效模式与效应分析管理后,引流管管周MASD的发生率下降(P<0.05),Ⅲ-Ⅳ度引流管管周MASD的发生减少(P<0.05),14项RPN比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFMEA管理模式有利于规范引流管管周MADS管理流程,规避护理风险。

基于数值模拟的蜂窝钢管约束混凝土靶抗侵彻机理

多孔蜂窝钢管约束混凝土靶具有良好的抗侵彻性能和拓展性能。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,采用FEM/CSCM-SPH/HJC耦合法,模拟了多孔蜂窝钢管约束混凝土靶抗硬芯枪弹侵彻过程,研究了蜂窝钢管约束混凝土靶的抗侵彻机理。结果表明:与单孔正六边形钢管约束混凝土靶和无约束混凝土靶相对比,蜂窝钢管约束混凝土优异的抗侵彻性能主要体现在隧道侵彻阶段,表现为限制弹丸头部附近混凝土的径向膨胀,增大侵彻阻力;对比单孔正六边形钢管约束混凝土靶,蜂窝钢管约束混凝土靶周边单元为钢管提供了支撑,限制了钢管壁的面外弯曲变形,强化了钢管的约束效应,即形成周边单元的附加约束作用;对比无约束混凝土靶,钢管的存在限制了蜂窝钢管约束混凝土靶被打击单元的径向膨胀,强化了被打击单元混凝土的围压效应,提高了混凝土的强度和变形性能,增大了弹丸的侵彻阻力,从而使其抗侵彻能力提高。因此,蜂窝钢管约束混凝土靶由于蜂窝钢管的侧向约束和周边单元的附加约束双重约束效应而体现出良好的抗侵彻性能。

脱庚烷塔分离效果差的原因分析及改进措施

异构化装置脱庚烷塔主要任务是分离C 8芳烃中的C 6~C 7馏分,为二甲苯装置提供原料。脱庚烷塔分离效果差,造成C 8芳烃损失,其主要原因一是外购混合二甲苯带有溶解氧,引起烯烃在进料换热器壳层升温后发生聚合,生成黏稠产物,导致脱庚烷塔进料温度低;二是高通量管换热器E-707基管表面多孔涂层覆有垢层,导致换热效果下降,换热能力不足。经过流程优化和更换换热器后,脱庚烷塔分离效果提升明显,塔顶C 8芳烃质量分数由10.00%降至1.34%,塔底苯质量分数低于0.01%,甲苯质量分数由1.16%降至0.38%。

冷弯圆钢管截面材料特性分布模型研究

对取自10种不同截面尺寸、不同直径、不同厚度的冷弯圆形钢管的120个试件进行了材料性能试验研究。结果表明:冷弯效应对材料的强度和延性影响较大;含焊缝圆弧部位的屈服强度和极限强度均比不含焊缝圆弧的部位有较大提高,而伸长率明显降低,含焊缝圆弧的断面收缩率也略有降低;不含焊缝部位和含焊缝处的强屈比也略有不同,分别为1.24和1.16。基于试验研究结果,提出了冷弯圆形钢管截面的屈服强度、极限强度、强屈比、伸长率和断面收缩率沿截面的分布模型。当相应冷弯圆钢管截面的梁、柱强度和稳定分析中需要考虑冷弯效应的影响时,可以用此分布模型进行分析。

基于相似理论的冲击模型试验结果修正-钢管混凝土柱的研究

缩尺模型冲击试验是研究原尺寸钢管混凝土冲击性能的重要手段之一,由于在冲击作用下,受应变率效应的影响,钢管混凝土柱缩尺模型试验中材料的动力强度和原型结构的动力强度并不满足相似比关系,导致缩尺试验结果映射原型结构冲击性能时存在一定的误差。基于密度、几何尺寸、冲击速度量纲体系建立相似模型准则,建立了大尺寸钢管混凝土柱侧向冲击的1/2、1/4和1/8相似缩尺模型,同时利用Workbench/LS-DYNA软件建立圆钢管混凝土柱侧向冲击的有限元模型,在验证模型的有效性后,分别从钢材和混凝土应变率敏感方程出发,对动态屈服应力相似性进行分析,重新推导相似比系数以解决材料应变率效应对不同相似比模型冲击性能的影响。结果表明,在考虑材料动态屈服应力相似后,钢管混凝土柱缩尺模型映射原尺寸结构冲击性能时,接触力、最大变形、屈服应力、冲击物速度和时间历程曲线吻合度的误差均得到进一步减小,其中最大变形误差减小最为显著,最大变形误差均在1.5%以内。总之,考虑材料动态屈服应力相似后,钢管混凝土柱缩尺模型映射原尺寸结构冲击性能的误差得到有效减小。