Improvement of breakdown characteristics of an A1GaN/GaN HEMT with a U-type gate foot for millimeter-wave power application

In this study, the physics-based device simulation tool Silvaco ATLAS is used to characterize the electrical properties of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） with a U-type gate foot. The U-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT mainly features a gradually changed sidewall angle, which effectively mitigates the electric field in the channel, thus obtaining enhanced off-state breakdown characteristics. At the same time, only a small additional gate capacitance and decreased gate resistance ensure excellent RF characteristics for the U-gate device. U-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are feasible through adjusting the etching conditions of an inductively coupled plasma system, without introducing any extra process steps. The simulation results are confirmed by experimental measurements. These features indicate that U-gate A1GaN/GaN HEMTs might be promising candidates for use in millimeter-wave power applications.

Dynamic Response of the U-Typed Sandwich Panel Under Explosion Load Based on the SDOF Method

Sandwich panel is commonly used in ship and marine engineering equipment,such as side structure and superstructure deck of a ship,which is of good anti-explosion performance.This paper addresses a study on the dynamic response of the U-typed sandwich panel under explosion load through the numerical simulation and theoretical methods.Based on the orthotropic plate theory,the U-typed sandwich panel is simplified and transformed into a single degree of freedom(SDOF)spring system,the equivalent motion equation of the SDOF system and the expression of triangular explosion load function are established based on the SDOF theory,and the maximum response spectrum of the SDOF system is obtained.Then,the response of the equivalent SDOF system of the U-typed sandwich panel under explosion load is analyzed,and the theoretical results match well with the numerical simulation results,which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical method proposed in this paper.The theoretical method proposed in this paper could have good engineering applications for the structural anti-explosion design,and provide a reference for the evaluation of the anti-explosion performance of ship and offshore platform structures.

U-Type Designs via New Generalized Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with <i>m</i>= 4, 5 and 7 Associated Classes

The traditional combinatorial designs can be used as basic designs for constructing designs of computer experiments which have been used successfully till now in various domains such as engineering, pharmaceutical industry, etc. In this paper, a new series of generalized partially balanced incomplete blocks PBIB designs with m associated classes (m = 4, 5 and 7) based on new generalized association schemes with number of treatments v arranged in w arrays of n rows and l columns (w ≥ 2, n ≥ 2, l ≥ 2) is defined. Some construction methods of these new PBIB are given and their parameters are specified using the Combinatory Method (s). For n or l even and s divisor of n or l, the obtained PBIB designs are resolvable PBIB designs. So the Fang RBIBD method is applied to obtain a series of particular U-type designs U (wnl;) (r is the repetition number of each treatment in our resolvable PBIB design).

Local Buckling-Induced Forming Method to Produce Metal Bellows

A novel buckling-induced forming method is proposed to produce metal bellows.The tube billet is firstly treated by local heating and cooling,and the axial loading is applied on both ends of the tube,then the buckling occurs at the designated position and forms a convolution.In this paper,a forming apparatus is designed and developed to produce both discontinuous and continuous bellows of 304 stainless steel,and their characteristics are discussed respectively.Furthermore,the influences of process parameters and geometric parameters on the final convolution profile are deeply studied based on FEM analysis.The results suggest that the steel bellows fabricated by the presented buckling-induced forming method have a uniform shape and no obvious reduction of wall thickness.Meanwhile,the forming force required in the process is quite small.

Subsea Compensation of Pressure Based on Reducer Bellows

In this study,the pressure compensation mechanism of a reducer bellows is analyzed.This device is typically used to reduce the size of undersea instruments and improve related pressure resistance and sealing capabilities.Here,its axial stiffness is studied through a multi-fold approach based on theory,simulations and experiments.The results indicate that the mechanical strength of the reducer bellows,together with the oil volume and temperature are the main factors influencing its performances.In particular,the wall thickness,wave number,middle distance,and wave height are the most influential parameters.For a certain type of reducer bellows,the compensation capacity attains a maximum when the wave number ratio is between 6:6 and 8:4,the wall thickness is 0.3 mm,and the wave height is between 4–5 mm and 5–6 mm.Moreover,the maximum allowable ambient pres-sure of the optimized reducer bellows can reach 62.6 MPa without failure,and the maximum working water depth is 6284 m.

基于ANSYS的波纹管波形参数对柱失稳影响分析

为了研究波纹管波形参数对波纹管柱失稳的影响,使用ANSYS Workbench对波纹管进行了模态分析与特征值屈曲分析。采用控制变量的方法,改变波纹管波形参数,分别进行有限元分析;并对相同波数下的复式波纹管进行有限元分析,且与单式波纹管稳定性做分析比较。有限元结果表明:在实际工作中,可通过增加波纹管壁厚、波距,或减小波高、减少波数的方法,减少波纹管柱失稳的发生;当波纹管长度较长、波数较多时,使用复式波纹管是更优的选择。

电阻缝焊在多层波纹管膨胀节制造中的非典型应用

因薄壁多层的波纹管刚度小,补偿量大,寿命长而得到广泛应用。但薄壁多层的波纹管与其连接件的环缝焊接难度较大。为了方便多层波纹管的环缝焊接,多采用电阻缝焊将波纹管的直边段封焊在一起。电阻焊缝普遍存在2种状态,即熔合状态和塑性粘合状态。在生产实践中和通过试验研究发现,塑性粘合状态的电阻焊缝大量存在,但并没有显著影响环缝的焊接,采用分散热输入的多层焊是可以克服的。此种电阻缝焊的目的和要求与通常意义上的2层电阻缝焊不同,不要求有承压强度和密封性,只要将多层波纹管端部塑性粘合成整体,当波纹管与连接件焊接时,使下层起到对上层的衬垫作用,不致烧穿即可。此处电阻焊缝是工艺过程焊缝,不是终极焊缝,是在波纹管膨胀节制造过程中的非典型应用。生产实践中不分层的塑性粘合状态的电阻焊缝也可以满足环缝焊接。

弹簧刚度对敏感波纹密封件特性影响的分析

对某些特殊性能的波纹管,可以采取在波纹管内腔或外部配置圆柱螺旋弹簧的方式。本文通过对弹簧数据、p-w曲线特性数据的分析,包括均布力刚度、压力灵敏度、重复性误差、迟滞误差、最大量程等数据,同时通过Ansys软件对密封组件进行受力分析,探究弹簧对测量类敏感类波纹管组件的影响。结果表明,加入弹簧后,波纹管组件特性有改善,均布力刚度下降,压力灵敏度升高,重复性误差、迟滞误差、最大量程等减小,并且通过选择合适刚度的弹簧,可以使组件性能达到最佳。

住宅新风系统卧式分风箱风量平衡的研究

卧式分风箱的风量平衡主要与箱体内导流板的结构参数有关,通过CFD数值模拟及SPASS正交实验的方法对导流板结构参数进行优化设计,来获得卧式分风箱风量平衡最好的导流板结构参数组合。选取3因素3水平建立正交实验表,利用Fluent对各实验组模型进行数值模拟,采用极差分析对结果进行处理,得到参数优化组合。研究结果表明:导流板夹角、导流板长度、导流板高度3个因素皆会对送风均匀性产生影响,且影响程度为:导流板高度>导流板夹角>导流板长度,优化设置导流板后的模型比初始模型各支路的不平衡率降低了37.6%,风量平衡整体提高,为以后类似分风箱的优化设计提供参考。

波纹管与阀杆真空电子束焊接工艺研究

真空电子束焊接是一种能量集中、熔深较大的精密焊接方法。阀用波纹管壁厚较薄时,与阀杆或法兰焊接具有较大的困难,通过优化焊接接头,设计合理的焊接工装,消除波纹管与阀杆或法兰的配合间隙,采用真空电子束焊接,可以很好地解决这一问题。

内压轴向位移载荷作用下波纹管多轴疲劳寿命预测

以某工程用波纹管为研究对象,采用新提出的MSWT(Modified Smith-Watson-Topper)临界面模型预测了波纹管在内压-轴向位移作用下的多轴疲劳寿命。由于波纹管承受低周位移载荷时在波峰波谷处发生塑性变形,故以塑性应变幅与最大正应力重新组成一个新的损伤参量DP,并定义最大DP值所在的平面为疲劳破坏发生的临界面。利用Abaqus软件对波纹管进行数值模拟,基于数值分析结果,MSWT模型预测不同工况下波纹管的疲劳寿命分别为3388次与6059次,与试验结果吻合程度较好,可为波纹管的设计开发提供一定的参考。

A bellow pressure fiber optic sensor for static ice pressure measurements

Static ice pressure affects safe operation of hydraulic structures. However, current detection methods are hindered by the following limitations： poor real-time performance and errors owing to the partial pressure of the surrounding wall on traditional electrical resistance strain bellow pressure sensors. We developed a fiber optic sensor with a special pressure bellow to monitor the static ice pressure on hydraulic structures and used the sensor to measure static pressure in laboratory ice growth and melting tests from -30℃ to 5℃. The sensor resolution is 0.02 kPa and its sensitivity is 2.74 × 10-4/kPa. The experiments suggest that the static ice pressure peaks twice during ice growth and melting. The first peak appears when the ice temperature drops to -15℃ owing to the liquid water to solid ice transition. The second peak appears at 0℃ owing to the thermal expansion of the ice during ice melting. The novel fiber optic sensor exhibits stable performance, high resolution, and high sensitivity and it can be used to monitor the static ice pressure during ice growth and melting.

螺纹升角对螺旋波纹管液压成形性能的影响

为了深入探究螺旋波纹管在液压成形工艺中的变形行为,以304不锈钢圆管为研究对象,采用有限元模拟方法分析了不同螺纹升角下管坯的液压成形过程,研究了不同螺纹升角对螺旋波纹管螺纹段胀形高度、减薄率以及波高均匀度的影响。结果表明,在相同内压力下,随着螺纹升角的增大,螺纹段胀形高度和最大减薄率显著降低,同时波高均匀度上升,但是壁厚增厚率变化不明显。最后以螺纹升角15°为例开展了螺旋波纹管液压成形实验验证。结果表明,内压力与补料量匹配不恰当主要会导致中心破裂和两端起皱两种缺陷。当液压成形工艺参数为:整形压力140 MPa,补料量15 mm,推头轴向进给速度1.5 mm·s^(-1),获得了成形质量优异的螺旋波纹管零件,实验结果与有限元模拟结果基本吻合。

考虑灌浆料龄期的钢筋-金属波纹管浆锚连接锚固性能试验研究

为研究钢筋-金属波纹管浆锚连接的锚固性能,设计制作18组连接件,并完成拉拔试验。基于试验结果研究钢筋锚固长度la、灌浆料龄期T与螺旋箍筋约束对浆锚连接锚固性能的影响。试验结果表明,所有锚固钢筋均经历完整的弹性阶段与屈服阶段,最终试件表现为钢筋粘结-滑移破坏、钢筋拉断两种破坏形式。当灌浆料龄期T=3 d时,试件均发生粘结-滑移破坏;当灌浆料龄期T=7 d且锚固长度la≥13d时,试件均出现钢筋断裂破坏;当灌浆料龄期T=28 d时,无配箍试件锚固长度l_(a)=7d时、配箍试件l_(a)=5d时出现钢筋断裂破坏。提高钢筋锚固长度、灌浆料龄期与配置螺旋箍筋约束有利于试件的极限强度提高,并趋近钢筋实验抗拉强度,显著降低钢筋的弹性阶段滑移量,提高初始刚度,提升试件的锚固性能。实际工程中,当孔径比不小于2.6时,为确保3 d与7 d锚固性能,锚固长度应大于13d;为确保正常工作中钢筋充分发挥其力学性能,锚固长度应不小于10d。

液压成形对液体火箭发动机多层增强S型波纹管结构疲劳寿命的影响

完善液体火箭发动机燃气摇摆装置中增强S型波纹管组件的疲劳寿命评估方法,提高其疲劳寿命预测精度,是发展可重复使用液体火箭发动机的重要课题之一。针对多层增强S型波纹管,为了计算其液压成形后的实际寿命数据,了解成形工艺对其疲劳寿命的影响,提出一种充分考虑成形制备过程对结构不同区域几何构型和材料力学性能造成差异化影响后的波纹管疲劳寿命分析方法。该方法基于成形仿真和材料拉伸试验结果,构建实际波纹管有限元模型并进行三维仿真分析,得到其在高内压和不同摆动工况下结构危险点的循环载荷信息,并根据波纹管结构的低周疲劳失效特点采用子午向应力应变数据,以及经过平均应力应变修正的Manson-Coffin(M-C)公式对波纹管的循环寿命进行估算和对比分析。结果表明:波纹管疲劳寿命薄弱点位置和大小均与循环摆角有关;在预测计算中考虑液压成形作用影响更接近实际场景,所得结构疲劳寿命大小和所在区域均与理论模型值存在差异,在结构设计、优化和健康监测中不应忽视其影响。

基于S-N曲线的汽车波纹管位移循环载荷寿命研究

建立了汽车波纹管有限元模型,研究了位移循环载荷对汽车波纹管寿命的影响规律,探明了汽车波纹管不同结构参数与等效应力、应变和疲劳寿命之间的关系,并通过正交试验优化了波纹管结构参数。分析了疲劳失效后309S不锈钢汽车波纹管微观组织。结果表明:随着位移循环载荷增大,波纹管疲劳寿命降低,疲劳寿命有限元结果和试验结果误差小于8.8%。增大波高、波距、波宽及减小壁厚有利于提高波纹管疲劳寿命,通过正交试验优化,等效应力由670.5 MPa减小到582.3 MPa,疲劳寿命由80060次增加到241450次。在水涨成形阶段,由于冷变形产生了部分马氏体,位移循环载荷作用下波纹管断裂处硬度接近200 HV,波峰处有明显的裂纹,其内部存在疲劳特征。

索尔·贝娄作品中共同体思想的演变及启示

索尔·贝娄作品中的共同体思想经历了变化过程,从早期作品关注个体自身的发展,到中期作品对社会不公、个体身份和责任等的关注,再到晚期作品对人类命运的深思。索尔·贝娄作品中共同体思想的演变反映了作家对现代社会人际关系的脆弱、个体对社会责任的思考,以及对建立和谐、包容、进步的共同体的渴望。索尔·贝娄对社会正义的关注、不断反思及晚年经历,进一步推动了其共同体思想的发展,展示了作家对人类共同体和个体存在意义的持续探索。索尔·贝娄作品中的共同体思想启示人们,只有以爱为桥梁、以团结为力量、以个体责任为指南,才能构建一个充满希望、和谐与进步的共同体。

金属波纹管开裂失效分析与防控策略研究

金属波纹管开裂失效是化工流程生产安全重点关注的技术问题。为了提高金属波纹管的安全稳定性,在对金属波纹管开裂失效的主要原因进行综合分析的基础上,以三氯氢硅储罐出料管线金属波纹管开裂失效为例,重点从断口宏观形貌分析、金相组织分析等方面入手,对该金属波纹管开裂失效的行为和原因进行了深入研究,结合现场生产实际运行数据,对金属波纹管开裂失效提出了有意义的防控策略。这有助于及时预防金属波纹管开裂失效事故,对确保设备长周期安全稳定运行具有重要指导意义。

钛合金波纹管液压成形工艺研究

本文采用有限元仿真计算与成形实验研究了TA34钛合金U型波纹管液压成形工艺,分析了成形过程中坯料长度、成形内压对波纹管母线弧长、壁厚、回弹的影响。研究结果表明,钛合金波纹管液压成形过程中,随坯料长度与成形内压的增加,母线弧长线性提高,波峰高度逐渐增加,波峰处壁厚下降,波纹管轴向回弹与径向回弹升高;随母线弧长的提高,成形件的轴向回弹与径向回弹线性升高;该工艺可将波纹管成形件的波高与波宽之差控制在5%以内,并通过对工艺参数的优化成功制备了U型TA34钛合金波纹管。

U型波纹管多目标优化分析

疲劳寿命是波纹管重要的性能之一。轻量化是生产活动中需要考虑的因素。在符合刚度、强度和稳定性等力学性能的前提下,利用有限元软件ANSYS对建立的波纹管力学模型仿真计算,分析了影响波纹管寿命和重量的因素。通过多岛遗传法优化波纹管尺寸结构,提高了波纹管66.77%疲劳寿命,并降低了波纹管30.84%的重量,从而提高了波纹管的行业竞争力和经济价值。