Centrifuge modeling of PGD response of buried pipe

A new centrifuge based method for determining the response of continuous buried pipe to PGD is presented. The physical characteristics of the RPI's 100 g-ton geotechnical centrifuge and the current lifeline experiment split-box are described: The split-box contains the model pipeline and surrounding soil and is manufactured such that half can be offset, in flight, simulating PGD. In addition, governing similitude relations which allow one to determine the physical characteristics, (diameter, wall thickness and material modulus of elasticity) of the model pipeline are presented. Finally, recorded strains induced in two buried pipes with prototype diameters of 0.63 m and 0.95 m (24 and 36 inch) subject to 0.6 and 2.0 meters (2 and 6 feet) of full scale fault offsets and presented and compared to corresponding FE results.

Comparison between the Seismic Performance of Buried Pipes and Pipes in a Utility Tunnel

A utility tunnel system consists of pipes and ancillary facilities.In this paper,a finite element model of a concrete utility tunnel with pipes inside is established.Several tunnel segments were built to simulate a real utility tunnel,while the pipe was fixed by springs on the brackets in the utility tunnel.Using the discrete soil spring element to simulate the soil-structure interaction,actual earthquake records were adopted as excitation to analyze the seismic responses of pipes in a utility tunnel.Moreover,the influences of different parameters,including soil type,earthquake records,and field apparent wave velocity on the seismic responses of the utility tunnel and the pipes inside were studied.Finally,the seismic responses of buried pipes were analyzed and compared with those of pipes in a utility tunnel to evaluate the seismic performance of pipes for two working conditions.

Influence of Shear Effects on the Characteristics of Axisymmetric Wave Propagation in a Buried Fluid‑Filled Pipe

The acoustic propagation characteristics of axisymmetric waves have been widely used in leak detection of fluid-filled pipes.The related acoustic methods and equipment are gradually coming to the market,but their theoretical research obviously lags behind the field practice,which seriously restricts the breakthrough and innovation of this technology.Based on the fully three-dimensional effect of the surrounding medium,a coupled motion equation of axisymmetric wave of buried liquid-filled pipes is derived in detail,a contact coefficient is used to express the coupling strength between surrounding medium and pipe,then,a general equation of motion was derived which contain the pipe soil lubrication contact,pipe soil compact contact and pipe in water and air.Finally,the corresponding numerical calculation model is established and solved used numerical method.The shear effects of the surrounding medium and the shear effects at the interface between surrounding medium and pipe are discussed in detail.The output indicates that the surrounding medium is to add mass to the pipe wall,but the shear effect is to add stiffness.With the consideration of the contact strength between the pipe and the medium,the additional mass and the pipe wall will resonate at a specific frequency,resulting in a significant increase in the radiation wave to the surrounding medium.The research contents have great guiding effect on the theory of acoustic wave propagation and the engineering application of leak detection technology in the buried pipe.

Design Guidelines for Buried Profile-Wall Pipe

The overall objective of this study was to provide guidance for proper design of profile-walled pipe. Data from buried pipe tests on HDPE pipes with thirteen different profiles were included in the study. These tests were run in the soil cell at Utah State University. Also, parallel plate tests were also completed on the pipe samples. Data from 39 buried pipe tests were analyzed. The buried tests were at 75, 85 and 95 percent of standard Proctor density. This paper summarizes the results of that study and focuses on the tests buried in 85 percent dense soil. In addition to the experimental data, a portion of this paper focuses on finite element analysis results to confirm and extend the results from the physical tests. Design limits are recommended for several dimensionless parameters that describe profile geometry. One of the significant conclusions of this study was that pipes with profiles that perform well when buried in soil also perform well in a parallel plate tests. The identities of the pipe manufacturers are not disclosed, and pipes are only described in terms of basic parameters such as cross-sectional area and area moments of inertia.

Analysis of mechanical behaviors of big pipe roof for shallow buried large-span tunnel

A series of researches on mechanical behaviors of big pipe roof for shallow large-span loess tunnel were carried out based on the Wenxiang tunnel in Zhengzhou—Xi'an Special Passenger Railway. The longitudinal deformations of the pipe roofs were monitored and the mechanical behaviors of the pipe roofs were analyzed at the test section. A new double-parameter elastic foundation beam model for pipe roof in shallow tunnels was put forward in Wenxiang tunnel. The measured values and the calculation results agreed well with each other,revealing the force-deformation law of big pipe roof in loess tunnel:At about 15 m in front of the excavating face,the pipe roof starts to bear the load;at about 15 m behind the excavating face,the force of the pipe roof tends to be stabilized;the longitudinal deformation of the whole pipe roofs is groove-shaped distribution,and the largest force of pipe roofs is at the excavating face. Simultaneously,the results also indicate that mechanical behaviors of pipe roof closely relate to the location of the excavation face,the footage of the tunnelling cycle and the mechanics parameters of pipe roof and rock. The conclusions can be reference for the design parameter optimization and the construction scheme selection of pipe roofs,and have been verified by the result of numerical analysis software FLAC3Dand deformation monitoring.

Sensitivity Analysis of Buried Jointed Pipelines Subjected to Earthquake Waves

In this study, a number of nonlinear time-history dynamic analyses are conducted on a part of Tehran water distribution network to investigate its functionality during transient large ground motions. The network is of 950-meter length, consisting of ductile iron pipes segments of 6-meter length. Pipes are modeled using beam elements and springs characterize the connections. Considering the time lag between support inputs, and the nonlinear soil-pipe interaction, by scaling the amplitude of the Tab as earthquake record, incremental dynamic analysis is carried out on the network in two orthogonal directions and the sensitivity of the network response is examined. Furthermore, the effects of variations in soil damping and soil spring stiffness are also studied in the network analysis. Finally the effect of changes in angle between incoming wave and pipeline is considered on a simplified network. Results show that the points other than critical ones at network intersections remain almost intact and when the angle of incidence is 30 degrees the stress and rotation peak.

Numerical simulation of heat release performance of filling body under condition of heat extracted by fluid flowing in buried tube

It is the basic requirement of the synergetic exploitation of deep mineral resources and geothermal resources to arrange the heat transfer tube in filling body. The heat release performance of filling body directly impacts on the exploiting efficiency of geothermal energy. Based on heat transfer theory, a three-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model of filling body is established by using FLUENT simulation software. Taking the horizontal U-shaped buried pipe as research object, the variation of temperature field in filling body around buried pipe is analyzed during the heat release process of filling body;the initial temperature of filling body, the diameter of buried pipe, the inlet temperature and inlet velocity of heat transfer fluid influencing of coupling heat transfer, which exists between heat transfer fluid and surrounding filling body within a certain axial distance of buried tube, and influencing of temperature difference between inlet and outlet of heat transfer fluid and on heat transfer performance of filling body are also discussed. It not only lays a theoretical foundation for the synergetic exploitation of mineral resources and geothermal energy in deep mines, but also provides a reference basis for the arrangement of buried pipes in filling body as well as the selection of working conditions for heat transfer fluid.

中深层地埋管热泵供热系统运行特性实测研究

通过大量工程实测研究,总结了中深层地埋管热泵供热技术的运行特性。中深层地埋管具有出水温度高、取热功率大、长期运行稳定的特点,为热泵系统提供了高品位的低温热源,以提升其运行性能;同时中深层地埋管自身存在间歇蓄热特性,能很好地满足建筑供热需求变化与柔性用能;无级变频热泵机组更适合与中深层地埋管匹配运行,节能减排效果显著;热源侧水系统具有小流量、大扬程,且阻力随着流量变化而大幅度变化的特性。研究结果可为提升该技术的供热性能提供关键指导。

交通载荷作用下埋地含缺陷玻璃钢管道力学行为研究

为分析含缺陷玻璃钢管道在交通载荷作用下的力学行为,基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立了含不同形状缺陷管道模型和不同埋深管土模型,研究了不同埋深、不同载荷及缺陷深度对管道不同层中截面沿环向应力分布规律的影响。结果表明,无缺陷管道各层应力分布均匀,含缺陷管道内区域层应力沿管材缠绕方向集中于缺陷对称角处;管道仅含轴向缺陷时管体应力峰值与应力突变幅度最大;缺陷相对深度对管道应力峰值影响较大。

基于单元生死技术的埋地管道塌陷过程力学分析

为解决埋地管道塌陷发育过程中管周土动态流失的非线性问题,首先,采用数值分析方法构建穿越塌陷区的管-土非线性耦合模型,并应用单元生死技术模拟土体流失过程;其次,依托试验实测数据及规范验证模型,分析不同塌陷阶段埋地管道的应力变形特征;然后,研究埋地管道遭受土体塌陷作用下的破坏机制,确定埋地管道的控制应力及危险截面;最后,通过分析管土接触,探讨管土相互作用揭示埋地管道塌陷动态演化过程及力学特征。结果表明:轴向应力为控制应力,跨中管底为控制点,跨中截面为危险截面,过度的拉应力是埋地管道失效的主要原因;证实管土分离现象的存在,且在塌陷深度达到48 mm时管土分离;随着塌陷过程的进展,管-土结构从开始变形到埋地管道受拉破坏的全过程分为3个阶段,即顶部受压阶段、过渡阶段和底部受拉阶段,塌陷深度80与160 mm为分界点;塌陷深度达到59 mm时,管顶应力在跨中位置处实现谷值到峰值的转变;塌陷深度达到80 mm时,摩擦应力出现。

横向滑坡载荷作用下埋地PE管道的损伤数值模拟

埋地燃气输送管道服役环境复杂,其中滑坡地质灾害严重威胁管道的服役安全。以埋地聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)管道为研究对象,利用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟了横向滑坡载荷作用下的管道损伤行为,探讨了滑坡参数(滑坡体位移量)、管道埋深以及内压对PE管力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:滑坡作用下埋地PE管最大偏移、最大Mises应力和最大主应变均位于管轴向横截对称面上。管道最大Mises应力随滑坡位移的增大而增大,管底为管道最终屈服点,屈服主要原因为管横截面被压扁变形。管道未屈服时,最大Mises应力随内压的增大呈现先减小后增大的现象,最大主应变随内压的增大而增大。最大Mises应力和最大主应变均随埋深的增大而增大。

基于土壤分层的双U型地埋管出口温度及土壤温度场研究

目的 探究在土壤分层和地下水渗流条件下地埋管的出口温度以及传热规律。方法 基于多孔介质理论建立分层岩土体瞬态三维模型,分析土壤的初始温度、地下水渗流、回填材料种类对地埋管出口温度及土壤温度场的影响。结果 土壤初始温度为290.15 K时,热泵运行30 d后地埋管的出口温度最高,达到280.43 K;三种常用的回填材料中沙土的换热效果最好,黏土作为回填材料时,地埋管附近出现明显的冷量堆积;地下水渗流速度达到200 m/a时,地埋管出口温度为280.85 K,相较于不存在地下水渗流时的出口温度增加了0.51 K。结论 土壤初始温度、地下水渗流速度均与地埋管出口温度呈正相关;土壤温度场的变化在一定程度上取决于回填材料的种类及热物性;地下水渗流的存在能够消除土壤冷量的堆积,在地埋管敷设时应适当增加沿着渗流方向管间距离。

基于改进粒子群算法的中深层地源热泵供暖系统运行优化

构建变工况运行且包含蓄热装置的中深层地源热泵供暖系统,基于改进粒子群算法,分别以运行费用、系统COP和地热能利用系数为目标函数对系统运行进行优化,并对优化结果进行比较和分析。结果表明:对应目标函数优化后的运行费用、系统COP和地热能利用系数分别为279.27元、6.4420和0.8527。以系统COP为目标函数的优化效果与运行费用相反,而与地热能利用系数相近。

岩土热物性对深埋管换热性能的影响

建立深度为2500m的地埋管-岩土耦合换热模型,对地埋管换热进行2880h(4个月)模拟计算,分析岩土导热系数和地温梯度对地埋管换热特性和岩土温度的影响,探究地埋管累计换热量与影响半径的关系。结果表明:岩土导热系数的增大会提升地埋管的换热能力,但随着导热系数的增大提升速率减缓,导热系数为1 W/(m·K)和4 W/(m·K)时,地埋管在2880h内的平均换热量分别为216.17kW和495.92kW;地温梯度增大同样可以提升地埋管换热能力,且提升速率基本不变,地温梯度为20℃/km和35℃/km时,地埋管在2880h内的平均换热量分别为310.15kW和485.55kW;在换热条件确定时,地埋管累计换热量与受到影响的岩土体积线性相关。

不同土质条件下土壤蓄热特性的数值模拟研究

选取严寒地区、寒冷地区、夏热冬冷地区典型地源热泵作为研究对象,建立地埋管及周围土壤的物理模型,根据不同地域的地质条件,为土壤区域设置不同的热物性参数及分层数,对整个蓄热季的地埋管及周围土壤的换热情况进行数值模拟,探究地质条件对地源热泵换热特性及土壤蓄热量的影响。结果表明,由于所选各地区土壤热物性参数及分层数不同,整个蓄热季后土壤蓄热量差异较大,严寒地区、寒冷地区、夏热冬冷地区土壤蓄热量分别为949.251 MJ、1 031.122 MJ和709.225 MJ。受土壤各层热物性参数差异影响,同一地区各层土壤的热量传递半径及升温速率也存在较大不同。粉质粘土层热量传递半径大,中粗砂与淤泥质粘土层温度提升快。此外,在整个蓄热季中,受土壤热容增大影响,蓄热效率呈现出下降趋势,在实际运行过程中应采用间歇蓄热,提升蓄热效率。

深层埋管换热技术研究热点与发展趋势分析

为动态分析深层埋管换热领域研究热点与前沿发展趋势,运用可视化知识图谱分析软件,将近23年CNKI和WOS数据库中与深层埋管研究相关的学术性文献作为数据源,分别从发文量、国际核心机构和关键词等进行文献计量与内容分析,解析该领域的研究热点和前沿分析。研究结果表明:2000年以来深层埋管研究领域的文献发文量逐步上升,核心作者及机构之间的合作仅为单线或团队内部之间,跨机构之间较少;研究热点和趋势具有阶段性特征,不同阶段的研究重点不同。随着地热能+、“双碳”目标和“十四五”可再生能源发展规划等一系列战略决策及清洁能源高效利用理念的提出,深层埋管换热领域的研究热点更聚焦于交叉学科的渗透和技术方法的创新,国内深层埋管换热技术未来的发展趋势表现为开采技术突破、换热器类型及材质方面的创新与探索、研究方法优化和外扩中深层地热、综合效益评价等新的研究方向,国外则侧重于换热性能、热泵系统、深层埋管换热器和数值模拟等方向。相关数据可为深层埋管换热技术相关学者的研究工作提供借鉴。

冷热原油顺序输送管道热应力与疲劳寿命分析

近年来,随着国外原油进口量的持续攀升以及国内油田产量的下降,管道输送出现了不同油品需要用同一条输油管线共同输送的情况。以庆铁四线管道为例,结合实际参数,应用ANSYS有限元分析方法,采用六面体结构性网格对管壁进行离散化处理,对埋地管道热结构耦合问题进行求解,分别计算了直管段和弯管段在不同温度下的热应力;基于断裂力学理论,计算了不同服役寿命下的年循环周期极限,分析了温度交替变化对管道疲劳寿命的影响。实验结果为冷热原油管道安全输送提供了理论依据。

地埋管换热系统改造项目关键技术节点施工工艺研究

天津某管业公司建筑原采用常压燃气热水锅炉供热和分体式空调供冷,现拟以浅层地热能为基础能源对原供热制冷系统进行改造,施工前首先通过现场岩土热响应试验、地下管线探测等查明施工场地岩土体结构和换热能力,掌握地下综合管线的分布,并对建筑单位冷热负荷指标校正。重点阐述地埋管换热系统施工过程的关键技术节点,即竖直换热孔钻进、下管、回填及水平管线连接等,为类似改造项目提供参考。

考虑管道自重荷载的埋地钢管结构计算方法

埋地钢管在重大引调水工程中应用越发广泛,作为整个工程的生命线,保证其结构安全至关重要。然而,目前埋地钢管的结构计算方法仍然较为粗略,常忽略管道自重荷载。针对此,采用理论分析方法,在Spangler模型理论基础上,构建出考虑管道自重荷载的新计算方法,并与传统计算方法和有限元法结果比较分析。结果表明:新计算方法仅需在原计算公式的分子项上增加管重项,较为简单方便;管道自重对变形增幅的影响基本上不超过20%,对管径大且埋深小的管道,应予以考虑,而对管径<1 m或埋深>4 m的管道,可以忽略;新计算方法与有限元法得出的变形结果规律性较好,一般情况下其计算精度较传统方法更高,并且同样适用于其他类型的埋地柔性管道。

浅埋矩形顶管背土效应全过程理论分析模型

针对浅埋矩形顶管顶进的背土效应,提出覆盖背土竖向扩展阶段、水平扩展阶段和整体背土阶段的全过程理论分析模型,确定顶管顶进的松动土压力、管土摩擦力、侧壁剪切约束力和前端阻力的计算方法,得到背土启动和发展全过程的理论计算公式.结果表明:背土是否启动主要由顶管上覆土层的厚度、地层土体特性和管土摩擦特性决定,与顶进长度无直接关系;背土竖向扩展阶段的背土区域厚度和水平扩展阶段的地表扩展宽度都随着顶进长度的增加而非线性增长;理论分析结果与矩形顶管顶进全过程三维有限元模拟结果和现场实测结果吻合较好,理论公式可为矩形顶管背土发展全过程预测分析提供一种有效而简便的方法.