A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

Accreditation System of Distance Higher Education in the U.S. and Its Implications for China

Distance higher education is an important component of the Chinese higher education.How to enhance the quality of distance higher education is one of the key issues to be addressed in the research areas of distance education and higher education.As a crucial step to quality improvement,the constitution of accreditation system in distance higher education balances the benefits of all parties involved.This paper explores the American accreditation system of higher education and distance education and concludes with suggestions for the constitution of the Chinese quality assurance system:1)establishing third-party institutions to share part of the government roles;2)constituting the accreditation system;3)setting up appropriate standards;4)publicizing results of quality assurance work;and 5)building internal quality assurance mechanism.This paper is aimed to provide some reference to the constitution of accreditation system of distance higher education in China,facilitate the solution of quality problems in distance education,and promote the continuous improvement and development of distance education in China.

An Analysis of Teacher's Professional Development of Higher Vocational Education

Teachers are the backbones of any educational institutions. They not only play vital roles in students' development;they also directly affect the stature of their respective scholastic organizations. Highly qualified instructors produce competent and well-rounded students— learners who are more than ready to face the quirks and challenges of the labor force. This paper primarily discusses the following questions: What is teacher's professional development? What is higher vocational teacher's professional development? And how can scholastic institutions promote it? The conclusion states that the characteristics of higher vocational education directly influence the higher vocational teacher's professional development; therefore, it must be nurtured and promoted for the development of all the stakeholders of learning institutions – students, teachers, management staff,the learning institution itself, and the nation as a whole.

Contributing to Sustainable Development——The Mission and Value of Higher Education

Some notes on sustainable development and scientific outlook on development were given. It is addressed that the mission of higher education to contribute to sustainable development should be reinforced and further expanded. The present situation of China's higher education and the improvements required were analyzed. Two modes of thinking (reductionism and holism) and the relationship between the mode of thinking and the mode of development were discussed. The change in the mode of thinking is the key point for Chinese higher education, and more intensive reform of teaching affairs is necessary. A proposal of the revision of China's Higher Education Act and University Constitutions was put forward.

REFORMING CHINA'S HIGHER ENGINEERING EDUCATION

This article expounds that China’s higher engineering education is facing both challenges and opportunities. Some special difficulties and problems rise in the course of economic transition, and exhort us that it has been of great urgency to carry out a reform of higher engineering education. Here are put forward six measures: to explore training patterns of such an education suited to China’s national conditions; to improve university system: to transform educational ideology, and reform educational contents and methods; to establish a system of cooperation of engineering universities and colleges with industries; to strengthen construction of teacher contingent in engineering universities and colleges; and to carry out testing work of continuing engineering education and training education.

From Mutual Creation to Mutual Benefit:China’s National Teacher Training Program between Higher Teacher Education and K-12 Teachers

Sustainable Development Goal(SDG 4)lays solid theoretical foundation for the development of higher teacher education in improving the quality of teaching faculty nationwide.Sustainable teacher training paves a way for teacher professional development in the long run.China’s“National Teacher Training Program”serves a connection between higher teacher education and K-12 teachers in multiple perspectives when exploring K-12 teachers’improvement of the essence by upgrading the initiative of the program with the assistance of educational technology and modern educational philosophy from mutual creation to mutual benefit.Direction orientation strategic design based on demand for teaching faculty,curriculum setting in modules,and characteristics creation have been carried out to upgrade the training of teacher colleges and National Teacher Training Program in the future for achieving a win-win situation between higher teacher education and K-12 education.

Contribution of Development of China's Higher Education to Human Rights Undertaking

Human rights are the rights and freedoms of humans in their nature, and represent the basic conditions for the free and complete development of the humankind. The educational develop- ment level is an important mark of the level of realization of human rights. China＇s higher education realized the historic development in the 1998- 2007 period, and the number of the enrolled students at common colleges and universities across the nation had exploded from 3.4 million to 18.85 million, the number one in the world.

高等教育、区域创新能力与数字经济发展

在加快建设数字中国的时代背景下,对高等教育与数字经济之间的关系进行探索有助于优化高等教育的定位和资源配置,并赋能经济社会高质量发展。本研究基于2011—2020年我国各省份的面板数据,实证探究高等教育对区域数字经济发展的影响效应、作用机制和异质性特征。研究发现,高等教育是区域数字经济发展的重要推动力量,其正向影响效应在使用工具变量缓解内生性问题后仍然稳健;区域创新能力是高等教育驱动数字经济增长的有效机制;高等教育对数字经济的贡献具有明显的时序动态性和区域异质性。基于研究结果,未来我国应彰显数字经济发展中的高校力量,通过探索数字创新人才培养体系、实施差异化产学研融合策略以及优化高等教育资源配置等举措,加快构建高等教育与数字经济协同发展的新格局。

科技革命演进中的世界高等教育中心转移及其特征

每一次科技革命的发生都必然带来高等教育的大发展,而每一次高等教育的大发展又进一步推动科技革命的新突破。纵观人类科技革命史和高等教育发展史可以发现:世界高等教育中心经历了从欧洲到北美洲的转移过程,且在新一轮科技革命背景下呈现多中心的新趋势。其中,第一次科技革命以机器替代手工为标志,引领世界高等教育的内外变革,奠定了以欧洲为中心的近代大学主旋律;第二次科技革命以电气的广泛应用为标志,高等教育成为推动第二次科技革命的主阵地,德国和美国相继主导世界科技的发展,世界高等教育中心开始从欧洲向北美转移;第三次科技革命以信息技术、新能源技术等为突破口,美国成为国际人才流动与集聚的世界高等教育中心,科技与教育深度互动的政产学研战略协同机制成为新的变革方向。在新一轮科技革命背景下,中国迅速崛起,多中心格局成为时代趋势,努力建成世界主要科学中心和创新高地成为中国实现创新驱动发展战略与教育强国战略的共同目标。从演变过程看,科技革命与高等教育的关系经历了从单向推动到双向联动的系统深化过程,世界高等教育中心的形成呈现动态演变的历史特征,受到教育内外部系统的多重因素影响。面向新时代,世界各国竞争趋势加剧,高等教育在国家发展和科技创新中的战略性地位得到进一步彰显,世界高等教育发展呈现竞合共存的局面。以中国为首的后发型国家在科技革命与高等教育的双向互动中将逐渐由“边缘”走向“中心”,成为影响世界高等教育发展的重要力量。

教师教育高质量发展:内涵、困境与推进策略

推动教师教育高质量发展是推进我国教育现代化建设的前提基础,是优化教育生态、推进教育改革的必经之路。新时代,推动教师教育高质量发展,要厘清教师教育高质量发展的内涵要义,明确教师教育高质量发展的基本要求,认真审视教师教育发展质量缺乏保障、区域教师教育的不均衡发展、教育发展机构职能的弱化、教师教育实践基地不完善等教师教育面临的现实困境。基于此,探寻出以“构建发展体系”“优质均衡发展”“强化机构职能”“建设U-S-G联合实践基地”为主的推进策略。

高质量的“U-G-I-S-C”教师教育模式构建研究

“U-G-I-S-C”教师教育模式能满足教师教育一体化发展、大学和中小学共同利益实现与优势发挥最大化、实现中国式现代化和教育强国建设培养卓越中小学教师的需要。为进一步提高我国教师教育质量,可从以下几方面优化“U-G-I-S-C”教师教育模式运行策略:明晰合作理念和共同利益目标,合作关系从松散走向共生;建立平等协商和高效工作机制,合作效果从单兵作战走向互惠共赢;共同发展教育作为爱的事业,从利益联合走向文化融合;增进技术赋能,促进教师培养从断裂式走向全程浸入式并基于循证的教师教育过程;完善保障机制,汇聚各方组织的巨大合力。

成效·局限·改革:“G-U-S”三位一体协同育师机制审思

“G-U-S”三位一体协同育师机制是指,政府、高校、中小学(含幼儿园)三方各司其职,责任共担、协同培育教师的一种制度形式与工作方式。现有的三位一体协同育师机制尽管促进了教师培育成效提高、教师教育资源整合、区域教育均衡发展及教师专业水平持续提升,但仍然存在相关决策主体单一、三元主体权责不明、培育方案不够成熟、协同培育管理不够协调等局限。为进一步提升“三位一体”协同育师机制的成效,理应构建具有一定行政职能的协同育师主体联盟,明晰“三位”主体各自的权责,完善协同育师培育方案,促进协同培育管理更加协调。

黄炎培劳动教育思想对新时代高职院校劳动教育体系重构的启示研究

黄炎培作为职业教育的开拓者,其劳动教育思想具有体系社会化、内容实用化的特征,为新时代实现“五育并举”提供了先行探索,为开展劳动教育提供了指导借鉴。在黄炎培劳动教育思想启示下,新时代高职院校劳动教育应重构教学体系、评价体系、支持体系与保障体系,构建符合我国高职院校实际的劳动教育体系。

活动理论视域下职前教师ICM专业品性发展模式构建

专业品性是教师达成教学目标的行为倾向性以及运用恰当的知识与技能的自我意识和语境意识,体现了教师的职业态度、价值观与信念,是内在师德的外化行为表现。基于活动理论,职前教师ICM专业品性发展模式以侧重ICM三个维度的多样化任务和品性评估为中介,以U-S教师教育共同体为专业品性示范与共建平台,以分工协调U-S教师教育共同体在ICM专业品性发展活动中的任务,以规则促进职前教师与U-S教师教育共同体的交互,旨在探索能持续促进职前教师专业品性发展的元素,提高职前教师师德建设与发展的实操性和实效性。

基于产教融合的全日制教育硕士“U-G-S”育人体系改革与探索——以学科教学(物理)专业为例

首先分析了现行全日制学科教学(物理)教育硕士育人体系存在的共性突出问题,再根据研究高校、政府、产业三者合作与利益关系的三重螺旋理论,建构了以人才培养质量为主线,对接物理基础教育行业需求,强化专业实践能力培养,突出高校、政府、中小学育人主体地位的“U-G-S”产教融合育人体系,并提出了“U-G-S”育人的实施路径:政府应转变角色定位,制定政策机制,推动各方主体主动参与,落实育人主体责任,发挥育人协调作用;高校应改革育人体系,完善育人机制,践行育人主体担当,发挥育人主导作用;中小学应认同育人价值,树立育人主体地位,履行育人主体职责,发挥育人深度参与作用。

全日制教育硕士“U-T-S”协同培养模式的创新研究——基于关系主义理论的思考

以协同教育、合作指导为基本框架的培养模式是师生之间、生生之间群体化交往和社会化学习的重要途径。“U-T-S”协同培养模式是由大学、教育研训机构、中小学作为主导机构,以促进全日制教育硕士的知识技能成长以及教师专业发展为最终目的,具有关系平等性、经验共享性、利益互惠性、全程参与性四个特征。当前,“U-T-S”协同培养中存在合作共识缺失、合作价值偏移、合作话语分歧以及合作效果欠佳等问题。以关系主义理论为基础,从明确关系性行为,培养合作共识;加强尊重与理解,构建可持续发展的关系网络;建立多方关系协商机制,妥善化解矛盾冲突;重构关系理性,创新培养模式四个方面对“U-T-S”协同培养模式进一步优化,确保育人过程更为科学有效运行。

基于U-G-S协同机制的教育实习课程优化策略研究

教育实习课程是师范生实践能力培养的重要环节。随着新时代对教师教育实践性的不断强化以及传统实习模式弊端的逐渐暴露,优化实习模式势在必行。文章立足于U-G-S协同机制的内涵及基本合作模式,针对传统实习模式对教师职业认知不完整、伙伴关系结构形式化、实习生主动性没有得到充分发挥的问题,提出跨越职前与职后领域经验、合作伙伴式的导学关系、以研究为导向的专题实践的优化策略,探索教师教育专业一体化发展、区域与学校双重提升的有效路径。

我国中西部高等教育的特征及主要问题——基于商业模式画布理论的分析

随着国家区域协调发展战略的有效实施,中西部高等教育在时代浪潮中砥砺奋进。但中西部高等教育与东部相比,总体水平仍有很大差距。深入审视该行业的商业模式对推动党中央新时代振兴中西部高等教育相关意见精神落实落地,具有重要现实意义。分析中西部高等教育商业模式画布中的客户细分、价值主张、渠道通路、客户关系、核心资源、关键任务、合作伙伴、收入来源和成本等九个要素发现,其商业模式有优化的空间。需注重客户需求,提升高等教育供给与劳动力市场的匹配度,增加低收入人群收入以提高教育付费能力,帮助学生拓宽就业渠道,采取特殊激励措施聚集卓越教师队伍,加强开放合作实现共赢发展,发挥商业模式中的优势,消弭阻碍发展的劣势,激发其内生动力和发展活力。

“U-G-S”:教师教育新模式的设计与实施

教师专业化要求教师教育模式不断创新。东北师范大学基于高素质专业化教师培养和服务基础教育方面的传统优势,创造性地提出"师范大学—地方政府—中小学合作"教师教育新模式。该模式以面向实践的学习、教师学习与发展共同体和文化融合与共生为基本理念,以"教师教育创新东北实验区"为实践载体,努力实现教师教育真正的一体化、共同体成员学习范式的转变以及政府教育职能提升等方面的功能。

中、美、新基础教育信息化发展战略比较研究

面对日趋激烈的国际竞争,世界各国都把基础教育信息化发展战略作为促进教育变革、提升国家综合竞争力的前瞻性选择。经过几十年的发展,我国基础教育信息化已取得了显著成果,但与世界发达国家相比还存在一定差距。发达国家基础教育信息化发展战略有哪些值得借鉴的经验,如何贯彻落实基础教育信息化发展战略,是我国教育政策制定者和基础教育信息化研究者关注的重点。本文采用文献研究法、比较研究法,对中国《教育信息化十年发展规划(2011-2020年)》的基础教育信息化、美国国家教育技术规划和新加坡教育信息化发展规划进行深入剖析和解读,对三国基础教育信息化发展战略制定的时代背景、战略目标、发展任务进行全面分析、比较,然后结合大量调查报告、统计数据对三国实施效果进行分析。研究发现,中国强调缩小数字鸿沟,实现基础教育均衡发展,美国旨在实现教育系统的结构性变革,新加坡更注重学生能力的培养和发展。