Commentary on "Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S.adults"

In their study,association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with body fat among U.S.Adults,Liao et al.^(1) analyzed data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Examination Survey to examine associations between h/day sitting,meeting (or not meeting) the U.S.Physical Activity Guidelines of≥150 min/week of moderate-and vigorous-intensity LTPA,and combinations of sitting time and LTPA on totaland trunk percent body fat (BF%).

The Reception Commemorating the 45th Anniversary of China-U.S.Diplomatic Ties Held in Beijing

On January 5,the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs jointly hosted a reception commemorating the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relationship between China and the United States in Beijing.Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Foreign Minister Wang Yi attended the commemoration and delivered aspeech.David Meale,ChargédAffaires at the U.S.Embassy in China,addressed the reception.He extended on behalf of the U.S.side congratulations on the anniversary,expressing the readiness of the U.S.to implement the consensus reached by the two heads of state and promote the steady development of U.S.-China relations.More than 350 people from all walks of life of both countries attended the reception.

FREE SPEECH OR SINOPHOBIA? THE U.S. SENATE MUST DECIDE

The 100 men and women who make up the U.S.Senate will soon have an important choice.They will either affirm that the First Amendment matters or they will surrender to fear.The senators must decide whether to go along with their colleagues in the House of Representatives and require the popular social media app TikTok to be sold to an American company.If they do endorse the House vote,then ByteDance must divest itself of TikTok or see the app will be banned on U.S.-based social media platforms.

Cross-Cultural Adjustment and Coping:U.S.Students in Taiwan Residents Higher Education

The aim of this study was to investigate the adjustment problems of students from the United States enrolled in universities in the East,specifically in Taiwan,their problems related to cultural adaptation,and the process of adjustment to student life in Taiwan.Under investigation were cultural adjustment and coping skills as these students transitioned from West to East.Qualitative data were collected from interviews with participants and faculty members as well as participant observations.Results indicated that U.S.students found their own ways to acclimate to their new academic setting as well as to social relations,cross-cultural issues,and the linguistic environment in Taiwan to achieve effective adaptation.They made changes in themselves to cope with all situations they encountered.This study provides suggestions for international students abroad in Taiwan,for the Taiwan Residents government,and for universities or colleges in terms of what they should offer to current and future international students.

Digital Disparities:How Artificial Intelligence Can Facilitate Anti-Black Racism in the U.S.Healthcare Sector

This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.

Huazhong University of Science and Technology(H.U.S.T)

1.Origins and DevelopmentHuazhong University of Science andTechnology(H.U.S.T.)is one of the leadinguniversities in China directly under the StateCommission for Education.H.U.S.T.was founded by gathering thefaculty and students as well as the equip-

Bridging the Unbridged: A Case Study of a U.S. University’s Study Abroad Program in Beijing

Purpose:Studying abroad is an importantway for universities tocultivate talent with international vision and global competitiveness.Based on its analysis of a U.S.university’s study in China program,this study provides policy recommendations to promote the overseas study and exchange ofU.S.students inChina.Design/Approach/Methods:This study examines the Beijing Overseas Learning Program of L University to examine the actual operations of a study abroad program in China.More specifically,this study examines the cooperative institution where the U.S.study program is located in China to analyze the operation mechanism and underlying logical framework of the program.Findings:This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the logical factors as well as internal and external reasons behind U.S.students’decisions to study in China.This study demonstrates that the“peer factor”has a decisive influence on students’decisions to study in China.Originality/Value:Study abroad programs constitute an integral part of China’s initiatives to enhance people-to-people exchanges with other countries.This study improves our understanding of the practical dynamics of study abroad programs in China,thereby enhancing abilities to attract U.S.students to study in China.

Decoupling U.S.Economy from China Doomed to Fail

The global supply chain is based on the global distribution of materials,technology,capital,labor,and markets and thus cannot be altered by political motives.KEEPING a sound and stable global supply chain will benefit not only China and America,but also the world at large.Janet Yellen,U.S.secretary of treasury,has realized the devastating consequences of decoupling U.S.economy from Chinese economy when she spoke at John Hopkins Institute on April 20,2023.Yellen said,“The United States will assert ourselves when our vital interests are at stake.But we do not seek to decouple our economy from China’s.A full separation of our economies would be disastrous for both countries.It would be destabilizing for the rest of the world.”

Opportunities and Challenges for China-U.S.LNG Trade

Since the 1960s,the global natural gas industry has developed rapidly,and natural gas has become a fossil fuel that can balance supply stability,economic efficiency of consumption,clean and low-carbon features at the current stage.However,there is a regional imbalance in the global demand for natural gas,and the continuous rise in geopolitical risks negatively affects the stability of the natural gas market.In recent years,LNG export capacity in the U.S.has continued to grow,and the potential for China-U.S.LNG trade in the future is enormous.From the perspective of development opportunities,strengthening LNG trade cooperation with the U.S.is conducive to the diversification of natural gas import sources for China.From the perspective of challenges,China-U.S.LNG trade cooperation also involves potential risks in terms of economy and channels.

Will China-U.S.Relations Stabilize After the San Francisco Summit?--Mutually beneficial cooperation or antagonism and confrontation?That is the question

At 1:35 p.m.local time on November 15,a four-hour summit between Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S.President Joe Biden concluded at Filoli Estate in San Francisco.At a press briefing after the meeting,Wang Yi,member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of Foreign Affairs,said that“the two presidents had a very good,comprehensive,and in-depth meeting.”

Quiet Lingering of The U.S.Debt Crisis

On June 3,U.S.President Joe Biden signed a debt ceiling bill,the“Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023,”two days before the nation’s debt default deadline,temporarily averting a calamitous default on its debt.With the bill,the nation’s debt limit is officially suspended through January 1,2025.

Counteraction to China?Impact of the U.S.International Development Finance Corporation on China’s Development Finance

The United States passed the Better Utilization of Investment Leading to Development(BUILD Act),as a counterweight to China’s overseas development activities.Under the Act,the US established a new federal agency,the U.S.International Development Finance Corporation(DFC),to enhance U.S.development financing capabilities.To better understand the impact of the DFC on China’s development finance,this article analyzes the DFC’s purpose,functions,structure,and funding.Then it focuses on the purpose of establishing the DFC,providing a preliminary analysis of the potential motivation for its establishment.It also compares the China Development Bank(CDB)and the DFC based on their focused sectors.Finally,through an in-depth analysis of financial frictions in China-U.S.relations,this article argues that the DFC competes with China’s overseas development financing activities in the context of broader strategic competition between China and the U.S.

“一所看得见未来的儿童大学”:教授校长治校理念的创生与探索

为发挥大学服务基础教育均衡发展的作用,2021年,上海师范大学委派笔者担任上海师范大学附属第五实验学校的创校校长。基于多年的基础教育研究和管理经验,笔者确立了“一所看得见未来的儿童大学”的办学理念,以及“为未来而教,为未来而学”的教学目标,树立儿童主体性地位,培养服务儿童未来发展的教师,开发服务儿童未来生活的课程,旨在培养与未来同行的大格局、宽视野、优表达、精实践、强创造的儿童。

从协同到求异:指向教师专业发展的U-S合作优化研究

U-S合作是教师专业发展的重要举措。审视U-S合作的历程可知,U-S合作致力于多方位促进教师专业发展,协同逐渐成为U-S合作促进教师专业发展的底层逻辑。随着合作的持续推进,这一底层逻辑在促进教师专业发展方面所潜在的矛盾也逐渐暴露出来。一方面,大学与中小学的文化差异阻碍了协同的深度发生;另一方面,为了实现大学与中小学的协同,双方不得不做出诸多的妥协,在妥协的语境下,中小学教师往往面临着主体性丧失的风险。与之相对,在求异这一核心理念的引领下,跨界学习旗帜鲜明地提出了“差异即资源”的主张,并通过互动场域的营造和互动系统的建构,为“差异即资源”提供了现实可能,也为优化U-S合作提供了新的思路。

湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床燕山期幕式成矿作用:来自原位白钨矿U-Pb定年与黄铁矿元素-同位素的约束

沃溪矿床位于江南造山带中段,是一座同时具有金、锑、钨大规模成矿的大型金矿,近年的研究揭示其主要形成于燕山期,但该矿的成矿物质源区及矿床成因尚存争议。基于此,本文利用SEM、EPMA、LA-MC-IF-ICP-MS等原位分析技术,对该矿床多世代黄铁矿的结构、成分及同位素组成和成矿期白钨矿的U-Pb年代学进行了研究。在沃溪矿床中,识别出3个世代5种类型黄铁矿(Py),即成矿前Py1,成矿第二阶段Py2和第三阶段的Py3a、Py3b和Py3c。黄铁矿微区成分及围岩蚀变特征指示,成矿期Au、As和Cu耦合,Au主要以固溶体(Au+)的形式存在于Py3b的晶格中;As-取代S-进入黄铁矿是促进晶格金富集的主要因素;而强烈的水-岩反应是导致成矿期热液黄铁矿Co/Ni<1的原因。黄铁矿的原位微量元素和S-Pb同位素组成(δ34 S V-CDT值:Py2为-4.33‰~-1.61‰,Py3a为-6.36‰~3.59‰,Py3b为-4.36‰~3.59‰,Py3c为-2.21‰~-0.65‰;206 Pb/204 Pb、207 Pb/204 Pb、208 Pb/204 Pb值:Py2分别为18.029、15.618和38.653,Py3a分别为18.047~18.341、15.594~15.698、38.781~39.394)及其在环带结构中的变化,指示第二及第三成矿阶段流体性质存在显著差异。成矿第三阶段白钨矿的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为132.7±7.9Ma(1σ,n=31,MSWD=0.43)。结合前人研究成果,我们认为沃溪金锑钨矿床主要形成于燕山期148~140Ma的黑钨矿(少量白钨矿、黄铁矿和金)和~130Ma的金-锑-白钨矿两阶段幕式成矿作用。早阶段成矿为下伏基底岩石重熔岩浆演化出的相对高温的还原性流体;晚阶段金-锑-白钨矿成矿以脉冲性幔源流体为主,金主要具地幔来源,而锑和钨可能来源于壳源与幔源流体混合演化出的富矿热液,成矿的脉动性可能与深部断层阀机制有关。金的主要沉淀机制为水岩反应和硫化作用,流体混合是辉锑矿与白钨矿的沉淀机制。富集交代的岩石圈地幔活化和古太平洋板块俯冲后撤、拆沉导致的岩石圈大规模伸展是江南造山带中段(湖南)燕山晚期金多金属大规模成矿的关键因素及构造背景,区域上具有进一步寻找陆内弧后伸展背景金多金属矿床的潜力。

科研经费中人员费占比与科研产出的关系——来自中国高等学校的经验证据

调动科研人员积极性是中国科研经费管理改革的重要内容。为了探索科研人员激励如何影响科研产出、优化科研经费支出结构,利用2011—2020年中国省级高等学校的科技活动数据,通过固定效应模型分析科研经费支出中人力资本分配对科研产出的影响。结果表明:科研支出中的人员费占比与科研产出呈现倒“U”型关系,放宽科研经费中人员费限制的措施出台提高了人力成本占比对科研产出的阈值效应,但并未加速或减缓人员费占比对科研产出的边际影响,可见政策可以改善资源配置结构与效率,然而科研产出本质上经由要素投入而产生;理工农医学科与人文社科的人员费在科研支出中的平均占比呈现出明显的差距,前者使科研成果产出最大化的极值点出现在19.50%附近,后者在41.51%附近。据此提出优化科研经费配置、提升人员经费效益、实施经费差异化管理等改善中国高校科研经费使用效率的建议。

长江上游鱼类环境DNA通用引物的选择与验证

为了选择出适合使用eDNA技术对长江上游鱼类多样性进行研究的通用引物,本研究选择10对扩增序列位于12S rRNA、16S rRNA、Cytb和COⅠ基因片段的常用引物,分别为Mifish-U、AcMDB07、Teleo、12SPv、Fish16S1、Ve16S1、PSI、G、VeCB1、FishCB,对长江上游常见的32种鱼类和3种其他水域鱼类肌肉组织提取的DNA扩增。结果显示,有6对引物均能扩增出全部35种鱼类,但引物Mifish-U的扩增效果最好。进一步使用引物Mifish-U对长江上游屏山县、涪陵区和巫山县3个采样点的水样eDNA进行高通量测序,共检测到80种鱼类,包括本研究使用的32种长江上游鱼类,其辨别度较高。使用引物Mifish-U对室内养殖3种鱼类的水样eDNA进行高通量测序后定性定量分析,结果显示黄颡鱼和鲤的生物量与序列数相关性显著,引物Mifish-U进行eDNA定量分析的潜力较大。研究表明,引物Mifish-U更适合作为eDNA研究长江上游鱼类多样性的通用引物。本研究可为利用eDNA技术监测长江上游鱼类多样性的引物选择提供参考。

基于自注意力机制和改进YOLOv5s的小目标生物检测

为了快速准确地检测出小目标生物(海参、扇贝、海星和海胆)在复杂水下环境的位置及所属种类,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s的小目标生物检测算法。在特征提取阶段,引入基于多头自注意力设计的自注意力残差模块,强化网络全局建模能力的同时,强化目标特征信息;在特征融合阶段,将特征融合网络调整为添加横向连接的双向特征金字塔结构,增强网络融合不同阶段特征信息的能力;在检测阶段,舍弃大目标检测尺度并添加小目标的检测尺度,提升小目标生物的检测精度;最后,引入α–CIo U损失函数作为模型边界框回归损失函数,提高边界框回归精度,进而提高算法检测准确率。定性试验中,几乎所有肉眼可见的水产品目标都被改进模型检出,并正确标记,体现了改进算法的有效性。α值选取试验中,α值为2.0时效果最佳,平均精度均值(mAP)均优于其他值的,达到0.857,较α值为1.0时的提升了0.016。消融试验中,添加任一优化方法均会提升改进模型的检测精度,最终改进模型的m AP达0.873,较原模型的提升了0.032,模型参数量减少了26.8%,仅有5 M。对比试验中,改进模型的m AP较Faster RCNN、YOLOv3、YOLOv4、YOLOv5s、YOLOvX、SSD、NAS–FCOS、改进YOLOv5等的提升了0.020以上;改进模型在本地服务器的检测速度达139帧/s,较YOLOv5s的提升了14帧/s,略逊于以检测速度著称的SSD模型的。可见,改进模型能满足轻量和实时性要求。改进模型也成功部署到安卓移动设备中。

缺口对34CrNi3Mo合金钢的扭转疲劳性能的影响

以船舶主轴为实验对象,研究34CrNi3Mo合金钢作为船舶主轴时法兰与主轴连接处的疲劳寿命.利用实验将法兰与主轴连接处简化成带U型缺口的扭转疲劳试样,基于小样本量中值S-N实验法对应力集中系数为1.45的34CrNi3Mo合金钢在扭转荷载作用下进行疲劳分析,测定其在不同应力幅值下的疲劳寿命并绘制S-N曲线,估算其疲劳极限.将绘制出的S-N曲线与光滑试样的S-N曲线进行对比,结果发现疲劳寿命差别较大.利用ABAQUS软件和Fe-safe软件进行数值模拟,将试验结果与所绘的S-N曲线对比表明,S-N曲线的方程与试验结果很接近,验证了所建立的数值模型的正确性.

“优师计划”背景下师范生U-G-S培养模式价值、问题及对策

从“优师计划”背景下师范生U-G-S培养模式价值分析入手,剖析“优师计划”背景下师范生U-G-S培养模式中地方政府、师范院校、中小学校、师范生四个基本要素各自存在问题,提出“四位一体”师范生U-G-S培养模式提升对策,以当地政府为主导、以师范院校为引领、以中小学校为核心、以师范生为主体,统筹各方培养资源和优势力量,激活多方利益主体意愿,助力乡村卓越教师的培养。