The theory of proximization is an effective discourse strategy to study the speaker’s ability to achieve his own legitimacy or reinforce the other’s illegitimacy,and its superiority can be maximized by means of quan...The theory of proximization is an effective discourse strategy to study the speaker’s ability to achieve his own legitimacy or reinforce the other’s illegitimacy,and its superiority can be maximized by means of quantitative and comparative analysis.In this study,we collected reports on Trump’s and Biden’s policies on China to build two small corpora,with a total of 11,030 words in the Trump corpus and 17,566 words in the Biden corpus.The critical discourse analysis is combined with proximization theory.With the help of BFSU Qualitative Coder 1.2,Antconc 3.5.7,and Log-Likelihood and Chi-Square Calculator 1.0,a critical cognitive score of the relevant discourse was conducted from the perspective of proximization theory.It has been found that:(1)Both Trump and Biden administrations resort to a large number of spatial proximization strategies to build ODCs converging to IDCs with China as the ODC,posing a threat to internal physical IDCs;(2)in the use of temporal proximization strategy,both administrations use primarily modal verbs and various entities to construct ODCs that extend indefinitely into the present and future,emphasizing the urgency and the threat of the effect and reinforcing the legitimacy of their actions;(3)in terms of axiological proximization strategy,the two administrations differ greatly from each other,indicating that there are still discursive biases.展开更多
At the dawn of the new century, the Republicans returned to the White House after eight years in opposition. When President George W. Bush and his foreign policy team were striving to realize their diplomatic ambition...At the dawn of the new century, the Republicans returned to the White House after eight years in opposition. When President George W. Bush and his foreign policy team were striving to realize their diplomatic ambition, the events of September 11 led them to readjust their foreign policy, thereby a remarkable feature can be seen in Mr. Bush’s initial diplomacy.展开更多
Deterrence and coercion are two kinds of strategies,the latter being more aggressive than the former.The U.S.Asia-Pacific Rebalancing strategy is an important diplomatic legacy of Obama's administration.For the is...Deterrence and coercion are two kinds of strategies,the latter being more aggressive than the former.The U.S.Asia-Pacific Rebalancing strategy is an important diplomatic legacy of Obama's administration.For the issues involving the Diaoyu Islands,the South China Sea,cyber security,DPRK's nuclear program,and Iran's nuclear program,the U.S.has carried out military deterrence and non-force coercion against China.But generally,these are low-level coercive measures and distinct from the severe economic sanction and diplomatic isolation imposed by the U.S.on Russia,Syria,DPRK and Iran in recent years.Concerning issues where the U.S.and China hold distinct views,there would be less strategic leeway for the two countries.If the U.S.is to strengthen deterrence and coercion towards China,China can respond more actively and effectively,but it will be more difficult to build a new model of China-U.S.major-country relationship.展开更多
Since taking office in 2021, US President Joe Biden has rectified former President Trump’s domestic and foreign policies. However, Biden has continued the Trump administration’s idea of “excluding China and protect...Since taking office in 2021, US President Joe Biden has rectified former President Trump’s domestic and foreign policies. However, Biden has continued the Trump administration’s idea of “excluding China and protecting the courtyard,” which permeates the entire process of policy adjustment on Latin America. The purpose is to damage and hinder China–Latin America relations and cooperation. After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, the Biden administration intensified efforts to exclude extraterritorial forces represented by China and Russia that seek to regain control of the backyard to a greater extent. The Biden administration has made progress in easing the antagonism between the US and Latin America and repairing ally system in the western hemisphere, however, its efforts to reshape U.S.–Latin America relations have encountered many challenges.展开更多
The discussions of U.S.return to Asia-Pacific unfold more around the state to state relationship,and are lack of studies based on regions.This paper intends to analyze the connections between regional security dilemma...The discussions of U.S.return to Asia-Pacific unfold more around the state to state relationship,and are lack of studies based on regions.This paper intends to analyze the connections between regional security dilemma and regional security ownership,and further examine how it is possible for the United States to return to Asia-Pacific.Although the United States during the early years of the end of the Cold War overlooked the importance of its Asia-Pacific strategy,however,the Asia-Pacific countries in short of consensus on regional security and a post-Cold War extensive security dilemma enable the United States to return to Asia-Pacific,improve and upgrade its U.S.-led regional security system.But,as far as China is concerned,the U.S.return to Asia-Pacific itself is both a challenge and an opportunity.展开更多
Based on the observation of the Ryukyu ethnic group during the World WarⅡand the need for post-war military occupation,the United States formulated the rule of“pro-U.S.and separating from the Japan,strengthening the...Based on the observation of the Ryukyu ethnic group during the World WarⅡand the need for post-war military occupation,the United States formulated the rule of“pro-U.S.and separating from the Japan,strengthening the initiative of natives.”1 in the early days of the occupation of Ryukyu.In the field of culture,the United States has carried out activities such as the compilation of post-war textbooks,attempts to restore native language,protection of traditional art and historical sites,and they also revived the traditional culture of Ryukyu.Since then,due to the transformation of the U.S.Asia-Pacific strategy,the U.S.’s traditional culture policy for Ryukyu has gradually changed to allow Japanese culture to re-enter Ryukyu.The Ryukyu traditional cultural rejuvenation policy in the early postwar period led to the development and strengthening of the community awareness of the Ryukyu community,which had disappeared and been suppressed for a long time.展开更多
The unemployment rate of the United States in August 2010 was 9.6 percent,high by contemporary U.S.standards. As recently as 2007,the average annual U.S.unemployment rate was 4.7 percent.Immigration is being blamed fo...The unemployment rate of the United States in August 2010 was 9.6 percent,high by contemporary U.S.standards. As recently as 2007,the average annual U.S.unemployment rate was 4.7 percent.Immigration is being blamed for the ut Stuart Anderson,of the Cato Institute and Executive Director of the National Foundation for American Policy,said in the Immigration Reform Bulletin that immigration is not the problem,rather it’s U.S. economic policy.Edited excerpts follow.展开更多
The U.S.policy toward China involves many aspects such as hegemony and order,strength and interests,system and culture,which determine that the competition between China and the United States is a"hybrid competit...The U.S.policy toward China involves many aspects such as hegemony and order,strength and interests,system and culture,which determine that the competition between China and the United States is a"hybrid competition"with various characteristics.Meantime,China and the United States are faced with a critical moment as they make a major choice again about the future relations between the two countries and the direction of the world.At such a moment,it is very important for China to take various measures to shape in the reversal direction.展开更多
Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, China has formed a series of guidelines and policies towards the United States, which are the theoretical foundation of China’s U.S. policy thinking in the New Ce...Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, China has formed a series of guidelines and policies towards the United States, which are the theoretical foundation of China’s U.S. policy thinking in the New Century. Entering the new century, the international situation has undergone profound and complicated changes, the national strength gap between China and the United States has narrowed, their common interests have expanded, differences and contradictions have increased. Therefore, China stands for both countries to adhere to the direction of developing cooperative partnership, respect each other, abide by the promises, seek equal and mutual benefits and win-win cooperation, and mutually respect each others core interests. The future development of China-U.S. relations still face many challenges and China’s U.S. policy thinking needs to keep abreast with the times.展开更多
文摘The theory of proximization is an effective discourse strategy to study the speaker’s ability to achieve his own legitimacy or reinforce the other’s illegitimacy,and its superiority can be maximized by means of quantitative and comparative analysis.In this study,we collected reports on Trump’s and Biden’s policies on China to build two small corpora,with a total of 11,030 words in the Trump corpus and 17,566 words in the Biden corpus.The critical discourse analysis is combined with proximization theory.With the help of BFSU Qualitative Coder 1.2,Antconc 3.5.7,and Log-Likelihood and Chi-Square Calculator 1.0,a critical cognitive score of the relevant discourse was conducted from the perspective of proximization theory.It has been found that:(1)Both Trump and Biden administrations resort to a large number of spatial proximization strategies to build ODCs converging to IDCs with China as the ODC,posing a threat to internal physical IDCs;(2)in the use of temporal proximization strategy,both administrations use primarily modal verbs and various entities to construct ODCs that extend indefinitely into the present and future,emphasizing the urgency and the threat of the effect and reinforcing the legitimacy of their actions;(3)in terms of axiological proximization strategy,the two administrations differ greatly from each other,indicating that there are still discursive biases.
文摘At the dawn of the new century, the Republicans returned to the White House after eight years in opposition. When President George W. Bush and his foreign policy team were striving to realize their diplomatic ambition, the events of September 11 led them to readjust their foreign policy, thereby a remarkable feature can be seen in Mr. Bush’s initial diplomacy.
文摘Deterrence and coercion are two kinds of strategies,the latter being more aggressive than the former.The U.S.Asia-Pacific Rebalancing strategy is an important diplomatic legacy of Obama's administration.For the issues involving the Diaoyu Islands,the South China Sea,cyber security,DPRK's nuclear program,and Iran's nuclear program,the U.S.has carried out military deterrence and non-force coercion against China.But generally,these are low-level coercive measures and distinct from the severe economic sanction and diplomatic isolation imposed by the U.S.on Russia,Syria,DPRK and Iran in recent years.Concerning issues where the U.S.and China hold distinct views,there would be less strategic leeway for the two countries.If the U.S.is to strengthen deterrence and coercion towards China,China can respond more actively and effectively,but it will be more difficult to build a new model of China-U.S.major-country relationship.
文摘Since taking office in 2021, US President Joe Biden has rectified former President Trump’s domestic and foreign policies. However, Biden has continued the Trump administration’s idea of “excluding China and protecting the courtyard,” which permeates the entire process of policy adjustment on Latin America. The purpose is to damage and hinder China–Latin America relations and cooperation. After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, the Biden administration intensified efforts to exclude extraterritorial forces represented by China and Russia that seek to regain control of the backyard to a greater extent. The Biden administration has made progress in easing the antagonism between the US and Latin America and repairing ally system in the western hemisphere, however, its efforts to reshape U.S.–Latin America relations have encountered many challenges.
文摘The discussions of U.S.return to Asia-Pacific unfold more around the state to state relationship,and are lack of studies based on regions.This paper intends to analyze the connections between regional security dilemma and regional security ownership,and further examine how it is possible for the United States to return to Asia-Pacific.Although the United States during the early years of the end of the Cold War overlooked the importance of its Asia-Pacific strategy,however,the Asia-Pacific countries in short of consensus on regional security and a post-Cold War extensive security dilemma enable the United States to return to Asia-Pacific,improve and upgrade its U.S.-led regional security system.But,as far as China is concerned,the U.S.return to Asia-Pacific itself is both a challenge and an opportunity.
文摘Based on the observation of the Ryukyu ethnic group during the World WarⅡand the need for post-war military occupation,the United States formulated the rule of“pro-U.S.and separating from the Japan,strengthening the initiative of natives.”1 in the early days of the occupation of Ryukyu.In the field of culture,the United States has carried out activities such as the compilation of post-war textbooks,attempts to restore native language,protection of traditional art and historical sites,and they also revived the traditional culture of Ryukyu.Since then,due to the transformation of the U.S.Asia-Pacific strategy,the U.S.’s traditional culture policy for Ryukyu has gradually changed to allow Japanese culture to re-enter Ryukyu.The Ryukyu traditional cultural rejuvenation policy in the early postwar period led to the development and strengthening of the community awareness of the Ryukyu community,which had disappeared and been suppressed for a long time.
文摘The unemployment rate of the United States in August 2010 was 9.6 percent,high by contemporary U.S.standards. As recently as 2007,the average annual U.S.unemployment rate was 4.7 percent.Immigration is being blamed for the ut Stuart Anderson,of the Cato Institute and Executive Director of the National Foundation for American Policy,said in the Immigration Reform Bulletin that immigration is not the problem,rather it’s U.S. economic policy.Edited excerpts follow.
文摘The U.S.policy toward China involves many aspects such as hegemony and order,strength and interests,system and culture,which determine that the competition between China and the United States is a"hybrid competition"with various characteristics.Meantime,China and the United States are faced with a critical moment as they make a major choice again about the future relations between the two countries and the direction of the world.At such a moment,it is very important for China to take various measures to shape in the reversal direction.
文摘Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, China has formed a series of guidelines and policies towards the United States, which are the theoretical foundation of China’s U.S. policy thinking in the New Century. Entering the new century, the international situation has undergone profound and complicated changes, the national strength gap between China and the United States has narrowed, their common interests have expanded, differences and contradictions have increased. Therefore, China stands for both countries to adhere to the direction of developing cooperative partnership, respect each other, abide by the promises, seek equal and mutual benefits and win-win cooperation, and mutually respect each others core interests. The future development of China-U.S. relations still face many challenges and China’s U.S. policy thinking needs to keep abreast with the times.
