The demand for high-data-rate underwater acoustic communications(UACs)in marine development is increasing;however,severe multipaths make demodulation a challenge.The decision feedback equalizer(DFE)is one of the most ...The demand for high-data-rate underwater acoustic communications(UACs)in marine development is increasing;however,severe multipaths make demodulation a challenge.The decision feedback equalizer(DFE)is one of the most popular equalizers in UAC;however,it is not the optimal algorithm.Although maximum likelihood sequence estimation(MLSE)is the optimal algorithm,its complexity increases exponentially with the number of channel taps,making it challenging to apply to UAC.Therefore,this paper proposes a complexity-reduced MLSE to improve the bit error rate(BER)performance in multipath channels.In the proposed algorithm,the original channel is first shortened using a channel-shortening method,and several dominant channel taps are selected for MLSE.Subsequently,sphere decoding(SD)is performed in the following MLSE.Iterations are applied to eliminate inter-symbol interference caused by weak channel taps.The simulation and sea experiment demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.The simulation results show that channel shortening combined with SD can drastically reduce computational complexity,and iterative SD performs better than DFE based on recursive least squares(RLS-DFE),DFE based on improved proportionate normalized least mean squares(IPNLMS-DFE),and channel estimation-based DFE(CE-DFE).Moreover,the sea experimental results at Zhairuoshan Island in Zhoushan show that the proposed receiver scheme has improved BER performance over RLSDFE,IPNLMS-DFE,and CE-DFE.Compared with the RLS-DFE,the BER,after five iterations,is reduced from 0.0076 to 0.0037 in the 8–12 k Hz band and from 0.1516 to 0.1145 in the 13–17 k Hz band at a distance of 2000 m.Thus,the proposed algorithm makes it possible to apply MLSE in UAC in practical scenarios.展开更多
Windows Vista提出了全新的标准用户权限概念,使用户能使用标准用户完成日常大多数的应用而且能有效防止恶意软件的影响。但是,要对系统进行实质性、全局性的操作还需要更进一步的用户权限,也就是高级管理权限,Vista同样也提出了完整的...Windows Vista提出了全新的标准用户权限概念,使用户能使用标准用户完成日常大多数的应用而且能有效防止恶意软件的影响。但是,要对系统进行实质性、全局性的操作还需要更进一步的用户权限,也就是高级管理权限,Vista同样也提出了完整的解决方案。展开更多
微软于2006年末推出的桌面操作系统Windows Vista是Windows XP的升级换代,该系统的界面外观、技术应用、安全保障、多媒体等多方面显示出与众不同的特点和实用性,具有强大的文件管理组织和搜索能力,包括IE7浏览器、Windows Media Player...微软于2006年末推出的桌面操作系统Windows Vista是Windows XP的升级换代,该系统的界面外观、技术应用、安全保障、多媒体等多方面显示出与众不同的特点和实用性,具有强大的文件管理组织和搜索能力,包括IE7浏览器、Windows Media Player 11播放器。展开更多
Windows Vista中的用户账户控制(UAC)提出了全新的标准用户权限概念,使用户能使用标准用户完成日常大多数的应用而且能有效防止恶意软件的影响。但是,要对系统进行实质性、全局性的操作还需要更进一步的用户权限,也就是高级管理权限.Vi...Windows Vista中的用户账户控制(UAC)提出了全新的标准用户权限概念,使用户能使用标准用户完成日常大多数的应用而且能有效防止恶意软件的影响。但是,要对系统进行实质性、全局性的操作还需要更进一步的用户权限,也就是高级管理权限.Vista同样也提出了完整的解决方案。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 62101489, 62171405 and 62225114.
文摘The demand for high-data-rate underwater acoustic communications(UACs)in marine development is increasing;however,severe multipaths make demodulation a challenge.The decision feedback equalizer(DFE)is one of the most popular equalizers in UAC;however,it is not the optimal algorithm.Although maximum likelihood sequence estimation(MLSE)is the optimal algorithm,its complexity increases exponentially with the number of channel taps,making it challenging to apply to UAC.Therefore,this paper proposes a complexity-reduced MLSE to improve the bit error rate(BER)performance in multipath channels.In the proposed algorithm,the original channel is first shortened using a channel-shortening method,and several dominant channel taps are selected for MLSE.Subsequently,sphere decoding(SD)is performed in the following MLSE.Iterations are applied to eliminate inter-symbol interference caused by weak channel taps.The simulation and sea experiment demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.The simulation results show that channel shortening combined with SD can drastically reduce computational complexity,and iterative SD performs better than DFE based on recursive least squares(RLS-DFE),DFE based on improved proportionate normalized least mean squares(IPNLMS-DFE),and channel estimation-based DFE(CE-DFE).Moreover,the sea experimental results at Zhairuoshan Island in Zhoushan show that the proposed receiver scheme has improved BER performance over RLSDFE,IPNLMS-DFE,and CE-DFE.Compared with the RLS-DFE,the BER,after five iterations,is reduced from 0.0076 to 0.0037 in the 8–12 k Hz band and from 0.1516 to 0.1145 in the 13–17 k Hz band at a distance of 2000 m.Thus,the proposed algorithm makes it possible to apply MLSE in UAC in practical scenarios.
