Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are often used for environmental and industrial sensing in undersea/ocean space, therefore, these networks are also named underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Underw...Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are often used for environmental and industrial sensing in undersea/ocean space, therefore, these networks are also named underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Underwater sensor networks are different from other sensor networks due to the acoustic channel used in their physical layer, thus we should discuss about the specific features of these underwater networks such as acoustic channel modeling and protocol design for different layers of open system interconnection (OSI) model. Each node of these networks as a sensor needs to exchange data with other nodes;however, complexity of the acoustic channel makes some challenges in practice, especially when we are designing the network protocols. Therefore based on the mentioned cases, we are going to review general issues of the design of an UASN in this paper. In this regard, we firstly describe the network architecture for a typical 3D UASN, then we review the characteristics of the acoustic channel and the corresponding challenges of it and finally, we discuss about the different layers e.g. MAC protocols, routing protocols, and signal processing for the application layer of UASNs.展开更多
Underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)refers to a procedure that promotes a broad spectrum of aquatic applications.UASNs can be practically applied in seismic checking,ocean mine identification,resource exploration,...Underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)refers to a procedure that promotes a broad spectrum of aquatic applications.UASNs can be practically applied in seismic checking,ocean mine identification,resource exploration,pollution checking,and disaster avoidance.UASN confronts many difficulties and issues,such as low bandwidth,node movements,propagation delay,3D arrangement,energy limitation,and high-cost production and arrangement costs caused by antagonistic underwater situations.Underwater wireless sensor networks(UWSNs)are considered a major issue being encountered in energy management because of the limited battery power of their nodes.Moreover,the harsh underwater environment requires vendors to design and deploy energy-hungry devices to fulfil the communication requirements and maintain an acceptable quality of service.Moreover,increased transmission power levels result in higher channel interference,thereby increasing packet loss.Considering the facts mentioned above,this research presents a controlled transmission power-based sparsity-aware energy-efficient clustering in UWSNs.The contributions of this technique is threefold.First,it uses the adaptive power control mechanism to utilize the sensor nodes’battery and reduce channel interference effectively.Second,thresholds are defined to ensure successful communication.Third,clustering can be implemented in dense areas to decrease the repetitive transmission that ultimately affects the energy consumption of nodes and interference significantly.Additionally,mobile sinks are deployed to gather information locally to achieve the previously mentioned benefits.The suggested protocol is meticulously examined through extensive simulations and is validated through comparison with other advanced UWSN strategies.Findings show that the suggested protocol outperforms other procedures in terms of network lifetime and packet delivery ratio.展开更多
Cooperative jamming(CJ)is one of the important methods to solve security problems of underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs).In this paper,we propose a Cooperative Jamming Scheme based on Node Authentication for UA...Cooperative jamming(CJ)is one of the important methods to solve security problems of underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs).In this paper,we propose a Cooperative Jamming Scheme based on Node Authentication for UASNs to improve the effect of CJ by selecting suitable jamming source for found illegal nodes.In the node authentication,all nodes will be identified by their trust value(TV).TV is calculated according to three types of evidence:channel-based trust evidence,behavior-based trust evidence and energy-based trust evidence.Besides,to deal with cases where legal nodes may be suspected,the historical TV and trust redemption will be considered when calculating TV.In cooperative jamming,according to the link quality,several nodes are selected to jam illegal nodes.Both simulation and field experiment show that the proposed scheme can accurately find the illegal nodes in the time-vary channel and improve the security of the network.展开更多
文摘Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are often used for environmental and industrial sensing in undersea/ocean space, therefore, these networks are also named underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Underwater sensor networks are different from other sensor networks due to the acoustic channel used in their physical layer, thus we should discuss about the specific features of these underwater networks such as acoustic channel modeling and protocol design for different layers of open system interconnection (OSI) model. Each node of these networks as a sensor needs to exchange data with other nodes;however, complexity of the acoustic channel makes some challenges in practice, especially when we are designing the network protocols. Therefore based on the mentioned cases, we are going to review general issues of the design of an UASN in this paper. In this regard, we firstly describe the network architecture for a typical 3D UASN, then we review the characteristics of the acoustic channel and the corresponding challenges of it and finally, we discuss about the different layers e.g. MAC protocols, routing protocols, and signal processing for the application layer of UASNs.
基金The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research and King Saud University for funding this researchThe author are also grateful to Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/215),Taif University,Taif,Saudi ArabiaThis research work was also partially supported by the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology,University of Malaya under Postgraduate Research Grant(PG035-2016A).
文摘Underwater acoustic sensor network(UASN)refers to a procedure that promotes a broad spectrum of aquatic applications.UASNs can be practically applied in seismic checking,ocean mine identification,resource exploration,pollution checking,and disaster avoidance.UASN confronts many difficulties and issues,such as low bandwidth,node movements,propagation delay,3D arrangement,energy limitation,and high-cost production and arrangement costs caused by antagonistic underwater situations.Underwater wireless sensor networks(UWSNs)are considered a major issue being encountered in energy management because of the limited battery power of their nodes.Moreover,the harsh underwater environment requires vendors to design and deploy energy-hungry devices to fulfil the communication requirements and maintain an acceptable quality of service.Moreover,increased transmission power levels result in higher channel interference,thereby increasing packet loss.Considering the facts mentioned above,this research presents a controlled transmission power-based sparsity-aware energy-efficient clustering in UWSNs.The contributions of this technique is threefold.First,it uses the adaptive power control mechanism to utilize the sensor nodes’battery and reduce channel interference effectively.Second,thresholds are defined to ensure successful communication.Third,clustering can be implemented in dense areas to decrease the repetitive transmission that ultimately affects the energy consumption of nodes and interference significantly.Additionally,mobile sinks are deployed to gather information locally to achieve the previously mentioned benefits.The suggested protocol is meticulously examined through extensive simulations and is validated through comparison with other advanced UWSN strategies.Findings show that the suggested protocol outperforms other procedures in terms of network lifetime and packet delivery ratio.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62171310the Marine Defense Innovation Fund JJ-2020-701-09Lanzhou Jiaotong University-Tianjin University Co-Funding under Grant No.2022064。
文摘Cooperative jamming(CJ)is one of the important methods to solve security problems of underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs).In this paper,we propose a Cooperative Jamming Scheme based on Node Authentication for UASNs to improve the effect of CJ by selecting suitable jamming source for found illegal nodes.In the node authentication,all nodes will be identified by their trust value(TV).TV is calculated according to three types of evidence:channel-based trust evidence,behavior-based trust evidence and energy-based trust evidence.Besides,to deal with cases where legal nodes may be suspected,the historical TV and trust redemption will be considered when calculating TV.In cooperative jamming,according to the link quality,several nodes are selected to jam illegal nodes.Both simulation and field experiment show that the proposed scheme can accurately find the illegal nodes in the time-vary channel and improve the security of the network.
